\def\Date{92/05/08}
\def\Version{0.92}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sem-user.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%% COPYRIGHT 1992, by Timothy Van Zandt, tvz@Princeton.EDU
%%
%% Copying of part or all of any file in the seminar.sty package
%% is allowed under the following conditions only:
%% (1) You may freely distribute unchanged copies of the files. Please
%%     include the documentation when you do so.
%% (2) You may modify a renamed copy of any file, but only for personal
%%     use or use within an organization.
%% (3) You may copy fragments from the files, for personal use or for use
%%     in a macro package for distribution, as long as credit is given
%%     where credit is due.
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%% You are NOT ALLOWED to take money for the distribution or use of
%% these files or modified versions or fragments thereof, except for
%% a nominal charge for copying etc.
%%
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%%
%% This LaTeX file prints the User's Guide for seminar.sty.
%% You must also have Frank Mittelbach's
%%     newdoc.sty, doc.sty, multicol.sty, and gind.ist
%% (available from rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de), as well as
%%     my tvz-hax.sty and either Rokicki's dvidvi or my 2up.tex.
%%
%% gind.ist is for making the index. I.e., makeindex -s gind.ist seminar.idx
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%% I suggest you give up before wasting any more time. This user's guide
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%% sem-user.dvi
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\begin{document}
\def\thetitle{{\tt seminar.sty}: User's Guide}
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\begin{center}
{\LARGE\tt seminar.sty}:\\[5pt]
{\large\bf A \LaTeX{} style for slides and notes}\\[7pt]
{\LARGE\bf\em User's Guide}\par
\vskip 1.5em
Timothy Van Zandt\footnote{Author's address: Department of Economics,
  Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1021, USA.
 Internet: {\tt tvz@Princeton.EDU}}
\vskip 1em
{\large \thefiledate\\ Version \fileversion\par}
\end{center} \par
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\vfill
|seminar.sty| is a \LaTeX{} document style for typesetting slides or
transparencies, and accompanying notes. It has many advantages over
\SliTeX. Here are some of the style's special features:
\begin{itemize}
\item You can use any fonts that work with \LaTeX, including PostScript
    fonts and \AmS{}Fonts.
\item Slides can be landscape and portrait within the same file.
\item Color is supported through PostScript.
\item It is a \LaTeX{} style, rather than another format.
\item It is compatible with \AmS-\LaTeX.
\item The slides can have a frame and a colored background.
\item The magnification can be changed with a single command.
\item Overlays can be produced from a single slide environment.
\item Accompanying notes, such as the text of a presentation, can be put
    outside the slide environments. The slides, notes or both together
    can then be typeset in a variety of formats.
\end{itemize}
Some of these features require a PostScript output device.
\vspace*{1ex}

\tableofcontents

\section*{Getting Started}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Getting Started}

 Some of these instructions refer to the installation of the |seminar.sty|
package, but even if the package has already been installed for you, you
should read this page. You may find the instructions easier to follow if you
skim this User's Guide first. When you run into problems, look for help in
Appendix A.

 The files that are part of the |seminar.sty| package are listed in Appendix
\ref{files}. Be sure that the inputs are in a directory where your \TeX{}
looks for input files.

 Before using |seminar.sty|, you should decide what fonts you want to use.
Read Appendix B for instruction. Don't proceed without doing this, because on
some systems you can otherwise end up generating font bitmaps that you will
not use again.

 If you have a PostScript dvi driver, then you probably will want to use the
|semcolor| option, or at least the |semrot| option. See Appendix C for
details. Note especially that you must install PSTricks before using the
|semcolor| option.

 If your dvi driver supports a |\special| for landscape printing, then you can
define |\landscape| in the preamble of your document to invoke this command.
E.g., for |dvips| put the line
\begin{Ex}
|\renewcommand{\landscape}{\special{landscape}}|
\end{Ex}
 in the preamble. Otherwise, |seminar.sty| will display a message reminding
you to print your document in landscape mode, when appropriate.

 You can put customizations to |seminar.sty| in a file named |seminar.con|.
E.g., |seminar.con| might contain the following lines:
\begin{Ex}
|\input semhelv.sty|\\
|\input semcolor.sty|\\
|\renewcommand{\landscape}{\special{landscape}}|\\
|\endinput|
\end{Ex}

\clearpage
\pagenumbering{arabic}

\section{Just slides}

 |seminar.sty| is a \LaTeX{} document style for typesetting slides, and more.
In Section \ref{notes}, you will learn how to include accompanying notes in
your document, and in Section \ref{article} you will learn how to print out
the document as if it were an article, for distribution or for proofreading.
But for now, we'll assume that all you want to do is typeset some slides for
printing onto transparencies.

 The environment |slide|\SEI{slide} takes its contents and makes a landscape
slide. The environment |slide*|\SEI{slide*} makes a portrait slide. The fact
that starred version makes portrait slides should be a sign that landscape is
the ``default'' or ``standard'' orientation, and portrait is ``special''. This
is a convention; it does not restrict what you can do.

 By default, your document is printed in landscape mode, unless you include
|portrait| as a style option. If you have both landscape and portrait slides
in your document, you can first print out the landscape slides by putting the
command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\landscapeonly"
\end{Ex}
 in the preamble, and then you can print out the portrait slides by putting
the command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\portraitonly"
\end{Ex}
in the preamble and using the |portrait| style option.

 If you are lucky, though, your dvi driver supports rotation and you are using
some macros, such as the |semrot| or |semcolor| style option (Appendix C),
that set up rotation for |seminar.sty|. In that case, the portrait slides are
rotated left, unless you are using the |portrait| option, in which case the
landscape slides are the ones that are rotated. Either way, you can print out
all your slides in one shot.

 The headers and footers usually aren't rotated, but you can get them to
rotate by using the command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\rotateheaderstrue"
\end{Ex}
 (\sui\rotateheadersfalse" switches back to not rotating them). When you do
this, the slides should look pretty much the same whether or not you use the
|portrait| style option $\ldots$ except on you previewer.\footnote{The
rotation of headers may not work properly if your margins are not symmetric.}

You can change the direction in which the slides are rotated using the command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\sliderotation\M{direction}"
\end{Ex}
 Valid arguments depend on your macros for implementing rotation, but probably
include |left|, |right|, |down| and |none|.

Slides can be framed. The command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\slideframe\M{style}"
\end{Ex}
 specifies the frame style to use. Valid frame styles are |none| and |plain|,
unless you use macros that define additional styles (e.g., the |semcolor|
option). |plain| is the default style. The |plain| style makes a black frame
whose thickness is the length
\begin{quote}
\sui\slideframewidth" (default=4pt)
\end{quote}
and whose distance from the slide is the length
\begin{quote}
\sui\slideframesep" (default=.4in)
\end{quote}

 The rotation and framing of slides are things that happen at the end of the
slide environment. You can reset any of the parameters (e.g.,
|\sliderotation|, |\rotateheaderstrue|, |\slideframesep|) within a slide, and
the change will affect that slide only.

 The counter for slides is |slides|. The default definition of |\theslide| is
|\arabic{slide}|. You can use |\label| and |\ref| to cross-reference slides,
and the page number in slide environments is set to |\theslide|.

 The page styles |empty|, |plain|, |headings| and |myheadings| work like in
\LaTeX's article style. There is also a page style |align| which puts |+|
signs in the corners, like in \SliTeX.\footnote{See question \ref{Pagestyle}
in Section \ref{tips} for suggestions on defining new page styles.} You can
change the size of the fonts used in heading and footers by setting the
commands \sui\slideheadfont" and \sui\slidefootfont" to the desired size (but
any explicit font declarations in a page style override these commands). The
default definition of |\slideheadfont| and |\slidefootfont| is |\scriptsize|.
This can be changed using |\renewcommand|.

\section{Page parameters}

 The default values of the page parameters are listed in Section
\ref{pageparameters} of the {\em Documented Code}. You rarely need to change
these for slides, because these parameters determine the position of the
headers and footers, not the dimensions of the slides.

The dimensions of the slides are set by the lengths
\begin{quote}
\sui\slidewidth" and \sui\slideheight"
\end{quote}
 The ``width'' refers to the width a slide when looking at it in landscape
orientation, whether it is a landscape or portrait slide (and the same goes
for ``height''). The default width is 8.5 inches and the default height is 6.3
inches.

 \label{slidedim}Since the dimensions of a slide are fixed at the beginning of
the slide environment, changing the values of |\slidewidth| and |\slideheight|
within a slide environment won't have any effect. However, the slide
environments have an optional argument that lets you change the dimensions of
a single slide, as in
\begin{Ex}
|\begin{slide*}[7.5in,6in]|
\end{Ex}
 The first dimension is the slide's ``width'', and the second dimension is the
slides ``height''. If you remember what we said about what ``width'' and
``height'' mean, you will see that the above example begins a portrait slide
that is 7.5 inches high and 6 inches wide.

 If you put in more material than fits in a slide, the slide still won't
continue on to the next page. Instead, you will just get a warning on your
display about an overfull |\vbox|.


\section{Magnification}

 |seminar.sty| resets \TeX's magnification parameter in order to get
everything to be so big, compared to the output you get when typesetting an
article. This means, for example, that if you paste some input from a paper
you are writing with \LaTeX" into a slide, it will look pretty much the same
in the slide except that it is magnified. For example, |\vspace*{.5in}|
produces a space that gets bigger along with the fonts and everything else. Of
course, it won't look identical, since |seminar.sty| uses its own spacing
parameters and margins.

 The default magnification is $1.2^4$ (i.e, |\magstep4|), but you can change
this with the command,
\begin{Ex}
\sui\slidesmag\M{mag}"
\end{Ex}
 \m{mag} should be an integer between $-5$ and 9. This produces a
magnification of $1.2^{mag}$.


\section{Font sizes}

 The |\slidesmag| command lets you change the magnification of your document.
You can effectively fine tune the magnification by using the |11pt| and |12pt|
style options. For example, instead of increasing the magnification from 4 to
5, you can switch to the |12pt| style option. There are differences---e.g.,
magnification affects the space you get from |\hspace{1in}|---but the fonts
will at least be roughly the same size either way. The |11pt| option gives a
half-step, kind of like |\slidesmag{4.5}|, if the latter were permitted.

 Sometimes you want to use smaller font sizes for a single slide, in order to
fit in that little bit of extra material, or to use larger font sizes, so that
the few things you have to say on a slide don't look too lonely. You can't do
this by changing the magnification midstream, but you can do it by putting the
command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\ptsize\M{n}"
\end{Ex}
 at the beginning a slide environment. $n$ should be 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, and
the effect is similar to using the $n$|pt| option (never mind that this is
legal style option only for $n$ = 11 or 12), but localized to the slide where
the command is used


\section{Setting lengths}

 Magnification does mean that you have to take special care when using
dimensions. Suppose the magnification is $1.2^5=2.488$. When you set
|\parskip| to 5pt, the |\parskip| will end up being $2.488\times5$ points on
the transparency, and when you write |\rule{1pt}{4cm}|, you actually get a
horizontal line that is $2.488\times4$ centimeters long.

 For spacing, like the parameter |\parindent| or using |\\[2pt]| to add a
little extra space between lines, this is great, because it is easier to think
in unmagnified dimensions. Setting |\parindent| to |.5cm| will look the same
(relative to everything else) whatever the magnification.

 For page parameters like |\topmargin| and |\textwidth|, this is a pain,
because you know you want, say, a $-1$cm top margin, but if the top margin is
going to be magnified, you first have to divide the value by the
magnification. Fear not, though, because |seminar.sty| automatically scales
all the page parameters (listed on page 163 of Lamport's {\em \LaTeX" User's
Guide and Reference Manual}) at the beginning of the document.
 Thus, when you set a page parameter in the preamble of the document, set it
at the value you want to get when the document is printed.\footnote{Lamport
warns that resetting page parameters in the middle of the document is tricky;
here it is more so, because you do have to worry about scaling it yourself.
But you can use {\tt\s\setslidelength} for this.}

 There are a few other parameters that are also automatically scaled for you:
|\slidewidth|, |\slideheight|, |\slideframewidth|, and |\slideframesep|.

 For the remaining cases, where you know how big you want something to be on
the transparency but you don't want to do the division yourself, the commands
\begin{Ex}
\sui\setslidelength\M{cmd}\M{len}"\\
\sui\addtoslidelength\M{cmd}\M{len}"
\end{Ex}
 are provided. These are analogous to \LaTeX's |\setlength| and |\addtolength|
commands, but they scale their second argument so that the length you give is
the length you end up with after magnification.\footnote{You can't use these
to set rubber lengths (e.g., {\tt 3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}), but rubber lengths
are used for spacing, and as noted, spacing is easier to set in unmagnified
dimensions.}

 For example, suppose the you want to include a postscript file in a slide
using the |epsf.sty| macros, and you want it to be 6 inches wide. Then this
will do the trick:
\begin{Ex}
|\setslidelength{\epsfxsize}{6in}|\\
|\epsffile{mypic.eps}|
\end{Ex}
 You might also use |\setslidelength| to set |\unitlength| for the |picture|
environment.

 You can also set the length |\ul| using |\setslidelength|, and then use it
like a unit of measure. For example,
\begin{Ex}
|\setslidelength{\ul}{1in}|\\
|\parbox{3\ul}{Blah, blah, blah}|\\
|\rule{2\ul}{1pt}|
\end{Ex}
 will make a |\parbox| that is 3 inches wide on the transparency, and then a
vertical line that is 2 inches high.

 Those of you who are in the know may wonder why there is no mention of |true|
dimensions (those who aren't needn't worry). For an explanation, see Section
\ref{article}.

\section{Selectively including or excluding slides}

The commands
\begin{Ex}
\sui\onlyslides\M{list}"\\
\sui\notslides\M{list}"
\end{Ex}
 can be used to include or exclude only those slides in the given list. The
argument should expand to a comma-separated list of numbers or ranges. The
numbers do not need to be in order, the list can contain numbers that do not
correspond to any slide, and there can be duplicate numbers. Negative numbers
should be enclosed in curly braces. Since the argument is first expanded, you
can use the |\ref| command in the argument. For example,
\begin{Ex}
|\onlyslides{{-2},\ref{dp}-10,\ref{chart},0,17-999}|
\end{Ex}
 is legal. If |\label{dp}| appears in slide 5 and |\label{chart}| appears in
slide 12, this is equivalent to:
\begin{Ex}
|\onlyslides{{-2},5-10,12,0,17-999}|
\end{Ex}


\section{Notes}

 In addition to slides, you can include a few comments following each slide to
remind you of what to say, or even the entire text of your presentation for
you own benefit or to be distributed to others. These comments or text do not
go inside any special environment.

 When including notes this way, you have to include one of the following style
options, which determine what is printed:
\begin{description}
\item[\soi{slidesonly}] Only the slides are printed.
\item[\soi{notes}] Both notes and slides are printed.
\item[\soi{notesonly}] Only the notes are printed.
\end{description}
These style options are referred to as {\em selections} in this documentation.

 A new page of notes starts following each slide. The pages of notes following
slide 5 are numbers 5.1, 5.2, etc.

 You can use the |portrait| option to print out your notes, even if you don't
use this option when printing the slides.

 |seminar.sty| lets you also set most of the spacing parameters to different
values for the slides and the notes. Since the notes are not enclosed within
an environment, they use the values that are in effect globally. The slide
environments then reset the parameters in order to customize these
environments. See Section \ref{everyslide} of the {\em Documented Code} for
the default values to which they are set.

 The command \sui\everyslide" is invoked at the beginning of each slide
environment. By defining this command appropriately, you can change the
default values of the spacing parameters.

For example, if you put
\begin{Ex}
|\setlength{\parindent}{1em}|
\end{Ex}
 in the preamble of the document, the value of |\parindent| changes only for
the notes. If you put this command at the beginning of a slide environment,
the value changes for that slide only. If you put
\begin{Ex}
|\renewcommand{\everyslide}{\setlength{\parindent}{1em}}|
\end{Ex}
 in the preamble of the document, then the value of |\parindent| changes for
all the slides (but not the notes).

 You can also use the |11pt| or |12pt| option, without changing the size of
the fonts in the slides. The command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\slidefontsizes\M{n}"
\end{Ex}
 is like putting |\ptsize|\M{n} at the beginning of every slide environment.
For example, suppose that the |12pt| document style option is used, but the
preamble contains the command
\begin{Ex}
|\slidefontsizes{11}|
\end{Ex}
and the second slide begins with the command\
\begin{Ex}
|\ptsize{9}|
\end{Ex}
 Then the notes use the |12pt| font size declarations, all the slides but the
second one use the |11pt| font size declarations, and the second slide uses
the |9pt| font size declarations.

 Finally, it is even possible to use a different page style for notes and
slides. The page style for notes is set as usual by the |\pagestyle| and
|\thispagestyle| commands. The command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\slidepagestyle\M{style}"
\end{Ex}
 sets a different page style for the slides. If the argument is empty, then
the page style for slides reverts to the one for notes. There is no
|\thisslidepagestyle| command because when the |\slidepagestyle| command is
used within a slide environment, only the page style for that slide is
changed.


\section{How notes are omitted\label{omit}}

 Recall that notes are not enclosed in an environment. |seminar.sty| omits
notes using special macros\footnote{Defined in {\tt xcomment.sty}} that
comment out everything {\em outside} the slide environments (and a few other
environments mentioned below).

First, a few technicalities that have to do with the way the macros work:
\begin{enumerate}
 \item The text that follows the beginning of a slide environment {\em must
have balanced curly braces}.
 \item Any file that you |\input| must end with |\endinput| (this is a good
practice anyway).\footnote{Inputting of files not yet implemented.}
 \item A temporary file, |\jobname.tmp|, is created (this is of no
consequence---just in case you wanted to know where it comes from).
\end{enumerate}

 With the |notesonly| selection, the slides are not printed, but they are
processed. This means that one can refer in the notes to slides or to
equations in slides, writing, for example,
\begin{Ex}
$\ldots$ |equation (\ref{bellman}) on slide \ref{dp}| $\ldots$
\end{Ex}
 even when the slides are not printed.\footnote{However, the page references
are generally not accurate when using the {\tt article} style option.}

 However, when the notes are not printed, they not processed at all. This
means that you cannot put a reference in a slide to something that is in the
notes, but who would want to do this anyway? The real problem is that you
might want to make a global change to one of the slide parameters, but if you
include it in a slide environment, the change will be local, and if you
include it in the notes, the change won't be processed when the notes are
omitted.

 To get around this problem, an environment \sei{allversions*} is provided. It
is processed even when notes are omitted, and any parameter changes or command
definitions made within the environment are global. Don't generate any output
within this environment.

 On a rare occasion you might want to include some text that should be typeset
even when the other notes are omitted (e.g., a list of the slides, or a cover
page). The \sei{allversions} environment is provided for this purpose. It also
is processed even when the notes are omitted.

 If you do any serious hacking, you might want to add to the list of
environments that should be included with the |slidesonly| selection. Do this
with the command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\addtoslideslist\M{list}"
\end{Ex}
where \m{list} is a comma separated list of environments, without spaces.


\section{The {\tt article} style option}

 With the \SOI{article}|article| style {\em option}, your document is typeset
somewhat like it would be with \LaTeX's |article| style, except that a few
spacing and page parameters are changed. The |article| option is also referred
to in this documentation as the article {\em format}. Without the |article|
option, you get the |slides| format.

You can change the magnification with the command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\articlemag\M{mag}"
\end{Ex}
which works like the |\slidesmag| command (page \pageref{+slidesmag}).

 The |article| style option is useful for printing drafts of your document,
for printing your slides and/or notes for distribution to the audience, and
for fitting more slides on your screen when previewing. The actual effect of
the |article| option depends on the selection, on whether slides are rotated,
and on whether you are using the |portrait| option.

 Without the |portrait| option, here is what you get for each selection:
\begin{description}
 \item[slidesonly] The slides are centered horizontally and vertically, as
many as will fit on a page. If slides are rotated and you use the default page
parameters and magnifications in |seminar.sty|, then you get two slides per
page.
\item[notesonly] The notes are typeset as if they formed a continuous article.
 \item[notes] This is like with the |notesonly| selection, but the slides are
floated, as if they were figures.
\end{description}

 With the |portrait| option, the document is typeset in landscape mode in a
two-column format. Slides, when included, are centered horizontally and
vertically, one per column. Landscape slides that are not rotated will not fit
right. If you cannot rotate the slides and are combining landscape and
portrait slides in the same file, then don't use the |portrait| and |article|
options together. Even if you can rotate slides, you may prefer to simply
switch off rotation when using the |article| option rather than also using the
|portrait| option.

 As mentioned, the slides are floated in the |article| format with the |notes|
selection. Floats do not work well if there is only a little text in between
(e.g., the floats may accumulate until capacity is exceeded). If you only have
a few notes, use the |slidesonly| option instead of the |notes| option, but
include the command |\fewnotes| in the preamble. The end result is like the
|notes| selection, but with slide always printed on their own pages.

 As with the |slides| format, the page parameters are scaled at the beginning
of the document so that they can be set with their true dimensions in the
preamble. As long as you have not used \TeX's |true| dimensions, the slides
and everything in them are scaled proportionately.

There are
\begin{Ex}
\sui\setartlength\M{cmd}\M{len}\\
\sui\addtoartlength\M{cmd}\M{len}
\end{Ex}
 commands that are analogous to the |\setslidelength| and |\setartlength|
commands, but they scale the lengths so that they end up at the specified size
after magnification in the |article| format. You never would use such a
command in slide environments or to set slide parameters, but you might use
these in the notes if you were planning on typesetting your notes with the
|article| format rather than the |slides| format.

 Commands that are irrelevant in the |article| format, such as
|\slidepagestyle|, are simply ignored. The idea is that it should be possible
to switch back and forth between the two formats without making any other
changes in the document. However, this is not entirely possible. If you change
the |\parindent| or the |\textwidth| in the preamble, this will affect both
formats. You can get around this using some conditionals, described on page
\pageref{conditionals}.


\section{Slide styles}

 The {\em slide style} determines what captions or labels are added to the
slides. The command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\slidestyle\M{style}"
\end{Ex}
sets the slide style; it works like the |\slidepagestyle| command.

There are three predefined slide styles:
\begin{description}
\item[\tt empty] No captions or labels are used.
 \item[\tt plain] ``Slide |\theslide|'' is placed on the left side of each
slide. You can change the caption be redefining \sui\slidelabel".
 \item[\tt plainbottom] This slide style is like |\plain|, but the caption is
placed on the bottom of each slide.
\end{description}

 Slide styles are really meant to be used with the |article| format, since the
page styles in the |slides| format serve the same role. The default slide
style is thus |empty| in the |slides| format, and |plain| in the other
formats.

 Defining new slide styles is slightly trickier than new page styles. See
Section \ref{slidestyles} of the {\em Documented Code} for guidance.


\section{Other style options\label{options}}

 The style options described so far, |portrait|, |article|, |slidesonly|,
|notes|, and |notesonly|, were designed specifically for |seminar.sty|. There
are other such style options described in this documentation: |2up| (page
\pageref{2up}), |semrol| (page \pageref{semcolor}), |semcolor| (page
\pageref{semcolor}), |semhelv| (page \pageref{semhelv}), and |semlcmss| (page
\pageref{semlcmss}).

There is also a |sem-a4| option.

 There is a |slidesec| option distributed with |seminar.sty| that sets up some
sectionion/heading commands for slides, and lets you print a list of slides or
a table of contents. See the file |slidesec| for details.

 It is impossible to predict, much less describe, the consequences of using
all the other available \LaTeX{} style option with each selection and format.
Some things should be obvious, such as that you shouldn't use the |twocolumn|
option with the |slides| format.

 Since this document style is an extension of \LaTeX's |article| style, style
options and commands that do not work with \SliTeX{} may well work here. Just
about any style option that works with \LaTeX's |article| style will work with
the |article| format.

 When unsure of the effect of an option, just try it and see for yourself what
happens.


\appendix


\section{Overlays\label{overlays}}

 Like slide rotation, overlays must be implemented by additional macros.
However, there is an interface for overlays that is built into |seminar.sty|.
For example, the |semcolor| style option, defined in the next appendix,
implements overlays using this interface. It is conceivable that other
implementations of overlays will be written that also use this interface. This
section describes the interface only. You should check the documentation of
your implementing macros for additional details.

 Overlays have two purposes. First, you can use overlays to gradually add
layers of information on a slide during a presentation. Second, you can use
overlays to make color layers; each layer is printed in black-on-white on
paper, and then you use some kind of color copying service to put each layer
on a transparency in a different color. This is not nearly as nice as having a
color printer or using a color printing service, but it's the next best thing.

 |seminar.sty| lets you make both types of overlays (and the main slide) from
a single slide environment. The command\footnote{You can also write
{\tt\s\begin\S{overlay}\M{n}} $\ldots$ {\tt\s\end\S{overlay}}.}
\begin{Ex}
\{\sui\overlay\M{n}" $\ldots$ \}
\end{Ex}
 puts whatever is in its scope on overlay $n$, where $n=0,\ldots,9$. Actually,
overlay 0 refers to the main slide, but you might use |\overlay{0}| because
overlay commands can be nested. As implemented by the |semcolor| style option,
these overlay commands can be used just about anywhere, including in math
mode, tables, and around an included graphics file. Also, it is all right to
use non-consecutive overlay numbers.

 For color overlays, you have to start by defining some colors using the
command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\colorlayers\M{colors}"
\end{Ex}
 \m{colors} should be a comma separated list of color names, without spaces,
as in
\begin{Ex}
|\colorlayers{red,green,blue}|
\end{Ex}
 Then you can use the command |\red| just like the command |\overlay|\M{n};
everything in its scope goes on a red color layer.

 The |\colorlayers| command obeys the usual rules on scope. You can use this
command anytime, including in a slide environment. The command is cumulative,
meaning that previously defined color layers continue to be defined. The
command was purposely defined so that it does not complain when a color name
is already defined; this makes it easier to switch from some other color
system to a layer system. However, you should be careful not to inadvertently
redefine some command that you need. Fortunately, there are no \TeX{}
primitives whose names are the names of colors.

 When you print out the slides, the main slide is printed, followed by each of
the color layers (if any) for the main slide. Then each of the overlays is
printed, together with each of its color layers. Only overlays or color layers
that are actually used (i.e., that are not empty) are printed.

You can turn overlays and color layers on and off with the commands
\begin{Ex}
\sui\overlaystrue", \sui\overlaysfalse",\\
\sui\layerstrue" and \sui\layersfalse".
\end{Ex}
 These commands can be used at any time, and they obey the usual scoping
rules. The default is for overlays to be active in the |slides| format and
suppressed in the |article| format.

 The counter |overlay| keeps track of the overlays. |\theoverlay| is defined
to be |\theslide-\alph{overlay}|. Overlays can be cross-referenced.
|\thelayer| makes a label for layers. |\thelayer| is defined to be
|\theoverlay-|\m{layer}. Color layers cannot be cross-referenced.

 For example, if slide 7 has overlays 1 and 2 and colors |red| and |green|,
then the main slide is numbered 7, followed by layers 7-red and 7-green,
followed by overlay 7-a, followed by layers 7-a-red and 7-a-green, followed by
overlay 7-b, followed by layers 7-b-red and 7-b-green.

 By default, the slide style used for a slide's overlays is the same as the
one used for the main slide, and the slide style used for a slide's or
overlay's color layers is the same one used for the slide or overlay. However,
you can set special styles for the overlays or layers with the commands:
\begin{Ex}
\sui\overlaystyle\M{style}"\\
\sui\layerstyle\M{style}"
\end{Ex}
 These work like |\slidestyle|. An empty argument switches back to using the
slide style of the ``owner.'' The |plain| and |plainbottom| slide styles adapt
themselves to overlays and layers: the caption used for overlays is ``Overlay
|\theoverlay|'', and the caption used for color layers is ``Layer
|\thelayer|''.

 Similarly, by default the overlays and layers use the same page styles in the
|slides| format as their ``owner.'' You can specify special page styles with
the commands:
\begin{Ex}
\sui\overlaypagestyle\M{style}"\\
\sui\layerpagestyle\M{style}"
\end{Ex}

 Finally, by default the overlays and layers use the same frame style as their
``owner.'' You can specify special frame styles with the commands:
\begin{Ex}
\sui\overlayframe\M{style}"\\
\sui\layerframe\M{style}"
\end{Ex}
 You can also include special changes to the parameters that affect the
framing macros by including them as an optional first argument, enclosed in
square brackets. For example, the file |semcolor.sty| contains the line
\begin{Ex}
|\overlayframe[\renewcommand{\slidefillcolor}{none}]%|\\
|  {semcolor}|
\end{Ex}
 This indicates that the frame style |semcolor| should be used for overlays,
but the background should not be filled even if it is filled on the main
slide.


\clearpage
\section{The {\tt semcolor} and {\tt semrot} style options}

 The |semcolor| option sets up an interface between |seminar.sty| and
|pstricks.tex|. |pstricks.tex| is a collection of PostScript macros for \TeX.
It works with |dvips|, and maybe other dvi-to-ps drivers. You can probably get
the PSTricks package from wherever you obtained |seminar.sty|. See the
documentation of PSTricks, distributed as |pst-user.ps|, for additional
information on the features described below and for a description of other
useful macros.

The \soi{semcolor} style option implements the following features:
\begin{description}
 \item[Color] There are commands for defining new colors. The colors |black|,
|darkgray|, |gray|, |lightgray|, |white|, |red|, |green|, |blue|, |cyan|,
|magenta|, and |yellow| are predefined, and there are macros for defining new
colors. Once a color |foo| is defined, then the command |\foo| can be used
like |\rm| or |\large| to change the color of whatever is in its scope, and
you can set the |\slideframecolor| to |foo|.
\item[Overlays] These use the interface described in Appendix \ref{overlays}.
 \item[Rotation] The rotations |left|, |right|, |down| and |none| are defined.
|left| is the default.
 \item[Framing] The frame style |semcolor| is defined. In addition to the
parameters |\slideframewidth| and |\slideframesep|, it uses the parameters:
\begin{description}
 \xitem{\slideframearc} A number which when multiplied by the minimum of the
width and height of the frame gives the radius of the arc used to form the
corners (default = .15).
\xitem{\slideframecolor} The frame color (default = |black|).
\xitem{\slidefillcolor} The background color (default = |none|).
\end{description}
\end{description}

 PSTricks is a rather large package. If you only want the rotation, then you
can instead use the |semrot| option, which implements the rotations |left|,
|right| and |down| for users of Rokicki's |dvips|.

\clearpage
\section{Fonts\label{fonts}}

\subsection{Choosing fonts\label{choosingfonts}}
 This is a \LaTeX{} style, and you can use whatever fonts that are compatible
with \LaTeX, which basically means any fonts that can be used with \TeX. For
example, \AmS Fonts, with or without \AmS-\LaTeX, can be used with
|seminar.sty|.

 So that you can use different fonts for the notes and the slides (if you
want), the command |\slidefonts| is invoked at the beginning of every slide
environment. Define it to set up any special fonts for the slides.

 |\slidefonts| is automatically invoked at the beginning of the document
(rather than at the beginning of each slide) in the |slides| format, under the
assumption that fonts that are good for slides are probably good for printing
notes at a very large magnification. However, you can suppress this by putting
the command |\slidefontsfalse| in the preamble.

 |\slidefonts| is initially defined not to do anything at all. It is up to you
to decide what special fonts you want to use. Here is a list of possibilities
(guaranteed to be exhaustive):
\begin{enumerate}
 \item The regular old Computer Modern fonts that you probably grew up on. For
this, you don't have to do anything at all. Ain't that easy? But see the next
section about font bitmaps.

 \item PostScript Helvetica text fonts for the slides, and CM for the notes.
For this, you need a PostScript printer and a dvi-to-ps driver that supports
PostScript fonts (e.g., Rokicki's |dvips|). This is a highly recommended
configuration, because sans serif fonts look good for slides, Helvetica is a
resident font in just about all PostScript printers, and the fonts are
scalable and thus there is no problem of needing new bitmaps.
 If you have the New Font Selection Scheme, then here is all you have to do:
Check the font file names used in |semhelv.sty|, and change them if necessary
to match the names on your system. Then include \soi{semhelv} as a document
style option.

 \item \SliTeX{} sans serif fonts. These are ugly, but they might be the only
usable sans serif font you have on your system and you are really dying for
that kind of font. Also, they usually come ready for printing magnified
documents, and so you won't need too many new font bitmaps.
 If you have the New Font Selection Scheme, then all you have to do is check
that you actually have the \SliTeX{} fonts on your system (|lcmss|) and use
the style option \soi{semlcmss}. |semlcmss| sets the |slides| magnification to
$1.2^4$ and |\slidefontsizes| to |10pt|; deviating from this will increase the
need for new font bitmaps.

 \item Something else. If you go this route but you aren't a \TeX pert (or
even if you are), then a good place to start is by cannibalizing |semhelv.sty|
or |semlcmss.sty|.
\end{enumerate}

 The New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS) mentioned above is a macro package for
\LaTeX{} that greatly simplifies using non-standard fonts. The NFSS was
written by Frank Mittelbach and Rainer Sch\"opf, and is available from various
archives, including:
\begin{center}
|rusmv1.rus.uni-stuttgart.de|,
\end{center}
in the directory
\begin{center}
|soft/tex/latex-style-supported/New-Font-Selection|
\end{center}
 It is by far easier to take the 10 minutes or so that are required (in
theory, at least) to install the NFSS, than it is to try to muck around with
\LaTeX's font primitives.


\subsection{Font bitmaps\label{bitmaps}}

 To use |seminar.sty|, you may need font bitmap sizes that are not currently
found on your system. This section described how to avoid this and what to do
about it. First, a few paragraphs about magnification and font bitmaps.

 \TeX's Metafont fonts are designed for a type size, such as 5pt. Most font
families are available at least in the sizes 5pt, 6pt, 7pt, 8pt, 9pt and 10pt.
Some are also available in the sizes 12pt and 17pt (and others), but often any
size above 10pt is obtained by scaling the 10pt fonts. Table \ref{font-mag}
lists the possible magnifications for fonts, depending on which option you are
using (|10pt|, |11pt| or |12pt|), and depending on the \LaTeX{} type size
declaration that is in effect (e.g., |\small|).
 The magnifications are given as powers of 1.2, which are the standard
magnifications used by \TeX. E.g., a magnification listed as 2 in the table
means a magnification by a factor of $1.2^2$, which is the same as the
magnification |\magstep2|.

\begin{table}\catcode`\|=12
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l|c|c|c|}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{size} & 
\multicolumn{1}{c}{default (10pt)} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c}{11pt option}  &
  \multicolumn{1}{c}{12pt option}\\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\tiny|       & 0  & 0 & 0\\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\scriptsize| & 0  & 0 & 0\\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\footnotesize| & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\small|        & 0 & 0 & 1/2 \\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\normalsize| & 0 & 1/2 & 1 \\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\large|      & 1 & 1 & 2 \\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\Large|      & 2 & 2 & 3 \\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\LARGE|      & 3 & 3 & 4\\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\huge|       & 4 & 4 & 5\\
\cline{2-4} \verb|\Huge|       & 5 & 5 & 5\\
\cline{2-4}
\end{tabular}
 \caption{Font magnification ($n$ means a magnification of $1.2^n$) for a font
that is available in 5pt, 6pt, 7pt, 8pt, 9pt and 10pt sizes.\label{font-mag}}
\end{table}

 Both the |article| and the |slides| formats may use a positive magnification.
By default, the magnification of the |slides| format is |\magstep4| ($1.2^4$),
and the magnification of the |article| format is |\magstep0| (1). To find the
total font magnification, add the magnification listed in the table to the
magnification of the document. E.g., in the |slides| format with the |12pt|
option (or the command |\ptsize{12}| at the beginning of a slide), the
|\large| command may invoke fonts that have a magnification of up to $1.2^7$.

 Most systems have bitmaps for the fonts for magnifications of 1.2 raised to
the 0, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Thus, when using this style you are likely to
need font bitmaps that are not already on your system.

 What does this mean to you? That depends on your system. The space taken up
by the extra bitmaps is not really that much (see the discussion below on how
the reduce the need for extra bitmaps). The question is whether you have to
capability to generate the bitmaps at all. Check with your system
administrator to determine which of the following applies to you (or just
plunge ahead and see what happens):
\begin{enumerate}
 \item If you have Metafont and |dvips| or some other driver that
automatically generates font bitmaps as needed, and if this feature is
enabled, then you will simply notice that it takes a long time to print
documents at first, because the driver has to wait for the new font bitmaps to
be made. Eventually, you will have generated all the extra bitmaps you need,
and this delay will go away.
 \item If you have Metafont, but your dvi driver does not automatically
generate needed bitmaps, then you just need to keep track of what font bitmaps
you are missing as you use |seminar.sty| and occasionally run Metafont to make
them. You will also notice a delay when a font bitmap is missing, because your
driver will probably scale the closest bitmap it finds, and this can take time
on some systems.
 \item If you do not even have Metafont, then you have to try to get by
without the extra bitmaps. Scaled fonts look lousy, but an occasional scaled
font in a heading is not so bad.
\end{enumerate}

 Of course, PostScript and other scalable fonts do not present any problem,
and so it is a good idea to use these as much as possible. The Computer Modern
fonts are available from Blue Sky Research in PostScript Type I format. If you
do not have PostScript versions of the CM fonts, and you instead use other
PostScript fonts for text, then you are likely to still need bitmapped fonts
for mathematics. However, since mathematics is usually set at |\normalsize| or
smaller, this is not a big problem.

 If you must rely entirely on Metafont fonts and you have no way to generate
extra bitmaps, then you should avoid the |11pt| and |12pt| options, avoid type
size commands larger than |\normalsize| (you can go larger than this with text
that just uses Computer Modern medium roman), and keep the magnification at or
below |\slidesmag{5}|.

 If you are installing |seminar.sty| on a multi-user system, then hopefully
you will make the needed fonts available.


\clearpage
\section{Files\label{files}}
\begingroup
\sloppy
\makeatletter
\def\sloppy{\@rightskip\@flushglue \rightskip\@rightskip}
\makeatother
\small

\noindent{\bf Inputs:}\\
\hskip .7em
\begin{tabular}{p{1in}p{2.6in}}
|seminar.sty|  & The main style file.\\
|xcomment.sty| & The macros for omitting notes.\\
|portrait.sty| & The |portrait| style option.\\
|semhelv.sty|  & The |semhelv| style option.\\
|semlcmss.sty| & The |semlcmss| style option.\\
|semcolor.sty| & The |semcolor| style option.\\
|semrot.sty|   & The |semrot| style option.\\
|sem-a4.sty|   & The |sem-a4| style option.\\
|slidesec.sty| & The |slidesec| style option.\\
|2up.tex|      & Macros for printing documents two-up.\\
|2up.sty|      & The same as |2up.tex|, but with |.sty| extension.\\
|npsfont.sty|  & Macros for defining new PostScript fonts with the NFSS.
\end{tabular}

\vskip 1em minus 1em

\noindent{\bf Documentation:}\\
\hskip .7em
\begin{tabular}{p{1in}p{2.6in}}
|sem-user.dvi|  & User's guide for |seminar.sty|.\\
|sem-code.dvi|  & Documented code for |seminar.sty|.\\
|xcomment.dvi| & Documentation for |xcomment.sty|.\\
|semsampl.tex| & A sample document for |seminar.sty|.\\
|sem-read.me|   & A |readme| file the |seminar.sty| package.\\
\end{tabular}

\vskip 1em minus 1em

\noindent{\bf Sources:}\\
\hskip .7em
\begin{tabular}{p{1in}p{2.6in}}
|seminar.doc|  & Documentation and code for |seminar.sty|.\\
|sem-code.tex|  & For typesetting |seminar.doc|.\\
|sem-user.tex|  & User's guide for |seminar.sty|.\\
|xcomment.doc| & Documentation and code for |xcomment.sty|.\\
|xcomment.tex| & For typesetting |xcomment.doc|.\\
|tvz-hax.sty| & Hacks for printing the documentation.
\end{tabular}\par
\endgroup

\clearpage
\section{Help}

 If you just want to figure out how to do something, check \ref{tips}, ``Tips
and Tricks.'' If you are trying to decipher an error message, check
\ref{errors}, ``Errors.'' If you are trying to solve some system-dependent
problem that has arisen, check \ref{trouble}, ``Troubleshooting.''

\subsection{Tips and Tricks\label{tips}}

\faq{How can I fit more material in the slides?}

 You can increase the height and/or width of one or all the slides. You can
decrease the magnification, which affects all the slides equally, or you can
use |\ptsize{|$n$|}| to get more into a single slide.

 Think about where the slides are going to be shown before cramming too much
information onto each one.

\faq{How can I a make a long slide, letting \TeX{} do the page-breaking?}

 The short answer is that you can't and shouldn't anyway. Long slides like
this wouldn't work in the |article| format, and dividing material between
slides is too delicate a matter be left to \TeX's page-cutting routines.

 However, if you are only typesetting slides (no notes) in the |slides| format
and you don't mind foregoing frames and rotation for the long slides, you can
include the long slide between slide environments. Start by stepping the slide
counter, as in |\stepcounter{slide}|. Then the pages of the long slide will be
number 8-1, 8-2, etc. You need to change the page parameters if you want to
change the dimensions of the slides. If you only want long slides, and so
prefer that the pages be numbered 1, 2, etc., start the document with the
command |\pagenumbering{arabic}|.

\faq{How can I print my slides two-up or four-up?}

 \label{2up}Depending on whether you are using rotation macros, the |article|
format with the |slidesonly| selection will print your slides two-up (as long
as the |article| margins and the slide dimensions are such that two slides fit
on a page; this is true when using the default values).

 |seminar.sty| is also distributed with |2up.tex|, which contains generic
\TeX{} macros for printing documents two-up. To use |2up.tex| with
|seminar.sty|, just put the command
\begin{Ex}
\sui\twoup\t[\m{n}\t]"
\end{Ex}
 in the preamble. This inputs |2up.tex| and sets a few parameters that make
things work right, including the magnification. The argument {\tt[$n$]} is
optional; it changes the default magnification by $1.2^n$. Try this first
without the optional argument. If you find that the pages are too crowded,
then try |\twoup[-1]| or |\twoup[-2]|. If you find that there is extra room
and you want each source page to be larger on the output, try |\twoup[1]| or
|\twoup[2]|.

 With |2up.tex|, the |slides| format and the |slidesonly| selection, the
slides are printed two-up, but the headings look different from the |article|
format/|slidesonly| selection combination. With |2up.tex|, the |article|
format, and the |slidesonly| selection, the slides are printed four-up!

 \faq{How can I print just selected overlays, layers or pages of notes in the
{\tt slides} format?}

 The |\onlyslides| and |\notslides| commands affect only slides. If a slide is
omitted, so are all its overlays and color layers. To be more selective, you
have to use your dvi driver to select the pages to be printed.

 In the |slides| format, the page numbers recognized by dvi drivers correspond
to the numbers of the slides. This means that a slide and all the overlays,
layers and notes that correspond to that slide have the same page number. Some
drivers allow one to select occurrence $n$ of a page number. E.g., with
|dvips|,
\begin{Ex}
|dvips -p2.1 -l2.4 myslides|
\end{Ex}
 will print the first through fourth page of overlays or notes that follow
slide 2.

 If your dvi driver does not support such selection, and you would prefer that
the driver recognize physical page numbers, then put the command
\sui\truepagenumbers" in the preamble.


\faq{How do I define custom page styles?}
\label{Pagestyle}

 There is nothing special about defining new page styles in |seminar.sty|.
However, to make it easier to do this in the preamble, the commands
\begin{Ex}
\sui\newpagestyle\M{style}\M{header}\M{footer}"\\
\sui\renewpagestyle\M{style}\M{header}\M{footer}"
\end{Ex}
 are provided.\footnote{You can also use the macros in {\tt
fancyheadings.sty}, which is available from various archives.} \m{style} is
the name of the page style, and \m{header} is the header, and \m{footer} is
the footer. These can only be used for simple page styles that are the same
for odd and even pages, and that do not do anything special with section
marks.

 Headers and footers are set in an |\hbox| the width of the page
(|\textwidth|). You can use stretchable space such as |\hspace*{\fill}| or
|\hfil| to center some information or put it flush against the margins. See
the definitions of page styles in |latex.tex| and |article.sty| for examples.

 Here is an example: Professor Starr wants lots of information in the headers
and footers for the slides, and so she defines the page style |mypagestyle|:
\begin{Ex}
|\newpagestyle{mypagestyle}%|\\
 | {\sl Big U \hfil \thedate \hfil \thepage}%|\footnote{The meaning of
{\tt\string\thedate} is set with the {\tt\string\date} command.}\\
|  {\hfil File \jobname.tex; printed \today\hfil}|
\end{Ex}
 Prof.\ Starr wants to use the standard |headings| page style for notes and
the |mypagestyle| page style for slides, and she wants overlays to just have
the overlay number. Therefore, she defines another page style for the
overlays:
\begin{Ex}
|\newpagestyle{myoverlays}{\hfil \thepage}{}|
\end{Ex}
and she puts
\begin{Ex}
|\pagestyle{headings}|\\
|\slidepagestyle{mypagestyle}|\\
|\overlaypagestyle{myoverlays}|
\end{Ex}
in the preamble.

\faq{How do I change a parameter only for the {\tt slides} format?}
\label{conditionals}

The conditionals
\begin{Ex}
\sui\ifslides"  $\ldots$ |\else| $\ldots$ |\fi|\\
\sui\ifarticle" $\ldots$ |\else| $\ldots$ |\fi|\\
\sui\ifslidesonly" $\ldots$ |\else| $\ldots$ |\fi|\\
\sui\ifnotes" $\ldots$ |\else| $\ldots$ |\fi|\\
\sui\ifnotesonly" $\ldots$ |\else| $\ldots$ |\fi|
\end{Ex}
 allow one to select for what versions material is to be processed. |\ifnotes|
is true if and only if the |notes| selection is in effect, and so on. The
|\else| clause is optional. See {\em The \TeX book}, Chapter 20, for more
information about using conditionals.

 For example, the first line below sets the slide rotation to |right| in the
|article| format only. The second line changes the page style for the |notes|
and |notesonly| selections and |article| format:
\begin{Ex}
|\ifarticle\sliderotation{right}\fi|\\
|\ifarticle\ifslides\else|\\
|  \pagestyle{myheadings}\fi\fi|
\end{Ex}

\faq{How do I include an Encapsulated PostScript figure?}

 With any \TeX{} or \LaTeX{} document, EPS figures are included using one of
several macro packages available for this purpose. These include the |psfig|
and the |epsf| macros. The only special consideration for including EPS
figures in a |seminar.sty| document is how to set the dimensions. With the
|epsf| macros, set unmagnified dimensions, and the figures should be scaled
appropriately for both the |slides| and |article| formats. E.g.,
\begin{Ex}
|\setslidelength{\epsfxsize}{7in}|\\
|\epsffile{myfig.eps}|
\end{Ex}
 includes the file |myfig.eps|, scaled so that it is 7 inches wide in the
|slides| format, and proportionately smaller in the |article| format.

 At least some versions of the |psfig| macros do not magnify the dimensions
correctly, and are therefore difficult to use with |seminar.sty|.

 \faq{Why does extra space get inserted at the top of a slide when I begin the
slide with a color or overlay command (when using the {\tt semcolor} option)?}

 Color and overlay commands with the |semcolor| option use |\special|'s.
\TeX{} adds the space |\parskip| between the |\special|'s and the first
material in the slide. If that material is an ordinary paragraph, put the
command |\leavevmode| just before the color or overlay command. In other
cases, if you are sure this is the problem, put |\vskip-\parskip| just before
the color or overlay command.

\subsection{Errors\label{errors}}

 There are several errors that identify themselves as being from
|seminar.sty|, but the error messages are so self-explanatory that that there
is no need to describe them here. Instead, this section explains a few
especially cryptic \TeX{} error messages that can arise when using
|seminar.sty|. These errors may also arise for reasons that are not particular
to the |seminar.sty| macros. See your favorite \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} manuals for
more help in debugging your documents.

\error|! File ended while scanning use of \next.|

 You are missing an |\end{document}| on the main file or an |\endinput| on a
file that is input.


\error|! File ended within \read.|

 You may have an unmatched curly brace following |\begin{slide}| or
|\begin{slide*}| on the same line. See Section \ref{omit}.


\error|! Paragraph ended before \beginslide was complete.|\\
|! Paragraph ended before \beginslide* was complete.|

 You have not specified the optional argument for the |slide| or |slide*|
environment correctly (see Section \ref{slidedim}), or the first character in
a slide environment is a |[| (put a pair |{}| of braces before the |[|).

\subsection{Troubleshooting\label{trouble}}
\setcounter{faq}{0}

 \faq{What kind of incompatibilities are there between {\tt seminar.sty} and
other macros?}

 Of course, whenever you load macros that are not part of the standard
\LaTeX{} distribution and that were not designed to work with |seminar.sty|,
problems may arise because of name conflicts. What are listed here are changes
made to \LaTeX{} commands that may conflict with other macros that also
redefine these command. The problems listed here are very unlikely to occur,
however, unless you have a habit of seriously hacking the standard \LaTeX{}
macro files.

\begin{enumerate}
 \item This style modifies the definitions of the \LaTeX{} primitive
|\document|. It generally will not be upset by, nor will it void,
modifications to |\document| made before |seminar.sty| is input. However,
subsequent modifications of |\document| may void the changes made in
|seminar.sty|. See lines \ref{document}--\ref{document*} of the code.

 \item |xcomment.sty|, which is input by |seminar.sty| with the |slidesonly|
selection, modifies the definition of |\end| within included environments.
This is generally compatible with modifications to |\end| made outside
environments, but may conflict with modifications to |\end| made inside
environments.
\end{enumerate}

 \faq{Why are the landscape slides displayed sideways and the portrait slides
displayed upside down on my previewer?}

 This document style makes frequent use of landscape mode. Some DVI-to-PS
converters, such as |dvips|, use their own PostScript macros to print a
landscape document, rather than simply instructing PostScript to use landscape
mode.
 If the PostScript output of such a converter is viewed using a PostScript
previewer that does not allow you to choose the orientation of the display,
the output will be positioned correctly on the page, but the page will always
be displayed in portrait mode. When viewing slides without the |portrait|
option, the landscape slides will be sideways, and the portrait slides will be
upside-down!

 There is nothing this style can do to coerce the page to be displayed in
landscape mode. There are various ways to minimize neck strain, however:
\begin{enumerate}
 \item The direction in which the portrait slides are rotated can be reversed,
so that they end up right-side-up. Just put
\begin{Ex}
|\sliderotation{right}|
\end{Ex}
 before the beginning of the document (assuming that you are using rotation
macros).
 \item You can also get the portrait slides to be displayed right-side-up by
using the |portrait| style option (Section \ref{options}).
 \item In the |article| format, the document is typeset in portrait mode
(unless the |portrait| option is used), and so the landscape slides are
right-side-up. You can use this format when composing and proof-reading the
slides.
\end{enumerate}

\faq{Why is my dvi driver soooo slow?}

 Probably it cannot find the right font bitmaps, and so it is either
automatically generating new one, or it is scaling the ones it can find.
Either way, as long as you can somehow generate the missing font bitmaps, this
problem is transitory. See \ref{bitmaps} for details.

\faq{Why does \TeX{} complain about missing circle fonts?}

 Older versions of the NFSS use the names |circle10| and |wcircle10| for the
\LaTeX circle fonts, instead of the otherwise standard names |lcircle10| and
|lwcircle10|. You can copy your |.pk| and |.tfm| files to the new names, or
get a new version of the NFSS.

\clearpage
\PrintUserIndex
\end{document}

