Tk Applications wish(1) _________________________________________________________________ NAME wish - Simple windowing shell SYNOPSIS wish ?_f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e _a_r_g _a_r_g ...? OPTIONS -colormap _n_e_w Specifies that the window should have a new private colormap instead of using the default colormap for the screen. -display _d_i_s_p_l_a_y Display (and screen) on which to display window. -geometry _g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y Initial geometry to use for window. If this option is specified, its value is stored in the geometry global variable of the application's Tcl interpreter. -name _n_a_m_e Use _n_a_m_e as the title to be displayed in the window, and as the name of the interpreter for send commands. -sync Execute all X server commands synchro- nously, so that errors are reported immediately. This will result in much slower execution, but it is useful for debugging. -use _i_d || Specifies that the main window for the | application is to be embedded in the | window whose identifier is _i_d, instead | of being created as an independent | toplevel window. _I_d must be specified | in the same way as the value for the | -use option for toplevel widgets (i.e. | it has a form like that returned by the | winfo id command). -visual _v_i_s_u_a_l Specifies the visual to use for the win- dow. _V_i_s_u_a_l may have any of the forms supported by the Tk_GetVisual procedure. -- Pass all remaining arguments through to the script's argv variable without interpreting them. This provides a mechanism for passing arguments such as -name to a script instead of having wish interpret them. Tk Last change: 8.0 1 Tk Applications wish(1) _________________________________________________________________ DESCRIPTION Wish is a simple program consisting of the Tcl command language, the Tk toolkit, and a main program that reads com- mands from standard input or from a file. It creates a main window and then processes Tcl commands. If wish is invoked with no arguments, or with a first argument that starts with ``-'', then it reads Tcl commands interactively from stan- dard input. It will continue processing commands until all windows have been deleted or until end-of-file is reached on standard input. If there exists a file .wishrc in the home directory of the user, wish evaluates the file as a Tcl script just before reading the first command from standard input. If wish is invoked with an initial _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e argument, then _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e is treated as the name of a script file. Wish will evaluate the script in _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e (which presumably creates a user interface), then it will respond to events until all windows have been deleted. Commands will not be read from standard input. There is no automatic evaluation of .wishrc when the name of a script file is presented on the wish com- mand line, but the script file can always source it if desired. OPTIONS Wish automatically processes all of the command-line options described in the OPTIONS summary above. Any other command- line arguments besides these are passed through to the application using the argc and argv variables described later. APPLICATION NAME AND CLASS The name of the application, which is used for purposes such as send commands, is taken from the -name option, if it is specified; otherwise it is taken from _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e, if it is specified, or from the command name by which wish was invoked. In the last two cases, if the name contains a ``/'' character, then only the characters after the last slash are used as the application name. The class of the application, which is used for purposes such as specifying options with a RESOURCE_MANAGER property or .Xdefaults file, is the same as its name except that the first letter is capitalized. Tk Last change: 8.0 2 Tk Applications wish(1) VARIABLES Wish sets the following Tcl variables: argc Contains a count of the number of _a_r_g argu- ments (0 if none), not including the options described above. argv Contains a Tcl list whose elements are the _a_r_g arguments that follow a -- option or don't match any of the options described in OPTIONS above, in order, or an empty string if there are no such arguments. argv0 Contains _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e if it was specified. Oth- erwise, contains the name by which wish was invoked. geometry If the -geometry option is specified, wish copies its value into this variable. If the variable still exists after _f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e has been evaluated, wish uses the value of the vari- able in a wm geometry command to set the main window's geometry. tcl_interactive Contains 1 if wish is reading commands interactively (_f_i_l_e_N_a_m_e was not specified and standard input is a terminal-like device), 0 otherwise. SCRIPT FILES If you create a Tcl script in a file whose first line is #!/usr/local/bin/wish then you can invoke the script file directly from your shell if you mark it as executable. This assumes that wish has been installed in the default location in /usr/local/bin; if it's installed somewhere else then you'll have to modify the above line to match. Many UNIX systems do not allow the #! line to exceed about 30 characters in length, so be sure that the wish executable can be accessed with a short file name. An even better approach is to start your script files with the following three lines: #!/bin/sh # the next line restarts using wish \ exec wish "$0" "$@" This approach has three advantages over the approach in the previous paragraph. First, the location of the wish binary doesn't have to be hard-wired into the script: it can be anywhere in your shell search path. Second, it gets around Tk Last change: 8.0 3 Tk Applications wish(1) the 30-character file name limit in the previous approach. Third, this approach will work even if wish is itself a shell script (this is done on some systems in order to han- dle multiple architectures or operating systems: the wish script selects one of several binaries to run). The three lines cause both sh and wish to process the script, but the exec is only executed by sh. sh processes the script first; it treats the second line as a comment and executes the third line. The exec statement cause the shell to stop pro- cessing and instead to start up wish to reprocess the entire script. When wish starts up, it treats all three lines as comments, since the backslash at the end of the second line causes the third line to be treated as part of the comment on the second line. The end of a script file may be marked either by the physi- | cal end of the medium, or by the character, '\032' | ('\u001a', control-Z). If this character is present in the | file, the wish application will read text up to but not | including the character. An application that requires this | character in the file may encode it as ``\032'', ``\x1a'', | or ``\u001a''; or may generate it by use of commands such as | format or binary. PROMPTS When wish is invoked interactively it normally prompts for each command with ``% ''. You can change the prompt by set- ting the variables tcl_prompt1 and tcl_prompt2. If variable tcl_prompt1 exists then it must consist of a Tcl script to output a prompt; instead of outputting a prompt wish will evaluate the script in tcl_prompt1. The variable tcl_prompt2 is used in a similar way when a newline is typed but the current command isn't yet complete; if tcl_prompt2 isn't set then no prompt is output for incomplete commands. KEYWORDS shell, toolkit Tk Last change: 8.0 4