\HeaderA{qqmath}{Q-Q Plot with Theoretical Distribution}{qqmath}
\methaliasA{qqmath.formula}{qqmath}{qqmath.formula}
\methaliasA{qqmath.numeric}{qqmath}{qqmath.numeric}
\keyword{dplot}{qqmath}
\begin{Description}\relax
Quantile-Quantile plot of a sample and a theoretical distribution
\end{Description}
\begin{Usage}
\begin{verbatim}
qqmath(x, ...)

## S3 method for class 'formula':
qqmath(x,
       data = parent.frame(),
       allow.multiple = is.null(groups) || outer,
       outer = !is.null(groups),
       distribution = qnorm,
       f.value = NULL,
       auto.key = FALSE,
       aspect = "fill",
       panel = "panel.qqmath",
       prepanel = NULL,
       scales, strip, groups,
       xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim,
       drop.unused.levels = lattice.getOption("drop.unused.levels"),
       ...,
       default.scales = list(),
       subscripts,
       subset)
## S3 method for class 'numeric':
qqmath(x, data, ylab, ...)
\end{verbatim}
\end{Usage}
\begin{Arguments}
\begin{ldescription}
\item[\code{x}] The object on which method dispatch is carried out.

For the \code{"formula"} method, a formula of the form \code{\textasciitilde{} x |
      g1 * g2 * ...}, where \code{x} must be a numeric.  For the
\code{"numeric"} method, a numeric vector.

\item[\code{data}] For the \code{formula} method, an optional data frame in which
variables in the formula (as well as \code{groups} and
\code{subset}, if any) are to be evaluated.  By default, the
environment where the function was called from is used.  Ignored
with a warning in other methods.

\item[\code{distribution}] a quantile function that takes a vector of
probabilities as argument and produces the corresponding
quantiles. Possible values are \code{qnorm}, \code{qunif} etc.
Distributions with other required arguments need to be passed in as
user defined functions.

\item[\code{f.value}] optional numeric vector of probabilities, quantiles
corresponding to which should be plotted.  Can also be a function of
a single integer (representing sample size) that returns such a
numeric vector.  The typical value for this argument is the function
\code{ppoints}, which is also the S-PLUS default.  If specified, the
probabilities generated by this function is used for the plotted
quantiles, using the \code{quantile} function for the sample, and
the function specified as the \code{distribution} argument for the
theoretical distribution.  

\code{f.value} defaults to \code{NULL}, which has the effect of
using \code{ppoints} for the quantiles of the theoretical
distribution, but the exact data values for the sample.  This is
similar to what happens for \code{qqnorm}, but different from the
S-PLUS default of \code{f.value=ppoints}.

For large \code{x}, this argument can be useful in plotting a
smaller set of quantiles, which is usually enough to capture the
pattern.

\item[\code{panel}] The panel function to be used.  Unlike in older versions, the
default panel function does most of the actual computations and has
support for grouping.  See \code{\LinkA{panel.qqmath}{panel.qqmath}} for details.

\item[\code{allow.multiple, outer, auto.key, aspect, prepanel, scales,
strip, groups, xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim, drop.unused.levels,
default.scales, subscripts, subset}] See \code{\LinkA{xyplot}{xyplot}} 
\item[\code{...}] Further arguments.  See corresponding entry in \code{\LinkA{xyplot}{xyplot}}
for non-trivial details.

\end{ldescription}
\end{Arguments}
\begin{Details}\relax
\code{qqmath} produces a Q-Q plot of the given sample and a
theoretical distribution.  The default behaviour of \code{qqmath} is
different from the corresponding S-PLUS function, but is similar to
\code{qqnorm}. See the entry for \code{f.value} for specifics.

The implementation details are also different from S-PLUS.  In
particular, all the important calculations are done by the panel (and
prepanel function) and not \code{qqmath} itself.  In fact, both the
arguments \code{distribution} and \code{f.value} are passed unchanged
to the panel and prepanel function.  This allows, among other things,
display of grouped Q-Q plots, which are often useful.  See the help
page for \code{\LinkA{panel.qqmath}{panel.qqmath}} for further details.

This and all other high level Trellis functions have several
arguments in common. These are extensively documented only in the
help page for \code{xyplot}, which should be consulted to learn more
detailed usage.
\end{Details}
\begin{Value}
An object of class \code{"trellis"}. The
\code{\LinkA{update}{update}} method can be used to
update components of the object and the
\code{\LinkA{print}{print}} method (usually called by
default) will plot it on an appropriate plotting device.
\end{Value}
\begin{Author}\relax
Deepayan Sarkar \email{Deepayan.Sarkar@R-project.org}
\end{Author}
\begin{SeeAlso}\relax
\code{\LinkA{xyplot}{xyplot}}, \code{\LinkA{panel.qqmath}{panel.qqmath}},
\code{\LinkA{panel.qqmathline}{panel.qqmathline}}, \code{\LinkA{prepanel.qqmathline}{prepanel.qqmathline}},
\code{\LinkA{Lattice}{Lattice}}, \code{\LinkA{quantile}{quantile}}
\end{SeeAlso}
\begin{Examples}
\begin{ExampleCode}
qqmath(~ rnorm(100), distribution = function(p) qt(p, df = 10))
qqmath(~ height | voice.part, aspect = "xy", data = singer,
       prepanel = prepanel.qqmathline,
       panel = function(x, ...) {
          panel.qqmathline(x, ...)
          panel.qqmath(x, ...)
       })
vp.comb <-
    factor(sapply(strsplit(as.character(singer$voice.part), split = " "),
                  "[", 1),
           levels = c("Bass", "Tenor", "Alto", "Soprano"))
vp.group <-
    factor(sapply(strsplit(as.character(singer$voice.part), split = " "),
                  "[", 2))
qqmath(~ height | vp.comb, data = singer,
       groups = vp.group, auto.key = list(space = "right"),
       aspect = "xy",
       prepanel = prepanel.qqmathline,
       panel = function(x, ...) {
          panel.qqmathline(x, ...)
          panel.qqmath(x, ...)
       })
\end{ExampleCode}
\end{Examples}

