The commands: Esc-o (M-x xscheme-send-buffer) Esc-C-z (M-x xscheme-send-region) Don't work for R3RS scheme or 6.001 scheme. To evaluate an entrier buffer save the buffer into a file and do: (load "filename") in the *scheme* buffer. To evaluate a region, save the region into a file with: M-x write-region and then do: (load "filename") in the *scheme* buffer.