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%    A guide for perplexed users shifting from dvi2ps to dvips
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%    Andrew Marc Greene, MIT Project Athena, Aptil 1991
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\centerline{\largest Changeover Guide}
\centerline{\largest "dvi2ps" to "dvips"}
\centerline{Andrew Marc Greene}
\centerline{MIT Project Athena}
\bigskip
\noindent
This is a guide for the perplexed user who is used to "dvi2ps" and who
is now going to use "dvips".  The basic premise of the software has
not changed, but "dvips" provides many features that "dvi2ps" did not.
These are sumamrized on the man page, which you can read by typing
"man dvips".  This document restricts itself to explaining how to do
what you used to do with "dvi2ps".

> Why do we need a dvi-to-PostScript converter at all?

\TeX\ existed long before Adobe released PostScript.  Donald Knuth,
the author of \TeX, realized that his program should produce
device-independent page descriptions if it was going to be useful to
many people, so he developed the "dvi" format.  The printers, however,
can only print PostScript files.  The converters allow us to print the
more general "dvi" files on PostScript-specific printers.

> Why are we changing?

The old program, "dvi2ps", had a number of minor bugs which made it
unusable with certain files.  The new program, "dvips", has many
features which the old program didn't, and it produces smaller and
faster PostScript files than "dvi2ps" did.

> What do I have to do differently?

First of all, the command you type has to change.  Secondly, if you
are including PostScript pictures in your document, you may need to
make a small change in how you do that.  Finally, if you are using
PostScript fonts in your \TeX\ documents, you need to change the way
you name those fonts.

>> Command-line arguments

Here is a quick table showing the old command-line arguments and the
new ones:

\noindent\hfil\vbox{\table{ll{\quad}l}
\\
Old & New & Meaning \\
\hrule
"-f<num>" & "-p<num>" & First page to print \\
& "-c<num>" & Number of copies to print (of each page) \\
"-t<num>" & "-l<num>" & Last page to print \\
& "-o<name>" & Send output to file <name> \\
"-r" & "-r" & Reverse page order (but the default direction is now correct) \\
"-o" & "-t" & This, followed by "landscape", rotates the output 90\deg\\
"-n<num>" & "-C<num>" & Number of copies to print (of entire file) \\
& "-P<printer>" & Send directly to the given printer (no need to run
"lpr") \\
\\
\endtable}

Note that the default page order is now correct, so -r is no longer
necessary (and will, in fact, reverse the pages back to the "dvi2ps"
order).  Also, the "-o landscape" can be replaced by "-t landscape"
but should really be replaced by saying "\special{landscape}" on the
first page of your \TeX\ file.

The following is very important: You no longer need to pipe the output
of "dvips" into "lpr"!  Simply including "-P<printer>" in the "dvips"
command, where "<printer>" is the name of the printer you wish yo use,
will send your output to the right place.  If you want to specify
options to "lpr", you need to include the whole thing in quotes, e.g.\
"dvips -P\char`\"linus -h\char`\" paper"

>> Including PostScript figures

If your PostScript figures are what is known as ``Encapsulated''
PostScript, and if you are using \LaTeX, you probably want to use the
"epsf" style, which is described in the "dvips" man page.  The old
style of inclusion will continue to work, with one exception; however,
the new style is much more powerful.

The one change (which is important) is the following.  If you are
accustomed to changing the size of your PostScript with the "hscale"
and "vscale" commands, you have been specifying a ratio of sizes
(i.e., to make something twice as wide, "dvi2ps" would require
"hscale=2").  With "dvips", however, these numbers are percentages,
not ratios, and must be one hundred times as large (i.e., to make
something twice as wide, you must now specify "hscale=200").  This
change was made because that is the standard in most other dvi
converters.

>> Using PostScript Fonts

If you are using \LaTeX, and using a PostScript style, then you must
make the appropriate change listed below.  Using the old style files
with the new "dvips" will not work at all.  Using the new style files
with the old "dvi2ps" will not work at all.  Once you have made this
change and run \LaTeX\ over the file, no other changes will be
necessary to take advantage of the PostScript fonts.

\noindent\hfil\vbox{\table{ll{\quad}l}
\\
Old style & New style & Font family \\
\hrule \\
"timrom" & "times" & Times \\
"newcen" & "ncs" & New Century Schoolbook \\
& "avantgarde" & Avant-Garde \\
& "bookman" & Bookman \\
\\
\endtable}

If you are using Plain \TeX, you will want to understand the following
description of the new standard that has been developed for naming
fonts outside the Computer Modern family.  The following are the rules
for constructing the name of the "tfm" and "vf" files.

\noindent\hfil\vbox{\parindent=0pt
\catcode`\&=4
\def\fooq#1,#2.{&\qquad{\tt #1}\quad#2\\}
\table{rp{.8\hsize}}
"r" & [optional] ``raw'' (if this prefix exists, it means the font is
encoded according to the printer's encoding.  If it does not exist,
the font is a `virtual' font that uses TeX's encoding.) \\
"p" &  PostScript (This is the foundry code.) \\
<xx> & A two-character abbreviation of the family name.  For example: \\
\fooq tm, Times.
\fooq hv, Helvetica.
\fooq nc, NewCentury.
\fooq ag, AvantGarde.
\fooq bk, Bookman.
\fooq sy, Symbol.
<w> & A character describing the weight of the font.  For example: \\
& \qquad r Roman \quad l Light \quad d demi \quad b bold \\
<y> & Zero or more characters describing the style of the face. For
example: \\
& \qquad r Regular (required only if the width is changed) \\
& \qquad i Italic \quad o Oblique \quad c SmallCaps  \\
<W> & Zero or one character describing the width of the face.  For
example: \\
& \qquad e Extended \quad n Narrow \\
\endtable
}

\bye

