4.635 Renaissance Architecture

Raphael (1483 - 1520)
     born in Urbino, son of the painter Giovanni Santi. Trained in the
     workshop of Perugino. Compare the architecture in the background of
     Perugino's Consigning of the Keys in the Sistene chapel in the Vatican
     (1485), to Raphael's Spozalizio, or Marriage of the Virgin, in the Brera
     museum of Milan, of 1504. To Florence in 1504. Rome in 1508 to paint the
     Sala della Segnatura (the beginning of the project to paint the papal
     apartments in the Vatican). 1509 School of Athens. This is Bramante's
     architecture which Raphael has learned faster than any of the others in
     Rome at the time. In the frescoes of the Stanze Raphael uses all the
     orders and a rich decorative vocabulary. See especially the Fire in the
     Borgo, 1514 which has all 5 orders.
c. 1506-8, drawing of the interior of the Pantheon.

La Belle Jardiniere:

Marriage of the Virgin from 1504:

School of Athens from 1509:

The Fire in the Borgo from 1514:

Chigi chapel, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome. conceived 1513. for Agostino
     Chigi, the papal banker. decoration after 1517.

Della Rovere Chapel, S.M. del Popolo of 1472-80:

1 August 1514, with the antiquarian and architect, Fra Giocondo
     (1433-1515. Fra Giocondo published first edition of Vitruvius in 1511)
     and Giuliano da Sangallo, Raphael succeeds Bramante (d. March 1514) as
     architect of St Peters. Pope is now Leo X, son of Lorenzo de' Medici.
     Serious study of Antiquity.
first project (1514) is a quincunx plan.
S. Eligio degli Orefice (design 1514-15) reflects it.

Cartoon of St. Paul preaching. Stoa on left, temple on right.

Vatican Loggie, begun by Bramante 1507. modified and decorated by
     Raphael after 1514.

(Palazzo Pandolfini, Florence, 1516)

Palazzo Branconio dell'Aquila, in the Vatican Borgo, summer 1518. for
     Giambattista Branconio, friend of Raphael, ex-goldsmith and chamberlain
     at papal court. Rich decoration. Permanent version of decorations that
     adorned palaces for inauguration ceremony of Leo X..
Villa Madama, Rome, begun August 1518 for Leo X and Cardinal Giulio de
     Medici. Loggia for Cardinals collection of ancient sculpture.
     (1517, with Antonio da Sangallo, city planning project for the Via
     Ripetta connecting Piazza del Popolo and palazzo Madama, creates the
     "bivio", or forking of streets, at piazza that in 1534 was expanded to
     a trident of streets (trivio) by Paul III.)

The Golden House of Nero:

1520 project for multiple palace, worthy of a cardinal and Raphael may
     have had expectations of a cardinalcy (a cardinal's hat).
Raphael kept Fabio Calvo in his house who was producing an Italian
     language translation of Vitruvius. Raphael is also the author of a
     letter to Leo X describing a method for surveying the ruins of
     antiquity. Part of project which he kept men employed at, of recording
     ancient patrimony.
House of Rapheal architect Antonio da Sangallo, the younger:

In Class additions:

Pal. Cancelleria 1480's
Pal. Baldassini 1516-17 by Antonio de San Gallo, the younger