=head1 NAME remctl, remctl_result_free - Simple remctl call to a remote server =head1 SYNOPSIS #include struct remctl_result * B(const char *I, unsigned short I, const char *I, const char **I); void B(struct remctl_result *I); =head1 DESCRIPTION remctl() provides a simplified client API for the remctl protocol. Given the host, port, service principal for authentication, and command to run, it opens a connection to the remote system, sends the command via the remctl protocol, reads the results, closes the connection, and returns the result as a remctl_result struct. I is a hostname or IP address and must be non-NULL. I is the port to connect to; if 0, the library first attempts to connect to the registered port of 4373 and then tries the legacy port of 4444 if that fails. Future versions of the library will drop this fallback to 4444. I is the service principal to use for authentication; if NULL, C> is used, with the realm determined by domain-realm mapping. I is the command to run as a NULL-terminated array of nul-terminated strings. If no principal is specified and the default is used, the underlying GSS-API library may canonicalize I via DNS before determining the service principal, depending on your library configuration. Specifying a principal disables this behavior. The remctl protocol uses Kerberos v5 via GSS-API for authentication. The underlying GSS-API library will use the default ticket cache for authentication, so to successfully use remctl(), the caller should already have Kerberos tickets for an appropriate realm stored in its default ticket cache. The environment variable KRB5CCNAME can be used to control which ticket cache is used. remctl() returns a newly allocated remctl_result struct, which has the following members: struct remctl_result { char *error; /* remctl error if non-NULL. */ char *stdout_buf; /* Standard output. */ size_t stdout_len; /* Length of standard output. */ char *stderr_buf; /* Standard error. */ size_t stderr_len; /* Length of standard error. */ int status; /* Exit status of remote command. */ }; If error is non-NULL, a protocol error occurred and the command was not successfully completed. Otherwise, standard output from the command will be stored in stdout_buf with the length in stdout_len, standard error from the command will be stored in stderr_buf with the length in stderr_len, and status will hold the exit status of the command. Following the standard Unix convention, a 0 status should normally be considered success and any non-zero status should normally be considered failure, although a given command may have its own exit status conventions. remctl_result_free() frees the remctl_result struct when the calling program is through with it. If you want more control over the steps of the protocol, if you want to issue multiple commands on the same connection, or if you need to send data as part of the command that contains nuls, use the full API described in remctl_new(3), remctl_open(3), remctl_commandv(3), and remctl_output(3). =head1 RETURN VALUE remctl() returns NULL on failure to allocate a new remctl_result struct or on failure to allocate space to store an error message. Otherwise, it returns a newly allocated remctl_result struct with either an error message in the error field or the results of the command filled out as described above. If remctl() returns NULL, errno will be set to an appropriate error code (generally ENOMEM). =head1 CAVEATS If the I argument to remctl() is NULL, most GSS-API libraries will canonicalize the I using DNS before deriving the principal name from it. This means that when connecting to a remctl server via a CNAME, remctl() will normally authenticate using a principal based on the canonical name of the host instead of the specified I parameter. This behavior may cause problems if two consecutive DNS lookups of I may return two different results, such as with some DNS-based load-balancing systems. The canonicalization behavior is controlled by the GSS-API library; with the MIT Kerberos GSS-API library, canonicalization can be disabled by setting C to false in the [libdefaults] section of F. It can also be disabled by passing an explicit Kerberos principal name via the I argument, which will then be used without changes. If canonicalization is desired, the caller may wish to canonicalizae I before calling remctl() to avoid problems with multiple DNS calls returning different results. The default behavior, when a port of 0 is given, of trying 4373 and falling back to 4444 will be removed in a future version of this library in favor of using the C service in F if set and then falling back on only 4373. 4444 was the poorly-chosen original remctl port and should be phased out. =head1 NOTES The remctl port number, 4373, was derived by tracing the diagonals of a QWERTY keyboard up from the letters C to the number row. =head1 SEE ALSO remctl_new(3), remctl_open(3), remctl_command(3), remctl_commandv(3), remctl_output(3), remctl_close(3) The current version of the remctl library and complete details of the remctl protocol are available from its web page at L. =head1 AUTHOR Russ Allbery =cut