(Message inbox:1909) Return-Path: red@ATHENA.MIT.EDU Received: by JASON (5.45/4.7) id AA09227; Mon, 28 Jul 86 12:13:23 EDT Received: by ATHENA (5.45/4.7) id AA04417; Mon, 28 Jul 86 12:13:11 EDT Received: by JASON (5.45/4.7) id AA09222; Mon, 28 Jul 86 12:13:01 EDT Message-Id: <8607281613.AA09222@JASON> To: lbm@ATHENA.MIT.EDU Subject: yet another version of the printers module Date: Mon, 28 Jul 86 12:12:57 -0500 From: red@ATHENA.MIT.EDU ------- Forwarded Message Return-Path: SBJones.IPCPubs@MIT-MULTICS.ARPA Received: by JASON (5.45/4.7) id AA17419; Mon, 21 Jul 86 16:07:13 EDT Received: by ATHENA (5.45/4.7) id AA10995; Mon, 21 Jul 86 16:06:42 EDT Date: Mon, 21 Jul 86 16:01 EDT From: "Susan B. Jones" Subject: printers mod To: red@ATHENA.MIT.EDU Message-Id: <860721200108.004123@MIT-MULTICS.ARPA> @device(imprint10) @make(report) @modify(example, Font SmallBodyFont) @chapter(Printing at Project Athena) Project Athena supports several ways of obtaining printed output of your files. Project Athena's own printers, located in or near each cluster, include line printers and single font laser printers for printing text, and specially configured line printers and desktop laser printers for printing graphics. Each cluster has a default printer. If the cluster has a line printer, it is the default; if not, the default printer is the laser printer. Information about the location of each type of printer for your cluster is posted in the cluster. The table below lists the available Athena printers according to their cluster location. Laser printers are designated by the abbreviation, @b(ln), lp26 line printers by @b(lp), and la120 line printers by @b(la) @begin(verbatim) @b(Bldg.1 Bldg.11 W20 Bldg.38 Bldg. 66) ln ln ln ln ln lp lp la lp @end(verbatim) In addition to our services, two very high quality printers are available in cooperation with IS (Information Systems) and SIBP (the Student Information Processing Board). These include a Xerox 9700 text printer with four fonts in two sizes, and an Apple Laserwriter with three fonts in a wide range of sizes, plus capacity for printing mathematical symbols and specially prepared graphics. This chapter descibes each printer and how to use it. @section(Project Athena Text Printers) Each Project Athena cluster has at least one of the following printers: lp26 and la120 line printers, and ln01 laser printers. @subsection(Line Printers) Two types of line printers are set up for text output. The first, called the lp26, prints 132 character-columns across on 11 x 15-inch continuous form computer paper. This is the fastest of the Athena printers, and should be used for all "working drafts". The lp26 is a dot-matrix printer, that is, the characters are composed of a series of dots. It prints 10 characters per inch, with underlining available, but no boldface. @example(This was printed on an lp26.) The second type of line printer, the la120, prints on 80 column, 8 1/2 x 11 inch pinfeed paper, again in a fixed, 10 character per inch font. The only remaining la120 is in the Building 38 cluster. @example(This was printed on an la120.) @subsection(Letter Quality Printers) The ln01 laser printers provide "letter quality" output, and are intended for final copies. Paper is 8 1/2 x 11-inch cut sheet, with a 10 character to the inch, typewriter-like font called "Courier". Again, underlining is possible, but not boldface. @example(This was printed on an ln01.) Because they are used far beyond their intended capacity, ln01s break often - PLEASE DO NOT use them as Xerox machines!! Living group clusters will be equipped with both an ln03 laser printer for letter quality output and an la100 line printer. Output on the ln03 machines is identical to output from an ln01. To access the ln03 in your living group, use the @i(lpr) command, explained below. @section(lpr - Printer Commands) The three commands for using the printers are @begin(verbatim) @p(lpr), which sends a job to the printer, @p(lpq), which checks to see how many jobs are in the queue and who sent them, and @p(lprm) which removes a job from the queue. @end(verbatim) @subsection(Printing a File) The @i(lpr) command is fairly simple to use, but has many options or "flags". The basic command: @example(lpr filename) produces a printed copy of the file @i(filename) on the default text printer in your cluster. To send your file to a different printer, or to print more than one copy, you must use one of the @i(lpr) flags. The two most commonly used flags are described here; for more information, see the @i(lpr) man page. @subsubsection(Sending Your File to an Alternate Printer) The printer to which you send output may or may not be located in your immediate cluster, depending on the types of printers your cluster has. To access another type of printer for your cluster, you must use the flag, @i(-Pprinter), with the @i(lpr) command. @example(lpr -P@i(printer filename)) where @i(printer) is one of the following: @begin(verbatim) ln default ln01 laser printer laser default ln01 laser printer alaser alternate ln01 for your cluster lp lp26 line printer la la120 line printer @end(verbatim) For example, to print a file on the lp26, type: @example(lpr -Plp filename) In some instances, you may want to send a file to a particular printer in another cluster. To do this, use the following flags for @i(printer): @begin(example) Flag Location - ---- -------- ln.## ln01 in bldg ## lp.## lp26 in bldg ## la.## la120 in bldg ## @end(example) where ## is the building number in which the printer is located. For instance, the Student Center cluster is W20. If you are logged in to a machine in Building 11, but want to print a file on the W20 laser printer, type: @example(lpr -Pln.w20 filename) @subsubsection(Printing More Than One Copy) To print multiple copies of small or medium length files, use the @i(-#num) flag, substituting the number of copies you wish to print for @i(num). To print two copies of a file called @i(chickens) on the default printer for your cluster, type: @example(lpr -#2 chickens) or similarly, to print two copies of the file @i(geese) on the Building 38 la120, type: @example(lpr -Pla.38 -#2 geese) You should not print multiple copies of very large files. It ties up the printers so other people can't use them. Do not print multiple copies of @i(any) file on the laser printers. They are delicate machines and subject to break-downs. @subsection(lpq - Checking the Printer Queue) If you want to check on the status of your print job after sending it to the printer with @i(lpr), use the @i(lpq) command. The @i(lpq) command checks the queue for the specified printer, and prints on your screen a list of the current @i(active) jobs. It then ranks all the other jobs with a display of their owners, job numbers and size (in bytes). ==WORRY ABOUT THIS LATER.....WHEN?===== Note that you must specify the printer exactly as you specified it when you first used @i(lpr), so that you look at the correct printer queue. For example, if you want to check on the status of the print job you sent with the command @example(host% lpr -Plp.66 filename) you would type @example(host% lpq -Plp.66) @example(host% lpr -Plp filename) and using @i(lpq) showed your job to be third in line: @begin(example) host% lpq -Plp clio... lp-bldg66 is ready and printing Rank Owner Job Files Total Size active joe 11 joemama 857 bytes 1st htpei 13 blackprint 9000 bytes 2nd dog 21 catchaser too many bytes 3rd dkfritz 25 filename 1342 bytes @end(example) If you don't want to look at the status of everyone else's jobs, just your own, you can specify your username at the end of the @i(lpq) command. For example, if user dkfritz wants to check only his own job, he types: @example(host% lpq -Plp.66 dkfritz) ==LET'S GO ON== @subsection(lprm - Removing a Job From the Queue) To remove a job from the printer queue, you use the @i(lprm) command. You must be the owner of a job to remove it, and you must specify the job number that is indicated by @i(lpq). As with @i(lpq), you must specify the printer as you did went you sent the job to the printer. For example, user dkfritz glances at his lpq output and discovers that his file's job number is 25. He then removes that job by typing: @example(host% lprm -Plp 25) After using the command, he receives the message: @example(some message you would receive) To remove all of your jobs from a particular printer, use the @i(-) flag. For example, to remove all jobs you sent to the Building 66 laser printer, you type: @example(host% lprm -Pln.66 -) @i(lprm) announces the names of any jobs it removes -- if it doesn't give you a message, it has not removed any jobs. @section(Project Athena Graphics Printers) @section(Project Athena Graphics Printers) You can access graphics printers without using the @i(lpr) command. The @i(la100) graphics printers can print graphics from a VT240 or Pro 350 terminal. They can @i(only) print images from the terminal to which they are connected. The @i(ln03) laser printers can only print dumps from windows on VS100 and VSII workstations. @subsection(la100 Graphics Printers) The la100 graphics printers are printing terminals used as graphics printers. They are connected to VT240 and Pro 350 terminals in the clusters, and can only be accessed from the terminal to which they are connected. To print graphics from a VT240 terminal connected to an la100: run the program that puts your graphics on the screen, then press the Printscreen key while holding down the Shift key. The Printscreen key is the second key in the upper row of function keys. There are two modes of printing from the VT240 - expanded mode and compressed mode. To change the printing mode: press the Set-up key, move to the box marked "printer" in the set-up menu by using the arrow keys, press the Enter key (this is NOT the Return key) and move through the sub-menus by pressing Enter while you are in the box marked "To Next Set-Up" until you get to a set-up menu that has a box marked either "Expanded Print" or "Compressed Print". This box tells you the current terminal mode. To change modes: Move to the box using the arrow keys, and press Enter. This changes the mode, and displays the name of the new mode. Move to the box marked "To Directory", press Enter to return to the main set-up menu, Move to the box marked "Exit", and press Enter. You should now be back where you were before you pressed Set-up, and you can print the image in the new mode. To print graphics from a Pro 350 terminal connected to an la100: run the program that puts the graphics on the screen, and press the Print key. In some clusters, the la100 may have a switch box so that it can be connected to one of several terminals. This makes it a little easier to get a terminal connected to an la100; just remember to put the switch to the right position for the terminal you are on. @subsection(ln03 Screen Dump Printers) You can only use ln03 laser printers for window dumps from the screen of a VSII or VS100 workstation. (Read @i(Essential X Window System) before attempting to use a VSII or VS100 workstation.) There is one ln03 in every cluster except W20. To print graphics from a VSII or VS100 window, you must: @begin(enumerate) Do whatever is necessary to put your graphics image in a window on the screen. Make sure that this window is on top of any other windows, so that no parts of the window are obscured. >From a window running on @i(xterm), type: @example(host% xdpr) The mouse cursor becomes a target shape. Move the target into the window that contains your graphics, and press any mouse key. @i(xdpr) beeps once when it begins copying the image, and twice when it is finished. Your output should appear on the ln03 momentarily. @end(enumerate) This system has a few limitations. First, the @i(ln03) limited memory, so if your image is too complicated, or has too much black in it, the picture may fragment. Second, the @i(xdpr) program uses your DISPLAY environment variable to determine from which VSII or VS100 to copy. Therefore, make sure your DISPLAY is set properly before using @i(xdpr). @section(The Xerox 9700 and Apple LaserWriter) Information Systems and SIPB provide two additional services to Project Athena users: a Xerox 9700 printer and an Apple LaserWriter. Information Systems' Xerox 9700 printer is especially good for printing theses and other important and lengthy documents. The output is very high quality, several fonts are available, and output can be printed on thesis-quality paper. Cost for this service is five cents per page. You should only use the SIPB Apple LaserWriter for a few specific purposes, such as printing mathematical symbols and Greek characters that cannot be printed on the 9700. Though its output is very high quality, it is slow and fragile. Therefore, do not do anything on the LaserWriter thatyou can do on the 9700 or some other printer. For general information about these printers, you may also wish to consult the SIPB Documents "Using the Xerox 9700 from Athena" and "Using the Laserwriter from Project Athena", available at the SIPB office. @subsection(Using the Xerox 9700) The Xerox 9700 can print both unformatted text files and files that have been formatted with Scribe. To print an unformatted file, simply type: @example(/usr/unsupported/sipb/print_9700) This puts you into an interactive program which asks for the name of the file you wish to print, and for details such as type of paper and one- or two-sided printing. When formatting a Scribe file for the 9700, you must add the "-device x9700" option to your Scribe command. @example(scribe filename.mss -device x9700) This produces a formatted output file called filename.x9700. Then give the command: @example(/usr/unsupported/sipb/print_9700) to print the file. Pick up your output at the IS Dispatch Area, on the second floor of Building 11. Output may be ready anywhere from immediately to a few hours. The Dispatch Counter (11-226) is open 8 AM - 11:30 PM, Monday through Friday and 10:00 AM - 5:30 PM on Saturday. It is closed on Sunday. @subsection(Using the LaserWriter) To use the LaserWriter, you must format your Scribe file with the Postscript device. To do this, type: @example(scribe filename.mss -device postscript) This puts your formatted output in a file called filename.PS. To send this file to the LaserWriter, type: @example(/usr/unsupported/sipb/print_lw filename.PS) As with the Xerox 9700 service, output may be ready anywhere from immediately to a few hours. Output may be picked up at the SIPB office, in Room 11-205. @subsection(Using Multiple Fonts) Both the 9700 and the LaserWriter offer several font packages. The 9700 offers two typefaces in two sizes: Times Roman 10 point and 12 point, and Helvetica 10 point and 12 point. The default font is Helvetica 10 point. The LaserWriter accepts Times Roman, Helvetica, and Symbol (used for mathematical symbols), in a wide range of sizes. When you specify a font for the LaserWriter in the preformatted Scribe file, you must specify the fontfamily and the size separately. Thus the line @example(@@style(FontFamily "TimesRoman", Size 10)) in a preformatted file for the LaserWriter gives you the equivalent of the line @example(@@style(FontFamily "TimesRoman10")) in a preformatted file for the Xerox 9700. For more information about specifying fonts, and about using Scribe to print mathematical symbols, see the Scribe User Manual. ------- End of Forwarded Message