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@center(@p(@u(Frequent Commands in UNIX)))

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@b{cd} @\@i{Changes directories} -- Directory, subdirectory, and file names are separated by "/"'s.  Your home directory is named the same as your username.  All user accounts are under the directory "/mit".  For example a subdirectory in my (irbusch's) home directory is listed by the pathname " /mit/irbusch/Mail ".

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@b{exit}@\@i{Gets you out of a window} -- If you are in a window other than the window that appeared when you first logged in, then typing "exit" will simply remove that window.  If you are in the login window and you aren't running a program elsewhere, then "exit" will log you off Athena.  If you do have something running elsewhere, or @i(there are stopped jobs), then typing "exit" a second time will give athena the idea you mean business.

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@b(xclock &)@\@i(Creates a clock on the screen) -- This command will create a clock on the screen.  It is placed with the mouse keys (see Making Windows).  There are several options available:

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@b(xclock -rev &) makes a clock in reverse video.

@b(xclock -update 1 &) gives you a second hand.

@b(xclock -digital &) gives you a digital clock.

@b(xclock -chime &) will ring twice on the hour and once on the half-hour.
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@\You can combine these commands, for example: "xclock -rev -update 1 &".  The clock will automatically disapear when you log out.

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@b(xcalc &)@\@i(Creates a calculator) -- This command creates a calculator on the screen that you can operate by pressing the left mouse button on the calculator "keys".  You can't change the size, so just place it with the left mouse button.  You can make an HP calculator with @b(xcalc -rpn &), but don't trust it for calculations involving parentheses.

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@b(cp)@\@i(Copies a file) -- When you use this command you can make additional identical copies of a file with different filenames and even in different directories.  For example if I wanted to make a copy of the file Howdy.mss and call the new one Hello.mss, and keep them in the same directory, I would write:

@center(@b(cp Howdy.mss Hello.mss))

@\To copy Howdy from my subdirectory text.dir into my subdirectory TAship.dir I would type:

@center(@b(cp /mit/irbusch/text.dir/Howdy.mss 

/mit/irbusch/TAship.dir/Hello.mss)) 

@\Except it should all be on the same line.

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@b(mv)@\@i(Moves a file) -- The equivilent to @i(rename) on VMS systems.  It works just like @b(cp):, @b(mv) @i(old_name) @i(new_name).

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@b(rm)@\@i(Deletes a file) -- Just type @b(rm) @i(filename) and its gone forever.

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@b(passwd)@\@i(Changes your password) -- Just follow the instructions.
 
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