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Printing from
an Athena Workstation
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Brandy Bechtel
MIT Project Athena
Revision A
February 1, 1988
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@copyrightNotice(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
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@chapter(You Need to Know )
Printing from Athena workstations requires knowledge of the type of file and the
capabilities of available printers.  The easiest way to determine
printer capabilities is to examine the identifying label on the
printer.  The label provides printer name, capabilities, and page
limit (if any).

@comment{If you want to print a plain file just use @b[lpr -P]rintername @i[filename]}

Generally, the printing command takes the form
@begin[example]
lpr -P@i[printername filename]
@end[example]
where @i[printername] is the name of an Athena printer and @i[filename] is 
the name of the file you want printed.
For example, if you want to print out a copy of a program you're working on, use the
command
@begin[example]
lpr -P@i[pandora myprog.c]
@end[example]

This example assumes that you want to use printer @i[pandora], located
in 4-035, and that the file @i[myprog.c] contains plain text.

@section(Types of Files)
Your file will probably fall in to one of the
following categories. 
@begin(description)
@b[Plain] @b[text]@\These files can be viewed with @b[more] on your screen.
This includes drafts of papers (formatted for @b[@@device](@i(lptln)) with 
Scribe@foot(Scribe is a registered trademark of S.A.Y. Technology Group)) 
and program listings. 
@comment{@\including rough drafts of papers (formatted for
@i[lptln]--see @p(Essential Scribe)), and program listings.  These can
be printed on almost any printer.}

@b[Screen] @b[dumps]@\These files can be viewed in a window on the screen.  
Printing the contents of a window requires a printer with additional memory.

@comment{@\and other graphics files, often require special printers
with extended memory. }

@begin(multiple)
@b[PostScript]@\These files are specially formatted using the PostScript@foot(PostScript
is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.) computer language.   
The LN03R and LPS40 printers understand PostScript instructions.
Scribe produces PostScript output files capable of printing a variety of fonts and 
type sizes (see @p[More Scribe: Report] or the @p[Scribe User Manual] for more 
information).

@comment{@foot(PostScript is a registered 
trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.) files.  This can
only be printed on special printers.  PostScript is a computer
language that permits complex printer output.  The LN03+ and LPS40
printers understand PostScript instructions sent directly, or created
with other  programs. 
Scribe  @foot(Scribe is a registered trademark of S.A.Y. Technology Group)can produce a PostScript output file  containing various fonts
and type sizes.  }

@b[Enscript] is a program that takes a normal file and
sends a PostScript form to the printer.   You can specify such things as size,
orientation, and font. For example, suppose you have a program named
@i[myprog.c].  To  print it out on the LPS40 printer @i[linus], 
with two columns per page, 
using landscape mode (rotated 90 degrees), in Times-Roman type:
@begin(example)
% enscript -P@i[linus -2r -fTimes-Roman10 myprog.c]
@end(example)
Type @b[man enscript], for more information.
@end(multiple)
@end(description)
@section(Printer Capabilities)

The following list describes the various types of Athena printers and
their capabilities.

@begin(description)
@b[LN03]@\plain text  only.  Plain LN03 printers are available on a
limited basis.

@b[LN03+]@\screen dumps.  Direct screen dumps to the printer @b[europa]
located in the I/S dispatch area.

@b[LN03R]@\plain text, PostScript.  LN03R printers are available in
most public clusters.

@b[LPS40]@\PostScript, plain text, large volume.  Direct files to @b[linus] the
LPS40 in the I/S dispatch area.

@b[3812 PagePrinter]@\plain text, window or screen dumps.  PagePrinter
service at W20 should begin during the Spring term, 1988.
@end(description)
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The location and names of printers are listed in the Table at the end
of this document.

@section(Page Limits) 

The printers located in clusters cannot accept jobs which have more
than five pages.  This is an attempt to prevent unreasonable waits for
the printer.  If your file is rejected, you should be printing it out
on an @b[LPS40], the printer designed for high volume output.  For
printing single pages from a PostScript file, see section 2.1, Single
Page Output.

@chapter(Sending Program Output to a Printer)

If the information you want to print does not happen to be in a file,
you have a couple of options.  You can use @b[cut and paste] to
transfer it from an xterm window into an editor, and hence, a file
(see @p(Athena Workstation)).  

Program output can be redirected from the screen into a file with:
@begin(example)
% program @b[>] @i[filename]
@end(example)

@i[Filename] now contains the output of program.

If you want to avoid creating a file just for the purpose
of printing it out you can redirect program output directly to the
printer with:  
@begin(example)
% program @b[|] lpr -P@i[printername]
@end(example)

@i[printername] is the name of an appropriate printer.

@section[Single Page Output]

If you want to print only a few pages of a PostScript document, you
can use the @i[psrev] command.  To print the first three pages of a
document, type

@example [% @b[psrev -R -s 1-3] @i[filename.PS] | lpr -P@i[printer]]

@i[psrev] prints the pages in inverse order, so the @i[-R] option
makes it go in the usual order; the @i[-s] option selects the pages
which will go to the printer.

This command is useful if you make minor corrections at several points
in a document and want to print out only the corrected pages.


@chapter(Using Type Fonts)

Athena LN03R and LPS40 printers can produce documents with various fonts such as this
one.  Using Scribe, you can specify a PostScript formatted file indicated with 
@b[@@device(postscript)].
@comment{
that you intend to use a PostScript device.  You indicate PostScript output by making
the command @b[@@device(PostScript)] the first line of your Scribe file.}
You control the style of the type font with  @b[@@style(fontfamily
@i(TheFontYouWant))]. A font family is usually
a group of related fonts.  This document primarily uses the
NewCenturySchoolBook font family, including the bold and italicized forms.

@section(Available Font Families)
Scribe supports many different fonts,  Athena printers produce the
styles listed below.  You select a specific
font family such as @i[NewCenturySchoolBook] with:  
@begin(example)
@@style(fontfamily @i[NewCenturySchoolBook])
@end(example)
The standard version of this font family is used as the default font
for the text, and font variation is limited to a small number of
related fonts (including bold and italic forms).