History - late 1960's: generic coding (header vs. format-17) 1969: Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher, Raymond Lorie: GML 1978-1986: Standard Generalized Markup Language (ISO 8879, via GCA) FIPS 152 (until 1996) 1996: XML Working Group formed within W3C Related standards: SGML (of course) Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 RFC 1738 and RFC 1808 (URL's)