Comparing C to C++ and Java
These lists are not exhaustive!


C versus C++

C does not have:
 -classes, and therefore C++'s rich library
 -struct member functions (methods)
 -function overloading
 -operator overloading
 -<iostream> for I/O (<stdio.h> instead)
 -new/delete for allocation (malloc/free in <stdlib.h> instead)
 -reference variables
 -exceptions (look at <signal.h> and <setjmp.h> instead)
 -namespaces
 -templates
 -bool

Some other differences:
 -C++ has // comments (although many compilers allow them in C as
  an extension)
 -In C, all declarations in a block must come before the first statement
  in a block.
 -In C, const variables have external linkage by default.  In C++ the
  default is internal linkage.


C versus Java

C does not have:
 -classes, interfaces, a huge library
 -boolean
 -function overloading

Java does not have:
 -structs, unions
 -pointers
 -preprocessor
 -unsigned types
 -goto
 -variable-length argument lists