%  GLETMAN.TEX, A MANUAL FOR GLETTER 2.0
\input gmacro.tex % Add correct directory here
%
\hoffset=-1truecm
\voffset=-1truecm
%

\headline{$\scriptstyle GLETTER\ VERSION\ 2.0,\ p.~\folio$}
\nopagenumbers
\pageno=0 \headstart{1}
\overfullrule=0pt
%\font\superfont=amssmc40 at 57.60truept
\font\superfont=cminch scaled 667 %changed from aminch by bqs
\vbox to \vsize{ \baselineskip 12pt
\def\addressline#1{\centerline{\addressfont #1}}
\leftline{Preliminary Version--- September 8, 1988}
\vfill
\centerline {\superfont GLETTER}
\vskip 36pt
%\centerline{\sansserif \largetitlefont VERSION 2.0}
\vfill
\line{\hfill \vbox{
\hbox{Alan H. Guth}
\medskip
\hbox{Center for Theoretical Physics}
\hbox{Massachusetts Institute of Technology}
\hbox{Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139}
\medskip
\hbox{Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics}
\hbox{60 Garden Street}
\hbox{Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138}
}}
\bigskip \medskip
\hrule
\smallskip
\noindent GLETTER is based in part on a macro package that was
stolen fair and square from the directory of W.~H.~Press.  It has
since grown, however, by a factor of four.
}

{\baselineskip=18pt \vbox{} \vfill
\centerline{\bigbf TABLE OF CONTENTS}
\bigskip
\newbox\boxa \newbox\boxb \newdimen\raiseamount
\def\indbox#1#2#3{{\setbox\boxa=\hbox{\quad p. #3.}
  \setbox\boxb=\vbox{\parfillskip=0pt \hangindent=20pt \advance
  \hsize by -28pt \advance \hsize by -\wd\boxa \noindent #2
  \dotfill\dotfill} \raiseamount=\baselineskip
 \ifdim \ht\boxb > \baselineskip
  \multiply\baselineskip by 2
  \line{\raise \raiseamount \hbox to 28pt{#1.\hfil}\box\boxb
    \box\boxa}
 \else
  \line{\hbox to 28pt{#1.\hfil}\box\boxb \box\boxa}
 \fi}}
\def\indboxap#1#2#3{{\setbox\boxa=\hbox{\quad p. #3.}
  \setbox\boxb=\vbox{\parfillskip=0pt \hangindent=20pt \advance
  \hsize by -72pt \advance \hsize by -\wd\boxa \noindent #2
  \dotfill\dotfill} \raiseamount=\baselineskip
 \ifdim \ht\boxb > \baselineskip
  \multiply\baselineskip by 2
  \line{\raise \raiseamount \hbox to 72pt{#1.\hfil}\box\boxb
    \box\boxa}
 \else
  \line{\hbox to 72pt{#1.\hfil}\box\boxb \box\boxa}
 \fi}}
\def\indboxnonumber#1#2{{\setbox\boxa=\hbox{\quad p. #2.}
  \setbox\boxb=\vbox{\parfillskip=0pt \hangindent=20pt \advance
  \hsize by -28pt \advance \hsize by -\wd\boxa \noindent #1
  \dotfill\dotfill}
 \ifdim \ht\boxb > \baselineskip
  \multiply\baselineskip by 2
 \fi
  \line{\hbox to 28pt{\hfil}\box\boxb \box\boxa}}}
%Sample entry:
%\indboxnonumber{Introduction}{2}
%\indbox{I}{Functional Schrodinger approach to quantum
%field theory in a Robertson - Walker flat spacetime}{3}
\indbox{I}{Purpose}{2}
\indbox{II}{Accessing GLETTER}{3}
\indbox{III}{$\TeX$ing and Printing}{3}
\indbox{IV}{General Information}{4}
\indbox{V}{Alphabetical Listing of GLETTER Commands}{8}
\indboxap{APPENDIX A}{GLETTER Input Commands}{23}
\indboxap{APPENDIX B}{Sample Letter}{25}
\indboxap{APPENDIX C}{Sample Memo}{28}
\indboxap{APPENDIX D}{Sample E-Mail Message}{31}
\indboxap{APPENDIX E}{Line Spacing and Page Breaks}{33}
\indboxap{APPENDIX F}{Treatment of Periods}{33}
\indboxap{APPENDIX G}{Fonts}{34}
\indboxap{APPENDIX H}{Creating a Personalized Letter Heading
Information File}{36}
\indboxap{APPENDIX I}{Processing Very Large Mass Mailings}{37}
\indboxap{APPENDIX J}{Creation of New Letterheads}{38}
\vskip 0pt plus 1.3fill
\eject
}

\def\\{$\backslash$}
{\catcode`\_=12 \gdef\lbar{{\tt _}}}
\def\narrow#1{\advance \rightskip by #1 \advance \leftskip by
   #1 \everydisplay={\advance \displayindent by #1 \advance
   \displaywidth by -#1 \advance \displaywidth by -#1}}
\def\command#1{{\leftskip=40pt \rightskip=20pt \par \noindent
   \hangindent=20pt #1\par}}
\def\noskip{\nobreak \vskip -\parskip \nobreak}
\def\tstrut{\vrule height8.5pt depth0pt width0pt}
\def\t{$\,$}

\superhead{I. PURPOSE}

GLETTER is a macro package for the convenient writing of letters
and memos with $\TeX$.  GLETTER not only creates a facsimile of
the MIT or CfA letterheads, but it also controls the placement
of words on the page.  The goal is a perfect letter (almost)
every time, freeing the author (or typist) from any concern about
the details of the layout.

GLETTER makes it very convenient to type single letters, or to
type mass mailings which can be individually addressed to each
person on a long list.  GLETTER remembers everything that is
typed in, so for a mass mailing it is only necessary to type in
the changes to be made for each individual letter.  GLETTER can
even store the addresses of a mass mailing, formatting them to be
printed or copied onto a sheet of mailing labels.  Overlength
lines will be broken automatically, and the continuation lines
will be indented.  Each address will be centered within its
label, and will be printed with a font size chosen automatically
according to the length of the address. Formats exist for small
labels (1 in $\times$ $2 {1 \over 2}$~in, arranged 11 $\times$ 3
on the page) and for large labels (2 in $\times$ $3 {1 \over
2}$~in, arranged 5 $\times$ 2 on the page). Labels can also be
made directly from an address list, without any letters to be
printed.

GLETTER contains a number of special features to make letter
writing easy.  Both Roman and Sans Serif fonts are supported.
The default font size is 12pt, but 10pt, 11pt, and 11.5pt are
also available.  The author's room number, telephone number,
and/or E-mail (electronic mail) address can be optionally
included in the letterhead.  Facilities exist for multiple
signatures, for annotations at the end of the letter, for
carbon-copy designations, P.S.'s, etc.  Pagebreaks are chosen by
a complicated algorithm that prefers to keep paragraphs intact,
but will split a paragraph when necessary to avoid an
undercrowded or overcrowded page.  A headline (one or two lines
long) is optionally placed at the top of each page beyond the
first.  You can choose between two standard headline formats, or
you can design your own.  Commands exist for stretching or
shrinking the line spacing of the letter, and for forcing a
pagebreak at any desired location, even in the middle of a
paragraph.  There is also a special macro for entering items such
as addresses within the text of a letter: these items are
formatted with the line breaks of the input text, and then the
entire block of text is centered left-right on the page.
Finally, there is a special macro for entering tables into the
text of a letter, which includes a simple procedure for aligning
columns of numbers.

GLETTER also has a mode for printing E-mail messages, so that
incoming messages can be printed with the finished look of $\TeX$
output.  In this mode the usual special meanings of symbols are
removed, so, for example, a dollar sign (\$) in the E-mail
message will print as a dollar sign: \$.

\superhead{II. ACCESSING GLETTER}

If you are on the MIT LNS VAX system (MITLNS), then you can
access GLETTER by beginning your file with the command:

\command{\\input disk\$user:[guth.gletter]gletter.tex}

\noindent The "disk\$user:" prefix is not necessary in most
cases, but allows GLETTER to work even if you do not have the
disk space that you may need for a large mass mailing.  In that
case, you could still proceed by using the temporary disks, as
described in Appendix~I\period At the CfA (Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics), the same files are kept in the
directory CFATA1::c:[guth.gletter].

You may also want to copy the file [guth.gletter]formlet.tex,
which contains a template of GLETTER commands for the
construction of a letter.  You can begin with this file and fill
in the blanks, following the example in Appendix B\period  Optional
commands appear in formlet.tex on lines beginning with \%-signs.
The \%-sign tells $\TeX$ to ignore these lines, so you can use
these commands by deleting the \%-sign.  The file
[guth.gletter]formmem.tex contains a template of commands for a
memo.  If you are using the standard EDT editor on the VAX, you
can insert the template file into the file you are editing by
typing the "GOLD" key and then the "7" key on the keypad; then
respond to the "Command:" prompt by typing

\command{INCLUDE [GUTH.GLETTER]FORMLET.TEX}

If you are not on the LNS VAX system, even if you are outside
of MIT, you can obtain GLETTER by requesting it via E-mail to
GUTH@MITLNS (on Bitnet), GUTH@MITLNS.MIT.EDU (on
Arpanet/Internet), or 44049::GUTH (on SPAN).

If you have any comments, suggestions, questions, or improvements
to GLETTER, or if you discover any bugs, please let me know by
E-mail at one of the addresses above.

\superhead{III. {\bigbfmath $\TeX$}ING AND PRINTING}

To $\TeX$-process the file, you can use the same command that you
always use.  If you are not sure what command to use, the
simplest choice is:

\command{TEX {\it filename}}

\noindent Here {\it filename} is to be replaced by the name of
the file you are editing.  The above command will run the job
interactively.  At the CfA, as far as I can tell, this is the
only possibility.  It is more efficient, however, to process the
file as a batch job.  This can be done on the LNS VAX system,
for example, by copying the files [GUTH]TEXSUB.COM and
[GUTH]TXSB.COM into your root directory.  Then add the line:

\command{\$TX:==@DISK\$USER:[{\it username}]TEXSUB}

\noindent to your LOGIN.COM file.  Here {\it username} is to be
replaced by the name of your root directory, which is presumably
also your computer username.  Be sure to include the brackets
[$\,$]'s.  You can then $\TeX$-process the file by typing:

\command{TX {\it filename}}

\noindent In this case a filename suffix ".tex" will be assumed
if no suffix is typed.  The TX command will produce a ".log", a
".lis", and a ".dvi" file with the same name as {\it filename},
all in the same directory.  If {\it filename} is protected, then
the protection is passed on to the ".lis" and ".dvi" files.

To print the file on CFATA1, just type as usual

\command{TEXP {\it filename}}

\noindent On the LNS VAX, you should avoid using most of the defined
procedures that I have seen in use at the Center for Theoretical
Physics.  GLETTER sets its own margins, and would run into
conflict with many of these procedures.  So just type

\command{IMPRINT /NOFLAG /NOTIFY /QUEUE=CTP\lbar IMAGEN {\it
filename}}

\noindent The {\it filename} should include the ".dvi" suffix.
Other options such as "/COPIES=2" can also be included.  Of
course, CTP\lbar IMAGEN can be replaced by the name of the
printer of your choice.  If you decide to use GLETTER frequently,
it would be useful to add the line:

\command{\hbox{\$GPRINT:==IMPRINT /NOFLAG /NOTIFY /QUEUE=CTP\lbar
IMAGEN}}

\noindent to your LOGIN.COM file.  Then you can print letters
with the command:

\command{GPRINT {\it filename}}

If you have defined both the TX and GPRINT commands, then you can
even combine them.  To $\TeX$-process and print two copies of a
file in one operation, you can type:

\command{TX {\it filename} GPRINT /COPIES=2}

\superhead{IV.  GENERAL INFORMATION}

In the standard use of $\TeX$, the symbols that you type into
your input file are converted more or less instantly to output by
the $\TeX$ processor.  Not so with GLETTER\period  With GLETTER,
the texts of the various parts of the letter are read in
separately, with input commands which are defined by
GLETTER\period A summary of these input commands is given as a
table in Appendix A, on page 23.  GLETTER then has the
opportunity to manipulate these texts prior to producing output.
No output is produced until the \\makeletter command is
processed--- at that point all the parts of the letter are put
together in a standard order, independently of the order in which
the parts were entered.

The technique by which GLETTER enters text and then produces
output later allows for a number of capabilities.  First, it
means that successive letters in a mass mailing can be produced
by reentering only those parts of the letter that are to be
changed, and then typing \\makeletter.  Typically one might
update the \\address and \\dear entries for each letter.  In
addition, GLETTER has the opportunity to process the text in ways
that are more complicated than in standard $\TeX$.  GLETTER in
fact processes the entire letter prior to producing any output,
just to determine in advance whether the letter will fit on one
page. It then uses this information to choose parameters for line
spacing, page breaking, and page centering.  In addition, the
label-making program in GLETTER processes an address several
times to find the largest font that will allow the address to fit
on the label.

The text input mechanism of GLETTER does, however, produce a few
complications which the user should be aware of.  First, a few
standard $\TeX$ commands, such as \\obeylines and \\obeyspaces,
will not work with GLETTER\period If you want to use a command
such as \\halign within the text of the letter, it is necessary
to replace each occurrence of "\#" with "\#\#".  A similar
substitution must be made for definitions which have parameters
and which are given within the text of a letter.  It is possible,
however, to state definitions before the text of the letter,
without doubling of \#'s.  (Note that "\\\#", intended to print
the symbol "\#", can be used as usual.)  Another complication is
that any error messages generated by your text will usually
appear twice in the ".lis" file--- it may occur even more than
twice if it is generated by the text of an address.  Another
peculiar effect of the GLETTER input procedure is the occasional
appearance of extraneous lettering superimposed on the
letterhead.  If this occurs, it means that some text was
mistakenly entered outside of any GLETTER input command.  Perhaps
a \%-sign was omitted from a comment line, or perhaps a backslash
was omitted from a command. No matter where in the file such an
error might occur, as long as it is before the \\makeletter
command, $\TeX$ will process it first.  The extraneous text will
be printed at the top of the page, and then \\makeletter will
cause the letterhead to be superimposed.

Each input item must somehow be terminated, and GLETTER uses
three different kind of terminators.  The terminator for each
input command is shown in the table of Appendix A, and also in
the alphabetical listing of commands in the following section.
Most entries are terminated as 1-line entries.  For example, the
date can be entered as the 1-line entry:

\command{\\date March 3, 1988}

\noindent A 1-line input command such as \\date reads in as input
the balance of the line on which it appears.  Sometimes, however,
the information to be read in as 1-line input may not fit on a
single line.  For example, in a carbon-copy listing one might
wish to give a full address.  In that case, one can use multiple
lines by ending the earlier line with a space followed by a
percent sign.  For example:

\command{\\cc Alan Guth, Department of Physics, Massachusetts
Institute of $\%$}
\noskip\command{Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139}

\noindent (The \%-sign is $\TeX$'s comment symbol.  In the usage
above it hides the carriage return at the end of the first line,
so that $\TeX$ reads the two lines as if they were one.)  In a
1-line entry one must \underbar{\bf not} use a \%-sign for a
comment symbol.  In the case of a carbon-copy entry for which the
\underbar{output} does not fit on one line, the text will
continue onto a second line which is indented under the previous
line.

For items such as addresses, GLETTER uses a multiple line entry
terminated by a blank line.  For example:

\command{\\address}
\noskip \command{Prof. Alpha B. Gamma}
\noskip \command{Department of Alchemy}
\noskip \command{Massachusetts Institute of Technology}
\noskip \command{Cambridge, MA 02139}
\noskip \command{{\it (Blank line)}}
\noskip \command{\\date March 3, 1988}

\noindent While $\TeX$ normally ignores line breaks in the input
text, in a multiple line entry the line breaks are read in and
preserved.  Within a multiple line entry one must again avoid the
use of \%-signs as comment symbols, since they would cause lines
to be merged into one.  There is also one minor glitch: if for
some reason you need to isolate a single line by using curly
brackets $\{\,\}$ (perhaps to put it into a special font), then
it will be necessary to double them: $\{\{\,\}\}$.

Finally, the body of the letter is read in as a multiple
paragraph entry, terminated by the $\TeX$ command \\endbody.
Within a multiple paragraph entry, a blank line denotes a break
between paragraphs, as in standard $\TeX$.  Within the text of a
multiple paragraph entry, \%-signs can be used as comment
symbols, as in standard $\TeX$. A postscript (P.S.), or the text
of an E-mail message to be processed, are also read in as
multiple paragraph entries, with specific GLETTER commands as
terminators (as shown in Appendix A).

In the listing of commands in the next section, some of these
commands are called parameters.  A parameter is a numerical
quantity used by $\TeX$ in formatting the output.  For example,
the parameter \\sigindent controls how far the closing and
author's name should be indented.  Each parameter has a default
value, the value that the parameter will have if you do nothing.
These default values are specified in the next section.  In the
case of \\sigindent, the default value is 3 inches (if you are
using the MIT letterhead).  To change the value of \\sigindent to
$3{1 \over 2}$ inches, you can enter the following line into the
input file:

\command{\\sigindent=3.5truein}

\noindent The command is written with "truein" (true inches)
rather than "in" (inches), to allow for the possibility of
magnification.  GLETTER normally operates with a magnification of
1200 (really a factor of 1.2).  This means that a quantity
specified as 1in will actually print as 1.2 inches, while a
quantity specified as 1truein will nonetheless print as 1 inch.

Some of the parameters are skips, such as \\sigskip, which
controls how much space is allowed for the signature.  The
default value of \\sigskip is 36pt plus 12pt minus 12pt  (1 in
$\approx$ 72 pt).  For non-$\TeX$ experts, the plus number
specifies the normal amount by which the spacing can stretch if
the page is underfull, and the minus number specifies the normal
amount by which the spacing can shrink if the page is overfull.
These limits are not absolute, but $\TeX$ will try to avoid
stretching or shrinking beyond these specifications.

The order in which GLETTER commands appear in the input file is
very flexible.  A few GLETTER commands, as indicated in the
alphabetical listing of commands, are intended for use within the
input text of another command.  Most GLETTER commands, however,
are independent and can be entered in any order.  The
\\makeletter command must appear last.

\vfill \eject

\superhead{V.  ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF GLETTER COMMANDS}


{\parindent=0pt
\def\command#1{\par {\leftskip=40pt \rightskip=20pt \noindent
   #1\par}}
\def\title#1{{\par \leftskip=0pt {\bf #1:}\par} \leftskip=20pt
\nobreak}

\title{@}
A symbol used for the alignment of columns of numbers.  In digit
mode, the @-symbol is printed invisibly, but takes up exactly the
space of one digit, which is also the space of a dollar sign.
Digit mode is turned on automatically inside the \\table command,
and it can also be turned on at any time by the \\digits command
or turned off by the \\nodigits command.  In digit mode, the
@-symbol can be printed, if needed, by the \\at command.  For an
example of number alignment, see sample letter.

\title{\\addline}
An underlining command, designed to be used to underline the last
number in a column of numbers to be added.  It works like the
standard $\TeX$ command \\underbar, but it leaves a little extra
space both above and below the line.  To keep the numbers
aligned, it is best to first type the line without \\addline, and
then insert \\addline$\{$ before the number and $\}$ after it.
For an example, see the sample letter.

\title{\\address}
Multiple line input command for the address to which the letter
is to be sent.  Input is terminated by a blank line.  The address
may be up to 10 lines long.  Overlength lines will be broken
automatically and continued with indentation.  The standard
indentation is 20pt in the letter, and 12.5pt on a mailing label.
You may prefer to break an overlength line yourself.  If so, you
can indent the continuation line by any number of spaces, and
GLETTER will print the line with the standard indentation.
Example:

\command{\\address}
\noskip \command{Borland International}
\noskip \command{4585 Scotts Valley Drive}
\noskip \command{Scotts Valley, CA 95066}
\noskip \command{\\smallskip}
\noskip \command{ATTN: Technical Support}
\noskip \command{{\it (Blank line)}}

\noindent For another example, see the sample letter.

\title{\\addressee}
1-line input command for changing the name of the addressee.  The
name of the addressee is printed in the headline which will
appear on all pages after the first.  For a letter, GLETTER will
take by default the first line of the address as the addressee.
For a memo, it will take the entry on the "To:" line.  To change
the addressee to "Colloquium Committee", for example, enter the
line:

\command{\\addressee Colloquium Committee}

\title{\\addresses}
Multiple line input command for entering a list of addresses to
be printed on labels.  The first address should begin on the line
following \\addresses, and lines should be skipped between
addresses. Terminate with \\endaddresses, which should be typed
on the line following the last address.  Overlength lines and
indentations are handled in the same way as with the \\address
command.  The label sheet will be created automatically when
there are enough addresses to fill the page.  When the \\end
command is given at the end of the file, all remaining addresses
will be placed onto a label sheet.

\title{\\addresslimit}
Parameter to set the maximum length of a line of the address, as
printed in the letter.  Default value is 3truein.  Longer lines
will be broken, with the continuation indented by 20pt.

\title{\\addressskip}
Parameter to set the line skip (\\baselineskip) within the
\\address, \\re, and \\cc entries.  Default value is 10.5pt plus
1.5pt minus 1pt, which is narrower than the rest of the text.

\title{\\annotations}
1-line input command for entering an annotation to appear
immediately after the closing material of the letter.  For an
example, see the sample letter.

\title{\\applewriter}
If you are using an Applewriter rather than an Imagen printer,
you will probably need to include the command \\applewriter in
your input file in order to reset the margins to conform to the
conventions of that printer.  In general, the command
\\applewriter will decrease both the top and left margins by 1
inch.  The command \\noapplewriter will do the opposite.

\title{\\author}
1-line input command for changing the name of the author of the
letter.  By default, this name is taken as the signature line, as
entered by the \\closing or \\sincerely commands. In a memo, it
is taken as the entry on the "From:" line.  The name is used in
the headline which appears on all pages after the first, if you
have selected headline Style B.  The name is also used in the
message created in the ".lis" file.  For example, to change the
author name to "Smith," enter the line:

\command{\\author Smith}

\title{\\body}
Paragraph mode input command to enter  the body of a letter to be
printed.  Terminate with \\endbody.  Paragraphs should be
separated by blank lines, as usual.  Paragraphs will begin by
default with an indentation of 20pt.  To change this, for
example, to zero, type "\\parindent=0pt" at the beginning of the
\\body text.  Paragraphs will be separated by default by the
extra spacing 6pt plus 3pt minus 3pt for the case of one-page
letters, and 6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt for the case of multipage
letters.  (For non-$\TeX$ experts, the plus number specifies the
normal amount by which the spacing can stretch if the page is
underfull, and the minus number specifies the normal amount by
which the spacing can shrink if the page is overfull.)  In either
case this spacing may be rescaled by the \\stretch or \\shrink
commands.  To change the extra spacing for paragraphs to zero,
for example, type "\\parskip=0pt" at the beginning of the \\body
text.

\title{\\cc}
1-line input command to enter a carbon copy designation at the
bottom of the letter.  If there is more than one name to be
listed, the names can be combined in a single \\cc
entry or listed separately.  For example, the input

\command{\\cc Person 1 and Person 2}

\noindent will produce the output

\command{\hbox to 20pt {cc: \hfil}Person 1 and Person 2}

\noindent while the input

\command{\\cc Person 1}
\noskip\command{\\cc Person 2}

\noindent will produce the output

\command{\hbox to 20pt {cc: \hfil}Person 1}
\noskip\command{\hbox to 20pt {\hfil}Person 2}

There is no limit to the number of \\cc entries that can be
included in a single letter.  If the output for a single entry
cannot fit on one line, then the line will be broken and
continued with indentation.  In mass mailings, any \\cc entry
will replace all of the \\cc entries from the previous letter---
the \\cc entries from a previous letter can be cancelled by
typing \\cc on an otherwise blank line.  For an example, see the
sample letter.

\title{\\centerblock}
Command to enter a block of text, such as an address, within the
body or within a P.S.\ of a letter.  The block can be one or more
lines long.  The format of the command is:

\command{\\endbody\\centerblock}
\noskip \command{{\it First line of block}}
\noskip \command{$\cdots$}
\noskip \command{{\it Last line of block}}
\noskip \command{{\it (Blank line)}}
\noskip \command{{\it (Resume text of body)}}

Note that the \\endbody command, in this context, does not
actually end the body of the letter, but only interrupts it for a
different type of input.  If the centerblock is inserted in a
P.S., then use \\endps instead of \\endbody.  The block of text
is printed with the line breaks from the input file.  The block
is centered left-right on the page, and printed with a slightly
narrower line spacing than the rest of the text.  If you prefer
the line spacing of the rest of the text, insert the command

\command{\\baselineskip=\\textbaselineskip}

after the \\centerblock command, on the same line.  You can also
leave a little extra space between any two lines by inserting the
line

\command{\\noalign$\{$\\smallskip$\}$}

between them.  The \\smallskip above can be replaced by any skip
statement that you prefer.  Within the centerblock text, any
period is interpreted by default as an abbreviation, and not an
end-of-sentence.  To create an end-of-sentence space, use the
\\period command instead of a ".".  When the text of the letter
is resumed, a new paragraph is automatically begun.  If an
indentation is not desired, then begin with \\noindent.  For an
example, see the sample memo.

\title{\\cfa}
Command to invoke the CfA (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for
Astrophysics) letterhead.  The command also sets the page size,
margins, and other defaults to values appropriate for the CfA
letterhead design.  Specifically, the command sets
\\hsize=6truein, \\hoffset=1.25truein, \\vsize=8.75truein,
\\voffset=1truein, \\datestyle=2, and \\sigindent=3.5truein.

\title{\\closing}
Multiline input command for closing material--- e.g., "Yours
Truly," author line, and optional title.  There is no limit to
the number of lines of title.  Terminate with a blank line.  For
examples, see the sample letter and memo.

\title{\\closingskip}
Parameter which specifies extra space to be left between the
\\closing, \\annotations, \\ps, and \\secretary entries.  Default
value is 4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt.

\title{\\columns}
A parameter to set the number of columns to be used within the
\\table command.  Possible values are 1 to 8, default value is 8.
It appears that one can use this default value even when fewer
columns are actually used, but I do not know if this will work
for all versions of $\TeX$.

\title{\\cw}
Command used for the alignment of columns of numbers.  It prints
invisibly, but takes up exactly the amount of room as a comma.

\title{\\date}
1-line input command to enter the date.  If not entered, by
default the date is set to the date on which the $\TeX$ file is
processed.  Example:

\command{\\date September 1, 1988}

\title{\\datestyle}
A parameter to change the format for printing the date.  In most
cases the default will be what is wanted, so the \\datestyle
parameter need not be set.  \\datestyle=0 omits the date.
\\datestyle=1 produces a date flush against the right margin.
\\datestyle=2 produces a date indented by \\sigindent, to line up
with the signature.  \\datestyle=3 is for memos, producing the
line

\command{Date:  September 1, 1988}

beginning at the left margin.  \\datestyle=4 includes the date
with a return address at the upper right, and defaults to
\\datestyle=1 when no return address has been entered.
\\datestyle=1 is the default for the MIT letterhead,
\\datestyle=2 is the default for the CfA letterhead,
\\datestyle=3 is the default for memos, and \\datestyle=4 is the
default whenever a return address has been entered.  To change
\\datestyle to 2 and \\sigindent to 3.5 in (the recommended value
with \\datestyle=2), type

\command{\\datestyle=2 \\sigindent=3.5truein}

\title{\\dear}
1-line input command to enter the "Dear" line of the letter.
Example:

\command{\\dear Prof. Seymour Slack:}

Within the dear entry, any period will be interpreted by default
as an abbreviation, rather than an end-of-sentence.  Note that
GLETTER does not automatically insert any punctuation at the end
of a "Dear" line--- if you want a colon, you must type it as part
of the entry.

\title{\\digits}
Command used for the alignment of columns of numbers.  The
\\digits command switches to digit mode.  In digit mode, the
meaning of the @-symbol is changed so that it prints invisibly,
but leaves exactly the space of a single digit, which is also the
space of a dollar sign.  Similarly the command \\cw (comma width)
prints invisibly, but leaves exactly the space of a comma. In
this mode the @-symbol can be printed by typing the command \\at.
The command \\nodigits returns to normal mode.  Within the
\\table command, digit mode is the default mode.

\title{\\division}
1-line input command to change the division which is printed as
part of the MIT letterhead.  By default, the division is "Center
for Theoretical Physics".  To change to "Center for Space
Research", enter the line

\command{\\division Center for Space Research}

To omit the division from the letterhead, enter the command
\\division on an otherwise blank line.
%%CHECK:  Check this statement.

\title{\\email}
1-line input command to enter an optional E-mail address to be
printed as part of the MIT letterhead.  For an example, see the
sample memo.  (For compatibility with earlier versions, the
command \\bitnet is equivalent).

\title{\\emailbody}
Paragraph mode input command for the body of an E-mail message to
be printed.  Terminate with \\endemailbody.  Paragraphs should be
separated by blank lines, as usual.  Within the text, all symbols
(including \$, $\{$, $\}$, \&, \#, and \\) are printed verbatim.  It
is therefore impossible to use $\TeX$ commands within a text
entered with \\emailbody.  Note that it is possible to send an
E-mail message formatted with $\TeX$ commands, in which case one
should use the \\body command to enter it.

\title{\\emailheading}
Multiline input command to enter the heading material of an
E-mail message to be printed.  Terminate with \\endemailheading.
The command automatically cancels the printing of the letterhead
and the date.  The line breaks of the input file will be
preserved in printing, and the special symbols (\$, $\{$, $\}$,
\&, \#, \\, etc.) will be printed verbatim.

\title{\\extraauthor}
Multiline input command to enter the name, with an optional one
or more lines of title, of an additional author of the letter.
Terminate with a blank line.  There is no limit to the number of
additional authors.  In the output, the authors will be listed in
succession, one below the other.  This command must be entered
after the \\closing (or \\sincerely) command.

\title{\\fastlong}
GLETTER normally processes each letter twice.  The sole purpose
of the first processing is to determine if the letter will fit on
one page.  This redundant processing can waste computer time,
especially in a large mass mailing.  The command \\fastlong tells
GLETTER to process the letter only once, and to assume that it is
long (greater than one page).  Alternatively, the command
\\fastshort tells GLETTER to process the letter only once, but to
assume that it is short (one page).  The command \\slow will
cancel the effect of \\fastlong or \\fastshort, returning to the
normal mode of processing each letter twice.

\title{\\fastshort}
See entry under \\fastlong.

\title{\\from}
1-line input command to enter the text of the "From:" line in a
memo.  For an example, see the sample memo.

\title{\\headline}
1-line input command (for experienced $\TeX$ users only) to
create a new headline for the second and subsequent pages of the
letter.  Use it to enter the $\TeX$ commands for the new
headline.  When printing, GLETTER will add the command \\hfil at
the end of the text supplied by the user.  As an example, the
standard headline Style A could be created by the line:

\command{\\headline \t\\normal \t\\waddressee\\hfill--\t --
\t\\folio \t--\t --\\hfill\\wdate}

(See entry under \\headlinestylea.)  Note that GLETTER
automatically defines \\normal to be the text font of the letter,
\\waddressee to be the name of the addressee, \\folio to be the
page number, and \\wdate to be the date.  As an alternative
example, the first line of the standard headline Style B (see
entry under \\headlinestyleb) could be created by the command:

\command{\\headline \t\\normal \t\\wauthor
\t\\raise1pt\\hbox$\{$\$\\,\$::\$\\,\$$\}$\\waddressee \t\%}
\noskip \command{\\hfill \t p.\raise2pt\hbox{$\sim$}\\folio}

The second line of standard headline Style B could be created by
the command

\command{\\headlineb \\normal \\wdate}

\title{\\headlineb}
See entry for \\headline.

\title{\\headlinestylea}
Command to choose Style A for the headline that will appear at
the top of the second and subsequent pages.  An example of
headline Style A is:

\vskip \parskip \medskip
\line{Prof.\ Mary Smith\hfill--2--\hfill September 1, 1988}
\medskip

Alternatively, you could use \\headlinestyleb, \\noheadline, or
you can construct your own headline style with the \\headline
command.

\title{\\headlinestyleb}
Command to choose Style B for the headline that will appear at
the top of the second and subsequent pages.  An example of
headline Style B is:

\vskip \parskip \medskip
\vbox{\baselineskip=12pt
\line{Alan H. Guth\raise1pt\hbox{$\,$::$\,$}Prof.\ Mary
Smith\hfill p.~2}
\line{September 1, 1988 \hfill}}
\medskip
Alternatively, you could use \\headlinestylea, \\noheadline, or
you can construct your own headline style with the \\headline
command.

\title{\\impersonal}
Command to simultaneously clear the \\room, \\telephone, and
\\email entries.

\title{\\itemize}
Command to set up an itemized list within the body of a letter.
The format is as follows:

\command{\\itemize$\{$}
\noskip\command{\hbox{}}
\noskip\command{1) The \\itemize command produces the same effect
as the \\item command of standard $\TeX$, except that the \\item
command must be repeated for each item in the list.}
\noskip\command{\hbox{}}
\noskip\command{2) When using \\itemize, the first word appearing
in each paragraph of the input file is used as the heading for
that paragraph.  For this paragraph the heading is "2)".}
\noskip\command{$\}$}

To see an example of the output from an \\itemize command, see
the sample memo.

\title{\\labelbottom}
Parameter to set the minimum amount of space to be left at the
bottom of each label.  Default values are 8truept for small
labels, and 18truept for large labels.  GLETTER will
automatically choose a font small enough to allow this much
space.

\title{\\labelcopies}
Parameter to set the number of copies of each label sheet to be
printed.  Default value is 1.  To print 2 copies of each label
sheet, enter the line:

\command{\\labelcopies=2}

\title{\\labelhoffset}
Parameter to set the left margin (\\hoffset) for the label sheet.
Default values are 0.35truein for small labels, or 0.5truein for
large labels.

\title{\\labelhsize}
Parameter to set the horizontal size (\\hsize) for the label
sheet.  Default values are 7.8truein for small labels, or
7.5truein for large labels.

\title{\\labelht}
Parameter to set the height of each mailing label.  Default
values are 0.985truein for small labels, and 1.97truein for large
labels.

\title{\\labelsep}
Parameter to set the horizontal separation between the right
margin of one label and the left margin ot the next.  Default
values are 0.45truein for small labels, and 1truein for large
labels.

\title{\\labeltitle}
1-line input command to enter a title to be printed on the top of
all label sheets.  For example:

\command{\\labeltitle Preprint Mailing, September 1988}

\title{\\labeltop}
Parameter to set the minimum amount of space to be left at the
top of each label.  Default values are 8truept for small labels,
and 18truept for large labels.

\title{\\labelvoffset}
Parameter to set the top margin (\\voffset) for the label sheet.
Default values are 1.0truein for small labels and 0.5truein for
large labels.

\title{\\labelvsize}
Parameter to set the vertical size (\\vsize) for the label sheet.
Default values are 9.2truein for small labels, or 10.0truein for
large labels.

\title{\\labelwd}
Parameter to set the width for the text within a mailing label.
Default values are 2.25truein for small labels, and 3.25truein
for large labels.

\title{\\largelabels}
Command to specify that the label sheet should be printed in
large label format.  The default is for small labels, 1 in
$\times$ $2 {1 \over 2}$ in, arranged 11 $\times$ 3 on the page.
This command specifies large labels, 2 in $\times$ $3 {1 \over
2}$ in, arranged 5 $\times$ 2 on the page.  The command must be
issued before any addresses are stored for label printing.

\title{\\letterheadspace}
Parameter to use with \\noletterhead, to allow extra space for a
letterhead at the top of the first page.  Intended for use when
printing or copying the letter onto letterhead stationary.
Default value is 0pt, which corresponds to a top margin of 0.85
inches.  For example, to leave 2.85 inches from the top of the
page for a letterhead, type the line:

\command{\\noletterhead \\letterheadspace=2truein}

\noindent The text of the letter will be centered within the
remaining space, so do not expect it to necessarily start at
2.85 inches.

\title{\\longbaselineskip}
Parameter to set the line spacing (\\baselineskip) for the body
of multipage letters.  Default value is 12pt.

\title{\\longparskip}
Parameter to set the extra space (\\parskip) to be allowed for
paragraph breaks in multipage letters.  Default value is 6pt plus
2pt minus 2pt.

\title{\\makelabels}
This is the only GLETTER command, other than \\makeletter, which
actually produces output to the ".dvi" file.  \\makelabels,
however, need rarely be used.  \\makelabels forces the creation
of a label sheet containing all addresses currently stored for
label printing, and begins a new label sheet.
If \\makelabels is omitted, then a label sheet is produced
whenever there are enough addresses to fill it, and a final sheet
is produced when the \\end command terminates the input file.

\title{\\memo}
Command to convert to memo format, rather than letter format.  If
the \\to command it used, then the \\memo command can be omitted.

\title{\\mit}
Command to select the MIT letterhead.  This command is the
default option, and need only be used to reset the MIT letterhead
once another letterhead has been used.  The command also sets the
page size, margins, and other defaults to values appropriate for
the style of the MIT letterhead.  Specifically, it sets
\\hsize=6.4truein, \\hoffset=1truein, \\vsize=8.9truein,
\\voffset=1truein, \\datestyle=1, and \\sigindent=3truein.

\title{\\noapplewriter}
See entry under \\applewriter.

\title{\\nodate}
Causes the date to be omitted from the letter.  Use instead of
the \\date input command.

\title{\\nodigits}
See the entry under \\digits.

\title{\\noheadline}
Command to cancel the headline which would otherwise occur on the
second and subsequent pages.  If you choose this option, you may
want to also use \\pagenumbers to place a page number at the
bottom of the second and subsequent pages.

\title{\\noletterhead}
Command to cancel the printing of any letterhead.  One can use
the \\letterheadspace parameter to leave room for a letterhead,
so that one can print or copy the letter onto letterhead
stationary.  The \\noletterhead option sets margins and other
defaults to standard values.  Specifically, it sets
\\hsize=6.4truein, \\hoffset=1truein,
\\vsize=8.9truein, \\voffset=1truein, \\datestyle=4, and
\\sigindent=3truein.

\title{\\normalperiod}
Of the GLETTER input commands, all except \\body, \\emailbody,
and \\ps interpret the input text in short period mode.  This
means that periods are always assumed to indicate abbreviations,
so end-of-sentence spaces are not inserted.  Use the
\\normalperiod command if you want to exit short period mode,
restoring $\TeX$'s normal conventions for the treatment of
periods.  See Appendix F for more details.

\title{\\nosaveaddress}
See entry under \\saveaddress.

\title{\\nosimplequotes}
See entry under \\simplequotes.

\title{\\pagebreak}
While normally GLETTER can be trusted to choose page breaks in a
satisfactory way, occasionally there is a need to override
GLETTER's choices.  The \\pagebreak command can be used to force
a page break at a particular location.  When used between
paragraphs, it forces a page break between the paragraphs.  When
used in the middle of a paragraph, it forces a page break
immediately below the line on which it occurs.  In the middle of
a paragraph, a space or carriage return should separate
\\pagebreak from the previous word.

\title{\\pagenumbers}
Command to cause numbers to be printed at the bottom of the
second and subsequent pages.  To cancel, use \\nopagenumbers.

\title{\\period}
Command to be used within an input text, to create a period
followed by an end-of-sentence space.  Example:

\command{Be careful of sentences that end with words like
MIT\\period  By normal $\TeX$ conventions the period at the end
of the previous sentence would be interpreted as an abbreviation,
and no end-of-sentence space would be inserted.}

See Appendix F for a discussion.

\title{\\raddresslimit}
Parameter that works exactly like \\addresslimit, except that it
applies to return addresses.

\title{\\re}
1-line input command to enter the optional "Re.:" (regarding)
line.  Example:

\command{\\re Reimbursement of expenses}
See also the example in the sample letter.

\title{\\reset}
In a file containing multiple but unrelated letters, use \\reset
to clear all entries and reset all defaults before the printing
of a new letter.  A letter that follows the \\reset command will
be printed exactly as if no prior text existed.

\title{\\returnaddress}
Multiline input command to enter an optional return address.  The
format is identical to the \\address command.

\title{\\room}
1-line input command to enter an optional room number, to be
printed as part of the MIT letterhead.

\title{\\saveaddress}
Command to cause subsequent addresses entered with the \\address
command to be saved to be printed on a label sheet.  The label
sheet will then be created automatically whenever there are
enough addresses to fill it, or whenever the \\end command of the
input file is reached.  The saving of addresses can be turned off
at any point by using the \\nosaveaddress command.

\title{\\secretary}
1-line input command to enter a secretarial annotation.
Example:

\command{\\secretary AHG:rg}

When this line is printed GLETTER will leave a little more space
than normal both before and after the colon, for improved
appearance.  See the sample letter.

\title{\\shortbaselineskip}
Parameter to set the line spacing (\\baselineskip) for the body
of one-page letters.  Default value is 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt.
If this parameter is reset, then one should also reset the
parameter \\minbaselineskip, which should be equal to the mininum
value of \\shortbaselineskip.  By minimum value, I mean the
primary value (first number) less the maximum shrinkage (the
number after the word "minus").  For the default case,
\\minbaselineskip=10pt.

\title{\\shortparskip}
Parameter to set the extra space (\\parskip) to be allowed for
paragraph breaks in one-page letters.  Default value is 6pt plus
3pt minus 3pt.  If this parameter is reset, then one should also
reset the parameter \\minparskip, which should be equal to the
mininum value of \\shortparskip.  By minimum value, I mean the
primary value (first number) less the maximum shrinkage (the
number after the word "minus").  For the default case,
\\minparskip=3pt.

\title{\\shortperiod}
Command to be used within input text to enter short period mode.
In short period mode all periods are interpreted as indicating
abbreviations, so no end-of-sentence spaces are inserted.  Short
period mode is the default for all GLETTER input commands except
\\body, \\emailbody, and \\ps.  To exit short period mode, use
the command \\normalperiod.  See Appendix F for a discussion.

\title{\\showall}
If you have learned to interpret the boxes that are printed with
error messages in the ".lis" file, then you may sometimes want to
use the \\showall command.  This command causes $\TeX$ to print
out the full box.

\title{\\shrink}
Command to shrink all line skips, except for \\addressskip, by
5\%.  The command may be used repeatedly, to amplify the effect.
See Appendix E for a discussion.

\title{\\sigindent}
Parameter which sets the indentation for the closing and
author name lines.  Default value is 3truein for the MIT
letterhead, and 3.5truein for the CfA letterhead.  It is
recommended that 3.5truein be used whenever \\datestyle=2 is
used.

\title{\\sigskip}
Parameter to set the extra space allowed for the signature.
Default value is 36pt plus 12pt minus 12pt.

\title{\\simplequotes}
Normally in $\TeX$ one must type "{\tt `\relax`}" for an open
quotation mark, and "{\tt '\relax'}" or "{\tt \quote}" for a
close quotation mark.  \\simplequotes causes a switch to simple
quote mode, in which the meaning of the ordinary keyboard
quotation mark "{\tt \quote}" alternates between open quotation
mark and close quotation mark.  Simple quote mode is the default
for all GLETTER input commands.  Use \\nosimplequotes to turn off
simple quote mode.

\title{\\sincerely}
Multiline input command for name and title of author.  For
example, you can use the lines

\command{\\sincerely}
\noskip\command{Samantha Smart}
\noskip\command{{\it (Blank line)}}

as an abbreviation of

\command{\\closing}
\noskip\command{Sincerely,}
\noskip\command{Samantha Smart}
\noskip\command{{\it (Blank line)}}

\title{\\slow}
Command to cancel the effect of \\fastshort or \\fastlong.

\title{\\spacea, \\spaceb, $\ldots$ , \\spaceg}
Parameters to set the spacing between columns within the \\table
command.  \\spacea sets the spacing between the first and second
columns, \\spaceb sets the spacing between the second and third
columns, etc.  Default value is 20pt.

\title{\\stretch}
Command to stretch all line skips, except for \\addressskip, by
5\%.  The command may be used repeatedly.  See Appendix E for a
discussion.

\title{\\subject}
1-line input command to enter the subject line of a memo.  For an
example, see sample memo.

\title{\\superheadline}
1-line input command to enter a "superheadline", to be printed
above the letterhead.  Intended for comments such as "PRELIMINARY
DRAFT".  To stand out over the letterhead, \\bf or \\bigbf type
is recommended.  Format:

\command{\\bigbf \t--\t -- \t PRELIMINARY DRAFT \t--\t --}

For an example, see the sample letter.

\title{\\table}
Command to be used within the input text of the \\body or \\ps
command, to create a table.  Sample format:

\setbox0=\hbox{Item1a \qquad}
\command{\\endbody\\table \t\\columns=3 \t\\spacea=10pt
   \t\\baselineskip= \t\%}
\noskip\command{\qquad \\addressskip}
\noskip\command{\hbox{\hbox to \wd0{Title1 \hfill} \hbox to
   \wd0{\&Title2 \hfill} \&Title3}}
\noskip\command{\\noalign$\{$\\smallskip$\}$}
\noskip\command{Item1a \qquad \&Item2a \qquad \&Item3a}
\noskip\command{Item1b \qquad \&Item2b \qquad \&Item3b}
\noskip\command{{\it (Blank line)}}
\noskip\command{{\it (Continuation of \\body text)}}

Each line is equivalent to a 1-line input, and can be continued
by ending with a space followed by a \%-sign.  The result of the
input above will be a 3-column table, centered left-right on the
page.  The spacing indicated by \\spacea will be inserted between
columns 1 and 2, \\spaceb will be inserted between columns 2 and
3, etc.  The default value for each space is 20pt.  The default
value for \\columns is 8.  It appears that one can use this
default value regardless of the number of columns, but I do not
know if this will work for all versions of $\TeX$.  The optional
command "\\baselineskip = \\addressskip", as shown above, will
cause the line spacing to be a little narrower than the rest of
the text. If one is using \\table within a P.S., then the
\\endbody shown above must be replaced by \\endps.  Note that in
this context the \\body or \\ps input is not terminated, but is
only interrupted for a different format of input.  When the input
text of the \\body or \\ps is resumed, $\TeX$ will assume the
start of a new paragraph.  If an indentation is not desired, then
begin with the command \\noindent.  For an example, see the
sample letter.

\title{\\telephone}
1-line input command to enter an optional telephone number, to be
printed as part of the MIT letterhead.

\title{\\to}
1-line input command to enter the text of the "To:" line of a
memo.  This command also tells GLETTER to print the text as a
memo, rather than a letter.  (Some confusion may be caused by the
fact that standard $\TeX$ uses \\to to print the\break symbol
$\rightarrow$.  Fortunately $\TeX$ also provides the command
\\rightarrow to print the same symbol.)  Example:

\command{\\to Prof. Henry Higgins, Room 12-133, 253-2578}

See also the sample memo.

\vfill \eject
}

%INPUT COMMANDS OF GLETTER

{\baselineskip=12pt \lineskip=0pt

\newdimen\leftspace  \newdimen\rightspace \newdimen\middlespace
\newdimen\textspace \newdimen\longspace \newdimen\leftmiddlespace

\setbox0=\hbox{\hskip 25pt \\returnaddress\hskip 5pt}
\leftspace=\wd0

\setbox0=\hbox{\hskip 5pt \\endemailheading\hskip 5pt}
\rightspace=\wd0

\middlespace=\hsize \advance\middlespace by -\leftspace
\advance\middlespace by -\rightspace  \advance\middlespace by
-1.6pt \textspace=\middlespace \advance\textspace by -10pt

\longspace=\hsize  \advance\longspace by -0.8pt

\leftmiddlespace=\leftspace  \advance\leftmiddlespace by
  \middlespace \advance\leftmiddlespace by 0.4pt

\def\aentry#1#2#3{\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textspace \noindent
   \hangindent 20pt \tstrut #2} \setbox1=\vbox{\vskip 5pt
   \hbox{\hskip 5pt \box0 \hskip 5pt} \vskip -\prevdepth \vskip 5pt}
   \hbox{\vrule \vbox to \ht1{\vfill \hbox to \leftspace{\hskip
   25pt #1 \hfill} \vskip -\prevdepth \vfill}\vrule \copy1 \vrule
   \vbox to \ht1{\vfill \hbox to \rightspace{\hfill #3\hfill}
   \vskip -\prevdepth \vfill}\vrule} \hrule \vskip 0pt}

\def\aentryheading#1{\hbox{\vrule \vbox{\vskip 5pt \hbox to
   \leftspace{\hskip 5pt \tstrut #1 \hfill} \vskip -\prevdepth \vskip
   5pt}\vrule \hskip \middlespace \vrule \hskip \rightspace
   \vrule} \hrule}

\def\aentryheadinglong#1{\hbox{\vrule \vbox{\vskip 5pt \hbox to
   \leftmiddlespace{\hskip 5pt \tstrut #1 \hfill} \vskip -\prevdepth
   \vskip 5pt}\vrule \hskip \rightspace \vrule} \hrule}

\superhead{APPENDIX A: GLETTER INPUT COMMANDS}

\bigskip

\hrule

\hbox{\vrule \vbox{\vskip 12pt \hbox to \longspace{\hfill INPUT
COMMANDS OF GLETTER\hfill} \vskip 12pt}\vrule}

\hrule

\aentry{COMMAND}{COMMENTS}{TERMINATOR}

\aentryheading{LETTERHEAD:}

\aentry{\\superheadline}{A line above the letterhead, such as
"FIRST DRAFT"}{1 line}

\aentry{\\division}{Default: "Center for Theoretical Physics"}{1
line}

\aentry{\\room}{Room number}{1 line}

\aentry{\\telephone}{Telephone number}{1 line}

\aentry{\\email}{E-mail address}{1 line}

\aentryheadinglong{BEFORE LETTER BODY:}

\aentry{\\date}{Default: date of $\TeX$-processing}{1 line}

\aentry{\\address}{Address to which the letter is written}{Blank
line}

\aentry{\\returnaddress}{For optional use, especially when
letterhead is omitted}{Blank line}

\aentry{\\re}{Re: (regarding), appearing just before "Dear
$\ldots$" line}{1 line}

\aentry{\\dear}{Example: "\\dear Prof.\ Einstein:"}{1 line}

\aentryheadinglong{BEFORE MEMO BODY:}

\aentry{\\to}{}{ 1 line}

\aentry{\\from}{}{1 line}

\aentry{\\subject}{}{1 line}

\aentryheading{LETTER BODY:}

\aentry{\\body}{Separate paragraphs by blank lines}{\\endbody}

\aentryheadinglong{CLOSING MATERIAL:}

\aentry{\\closing}{"Yours truly," or whatever, name, and
   optionally a title of one or more lines}{Blank line}

\vfill\eject

\hrule

\hbox{\vrule \vbox{\vskip 12pt \hbox to \longspace{\hfill INPUT
COMMANDS OF GLETTER, cont.\hfill} \vskip 12pt}\vrule}

\hrule

\aentry{COMMAND}{COMMENTS}{TERMINATOR}

% \sincerely
% Abbreviation for
%      \closing
%      Sincerely,
% Blank line

\setbox0=\vbox{
\hbox{\tstrut \\closing}
\hbox{Sincerely,}}

\setbox1=\vbox{\vskip 5pt \hbox{\hskip 5pt \hbox to
   \textspace{\vbox to \ht0{\vfill \hbox{\tstrut Abbreviation
   for} \vskip -\prevdepth \vfill}\qquad \box0 \hfill}\hskip 5pt}
   \vskip 5pt} \hbox{\vrule \vbox to \ht1{\vfill \hbox to
   \leftspace{\hskip 25pt \\sincerely \hfill} \vskip -\prevdepth
   \vfill}\vrule \copy1 \vrule \vbox to \ht1{\vfill \hbox to
   \rightspace{\hfill Blank line\hfill} \vskip -\prevdepth
   \vfill}\vrule} \hrule \vskip 0pt

\aentry{\\extraauthor}{Name and title of additional
authors}{1 line}

\aentry{\\annotations }{Example: "Enclosures: 4 pamphets"}{1
line}

\aentry{\\cc}{Carbon copy names, and possibly addresses}{1 line}

\aentry{\\ps}{P.S\period \t Can use more than one paragraph,
separating them by blank lines.}{\\endps}

\aentry{\\secretary}{Example: "AHG:fj"}{1 line}

\aentryheading{HEADLINES:}

\aentry{\\addressee}{If different from 1st line of letter
   address, or "To" entry of a memo}{1
line}

\aentry{\\author}{If used in headline, and if different from
signature line of a letter or "From" entry of a memo}{1 line}

\aentry{\\headline}{User-created headline}{1 line}

\aentry{\\headlineb}{2nd line of user-created headline}{1 line}

\aentryheadinglong{MAILING LABELS:}

\aentry{\\labeltitle}{Title for sheet of mailing labels}{1 line}

\aentry{\\addresses}{Entry of multiple addesses for label sheet;
separate by blank lines}{\\endaddresses}

\aentryheadinglong{E-MAIL PRINTING:}

\aentry{\\emailheading}{Heading material of
E-mail message}{\\endemailheading}

\aentry{\\emailbody}{Body of E-mail message}{\\endemailbody}

\vfill\eject

}

% end here so TeX doesn't die!
\advance\pageno by 8

\superhead{APPENDIX E: LINE SPACING AND PAGE BREAKS}

In almost all cases GLETTER will space a letter satisfactorily
the first time.  In some cases, however, you may wish to modify
the spacing.

The GLETTER commands \\stretch and \\shrink will stretch or
shrink essentially all of the line skips in the letter by 5\%.
(Only the line skips within the \\address, \\re, and \\cc entries
are left fixed.  These entries do not seem to look right at other
spacings.)  The \\stretch and \\shrink commands can be used
repeatedly to amplify the effect.  You can also force a page
break at any desired point in the body or in a P.S.\ by inserting
\\pagebreak.  This command can be inserted between paragraphs, or
in the middle of a paragraph.  In the latter case, it will force
a page break on the line below the line on which it occurs.  Be
sure that the \\pagebreak command is separated by either a space
or a carriage return from the word that precedes it.

If the letter that you are printing is slightly more than a page,
you will probably \underbar{\bf not} be able to compress it to a
page by using \\shrink.  GLETTER almost certainly would have
printed the letter on one page if it seemed feasible.  If you
want the letter on one page, then try a smaller font (see
Appendix G).  Alternatively, you may leave it a 2-page letter and
use 1 or 2 \\stretch's or a forced page break, so that the second
page does not appear too empty.

If the letter is slightly more than 2 (or more) pages, then the
use of \\shrink may avoid the extra page.  I would suggest trying
one \\shrink and then two \\shrink's, and then trying the next
smaller font with no \\shrink's.  Note that the ".lis" file will
tell you how many pages of output are produced, so you need not
print every trial.

\superhead{APPENDIX F: TREATMENT OF PERIODS}

With a typewriter one typically leaves one space between words,
but two spaces after a period at the end of a sentence.  If the
period denotes an abbreviation rather than the end of a sentence,
then one follows it by a single space.  The spacing algorithm
used by $\TeX$ is more complicated, but it also is designed to
leave extra space at the end of a sentence.

Standard $\TeX$ decides whether a period marks the end of a
sentence by a simple rule:  If a period follows an upper case
letter, then it is interpreted as an abbreviation; otherwise it
is interpreted as the end of a sentence.  With GLETTER, this rule
applies to the input for the \\body, \\ps, and \\emailbody
commands.  To force the use of an end-of-sentence space after a
period, use the GLETTER command \\period instead of a ".":

\command{This document is not financed by NASA\\period  In fact,
it is not financed by anyone.}

\noindent To force the use of a normal space, use "\\ ":

\command{This document will not be published in Phys.\\ Rev.\\
D.}

\noindent One can also force a normal space by using the
\raise2pt\hbox{$\sim$} symbol instead of a space.  This
construction will also prevent a line break at the space.

The input text of all other commands, including the \\centerblock
and \\table commands, is read by GLETTER in short period mode.
This means that, unlike standard $\TeX$, all periods are
interpreted as representing abbreviations, and no
end-of-line-spaces are automatically inserted.  In this way one
can type

\command{\\dear Prof.\ Whatshisname:}

\noindent or use abbreviations in addresses, without worrying
about the spacing.  If one needs an end-of-sentence period in one
of these input texts, one can use the \\period command, as above.

GLETTER also provides the command \\normalperiod, which cancels
the short period mode and returns to the standard $\TeX$
conventions for interpreting periods.  Alternatively, the command
\\shortperiod causes a switch to short period mode.  These
commands are to be used within the text of a single input
command, and they will not affect the texts of other input
commands.

\superhead{APPENDIX G: FONTS}

The standard GLETTER font size is 12pt, which is accomplished by
specifying 10pt fonts and a magnification of 1200.  Font sizes of
10pt, 11pt, and 11.5pt are also available.  To obtain these
fonts, replace the filename "gletter.tex" in the \\input
statement by "gletterten.tex", "glettereleven.tex", or
"gletterelevenfive.tex".  (In all cases the fonts are specified
internally as 10pt, with magnifications of 1000, 1095, or 1152.)

By default the font type is Roman, but the font type for the
entire letter can be changed to Sans Serif by typing the command
\\sansserif.  To affect the entire letter, the command must be
typed outside of the input text of any other command, and before
the \\makeletter command.  Within the text of any input command
one can use the usual $\TeX$ font commands:

\command{\\it\ \ {\it denotes italicized font}}
\noskip\command{\\sl\ \ {\sl denotes slanted font}}
\noskip\command{\\bf\ \ {\bf denotes boldface font}}

{\sansserif
\noindent If the \\sansserif command is used, then all of these
font designations are converted to Sans Serif types:

\command{\\it\ \ {\it denotes italicized font}}
\noskip\command{\\sl\ \ {\sl denotes slanted font}}
\noskip\command{\\bf\ \ {\bf denotes boldface font}}
}

{\altsansserif
\noindent There is also a Sans Serif type which is heavier,
which can be invoked by the font command \\altsansserif.  This
command has the same effect on the meanings of \\it, \\sl, and
\\bf that \\sansserif does.}

For convenience of conversion between typefaces, the command
\\normal can be used to indicate the primary font, whether it is
Sans Serif or Roman.

GLETTER also defines a variety of larger typefaces.  In Roman
mode, at magnification 1200, the typefaces are:

\command{\\bigbf\ \ produces {\bigbf abcdefghi ABCDEFGHI
12345678}}

\command{\\bigbigbf\ \ produces {\bigbigbf abcdef ABCDEF 123456}}


\command{\\titlefont\ \ produces {\titlefont abcde ABCDE 12345}}

\command{\\largetitlefont\ \ produces {\largetitlefont abc ABC
123}}

\command{\\bfmath\ \ produces {\bfmath $\sqrt{\alpha\beta\gamma}$}}

\command{\\bigbfmath\ \ produces {\bigbfmath
$\sqrt{\alpha\beta\gamma}$}}

\command{\\bigbigbfmath\ \ produces {\bigbigbfmath
$\sqrt{\alpha\beta\gamma}$}}
\smallskip
\noskip\command{\qquad (Boldface is not available, so standard
fonts are substituted.)}

\bigskip
\command{\\titlefontmath\ \ produces}
%  {\titlefontmath $\sqrt{\alpha\beta\gamma}$}

\bigskip \medskip
\command{\\largetitlefontmath\ \ produces}
%  {\largetitlefontmath $\sqrt{\alpha\beta\gamma}$}

In Sans Serif mode, the available types are:

\command{\\bigbf\ \ produces {\sansserif \bigbf abcdefghi
ABCDEFGHI 12345678}}

\command{\\titlefont\ \ produces {\sansserif \titlefont abcde
ABCDE 12345}}

\command{\\largetitlefont\ \ produces {\sansserif \largetitlefont
abc ABC 123}}

\noindent The math modes are identical in both Roman and Sans
Serif modes.  If you choose a font type that is not available in
the selected mode, then the other mode is automatically
substituted when available.  The substitution will be indicated
by a message in the ".lis" file.

The memory limitations of $\TeX$ will probably make it impossible
to use all of these fonts in one document.  In preparing this
manual, the \\titlefontmath and \\largetitlefontmath entries
were printed separately and pasted in.  Even in the age of
electronics, there is still sometimes a need for a hatchet.

The GLETTER fonts are defined in a separate file,
disk\$user:[guth.gletter]gfont.tex, which is input by
GLETTER\period  If you wish to have access to these font
definitions without the rest of GLETTER, you can input gfont.tex
only.  Before inputting gfont.tex you should set the
magnification to the desired value, which must be either 1000,
1095, 1152, or 1200.

\superhead{APPENDIX H: CREATING A PERSONALIZED LETTERHEAD
INFORMATION FILE}

GLETTER is designed to optionally include a division, room
number, telephone number, and E-mail address as part of the
MIT letterhead.  Any combination of these items can be included,
and GLETTER will suitably arrange them on the page.  The purpose
of a personalized letterhead information file is to include
the desired items automatically, so that no further attention
need be paid to it.

For an individual typing his or her own letters, it is probably
easiest to create personalized versions of the template files
formlet.tex (for letters) and formmem.tex (for memos).  These
files, contained in the directory disk\$user:[guth.gletter],
contain all of the standard GLETTER commands.  The user can copy
these files to his own directory, and modify them by adding the
desired letterhead information.  Letters can then be created by
starting with these files as input, and then filling in the
blanks.

The above solution is not convenient, however, for a secretary
who is typing letters for an entire group.  In that case it is
easier to create a single file, with suggested name gletpers.tex,
which contains all of the desired letterhead information.  The
letterhead information for any individual can then be
automatically inserted into a letter by typing a backslash
followed by the person's initials, or some other identifying
code.  For an example, see the sample letter.

To create your own version of gletpers.tex, begin by copying the
version in the directory disk\$user:[guth.gletter] to your own
directory.  The file itself contains instructions for adding the
appropriate information.  Then modify your copies of formlet.tex
and formmem.tex by adding the instruction

\command{\\input disk\$user:[{\it Directory Name}]gletpers.tex}

\noindent immediately after the "\\input gletter.tex" statement.

Note that if you include an entry for \\dsecretary, then a
default value for the secretarial annotation is set.  If the
input file contains the blank input command

\command{\\secretary}

\noindent then this secretarial designation will be printed.
Otherwise no entry will be printed.

If there is one author (perhaps yourself) for whom you type more
letters than any other, maybe you would like to select this
author as a default, so that even the backslash-initials command
need not be typed.  To do this, add to the end of the
gletpers.tex file the following two lines:

\command{\\{\it xxx}}
\noskip\command{\\def\\personalize$\{$\\{\it xxx}$\}$}

\noindent Here {\it xxx} is to be replaced by the selected
author's initials or identifying code letters.  (The first of
these lines inserts the letterhead information for the first
letter in the file, and the second line causes the command \\{\it
xxx} to be reissued with each \\reset command.)

If you like, you can add to gletpers.tex any additional macros
that you would like to have available while writing letters.  You
can also modify selected macros in GLETTER to your own taste,
since any definition in gletpers.tex will override the
definitions specified in gletter.tex.


\superhead{APPENDIX I: PROCESSING VERY LARGE MASS MAILINGS}

Sometimes it is necessary to produce very large mass mailings,
and then there are several points to keep in mind.

First, remember the basics.  For each letter beyond the first, it
is only necessary to reenter those items that have changed.  Then
enter the command \\makeletter.  Sometimes there might be one or
two small items in the body of the letter itself which need to be
changed from one letter to the next.  This can be accomplished by
including the variable information in the form of a $\TeX$ macro.
For example, you might include in the body of the letter a
sentence like:

\command{I would like to recommend Person X for a faculty
position at \\where.}

\noindent Then for each letter one can add a line of the form

\command{\\def\\where$\{$the University of California at
Berkeley$\}$}

\noindent before the \\makeletter command.

Mass mailings can use a lot of computer time in processing.  Be
sure to use \\fastshort for one page letters, or \\fastlong for
multipage letters.  The processing time might still exceed the
time allotted for a standard job.  If this happens, you will find
an error message in the ".log" file.  To avoid the problem you
can either break the job into smaller pieces, or submit it to a
longer queue.

Another problem with a large mass mailing is that the ".dvi" file
becomes huge--- it contains the full text for each letter.  You
may find that the job exceeds your disk quota.  If this happens,
you will find an error message in the ".log" file.  If you are
working on the LNS VAX system, this problem can be cured by
transferring the job to one of the temporary disks.

The temporary disks are called tmp\$marie and tmp\$pierre.  To
process your job on tmp\$marie, first set the default directory
to the directory that contains your input file.  Then type (in
command mode)

\command{COPY {\it filename} TMP\$MARIE:[{\it username}]}

\noindent where {\it filename} is to be replaced by the name of
your input file, and {\it username} is to be replaced
by the name of your root directory (usually your username). Type

\command{SET DEF TMP\$MARIE:[{\it username}]}

\noindent and then $\TeX$ and print the file as usual.  If the
method that you usually use does not work, then try one of the
methods described in Section~III.

\superhead{APPENDIX J: CREATION OF NEW LETTERHEADS}

If you would like to adapt GLETTER to use in other situations,
the incorporation of additional letterheads is a fairly easy
matter.  To define a new letterhead, which I shall refer to as
{\it xxx}, one must define two new $\TeX$ macros.  The first is
to be called \\{\it xxx}, and has the following form:

\command{\raggedright \\def\\{\it
xxx}$\{$\\def\\letterhead$\{$\\{\it xxx}letterhead$\}$
\\letterheadskip=?? \\hsize=?? \\hoffset=??  \\vsize=??
\\voffset=?? \\datestyle=?? \\sigindent=?? \\ifapple
\\advance\\hoffset by -1truein \\advance\\voffset by -1truein
\\fi$\}$}

\noindent The dimensions to be filled in should all be expressed
in truein or truept, so that the letterhead and margin settings
are unaffected by the magnification.   \\letterheadskip
determines the top margin of the letterhead, which will be 1 inch
if \\letterheadskip=0pt.  For both the MIT and CfA letterheads,
\\letterheadskip=--0.15truein.

The second macro is the letterhead itself, and has the form:

\command{\\def\\{\it xxx}letterhead$\{$}
\noskip\command{\qquad \% Font definitions, all expressed in
truept}
\noskip\command{\qquad \\vbox$\{$\\baselineskip=??truept}
\noskip\command{\qquad\qquad \% Text of letterhead}
\noskip\command{\qquad\qquad \\vskip ??truept  \%Space at bottom
of letterhead}
\noskip\command{\qquad $\}\}$}

If the letterhead is to include the personal information used in
the GLETTER version of the MIT letterhead, then use \\wdivision
to print the division, \\wroom to print the room number,
\\wtelephone to print the telephone number, and \\wemail to print
the E-mail address.

\vfill\supereject\end


