\HeaderA{delayedAssign}{Delay Evaluation}{delayedAssign}
\keyword{programming}{delayedAssign}
\keyword{data}{delayedAssign}
\begin{Description}\relax
\code{delayedAssign} creates a \emph{promise} to evaluate the given
expression if its value is requested.  This provides direct access 
to the \emph{lazy evaluation} mechanism used by \R{} for the evaluation 
of (interpreted) functions.
\end{Description}
\begin{Usage}
\begin{verbatim}
delayedAssign(x, value, eval.env = parent.frame(1), 
              assign.env = parent.frame(1))
\end{verbatim}
\end{Usage}
\begin{Arguments}
\begin{ldescription}
\item[\code{x}] a variable name (given as a quoted string in the function call)
\item[\code{value}] an expression to be assigned to \code{x}
\item[\code{eval.env}] an environment in which to evaluate \code{value}
\item[\code{assign.env}] an environment in which to assign \code{x}
\end{ldescription}
\end{Arguments}
\begin{Details}\relax
Both \code{eval.env} and \code{assign.env} default to the currently active
environment.

The expression assigned to a promise by \code{delayedAssign} will
not be evaluated until it is eventually ``forced''. This happens when
the variable is first accessed.

When the promise is eventually forced, it is evaluated within the
environment specified by \code{eval.env} (whose contents may have changed in
the meantime).  After that, the value is fixed and the expression will
not be evaluated again.

This function is meant to replace the \code{delay()} function, to make it
more difficult for R code to see ``naked'' promises.
\end{Details}
\begin{Value}
This function is invoked for its side effect, which is assigning
a promise to evaluate \code{value} to the variable \code{x}.
\end{Value}
\begin{SeeAlso}\relax
\code{\LinkA{substitute}{substitute}}, to see the expression associated with a promise.
\end{SeeAlso}
\begin{Examples}
\begin{ExampleCode}
msg <- "old"
delayedAssign("x", msg)
msg <- "new!"
x #- new!
substitute(x) #- msg

delayedAssign("x", {
    for(i in 1:3)
        cat("yippee!\n")
    10
})

x^2 #- yippee
x^2 #- simple number

e <- (function(x, y = 1, z) environment())(1+2, "y", {cat(" HO! "); pi+2})
(le <- as.list(e)) # evaluates the promises

\end{ExampleCode}
\end{Examples}

