%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% file manosa.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % Copyright (c) 1992, Optical Society of America. % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% November 10, 1992 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % From version 3.0 of the REVTeX macro package. % % This file is part of a compuscript toolbox distributed by % the APS, OSA, and AIP in conjunction with % the TeX author-prepared program. % % All rights not specifically granted are reserved. % For more information, see the README file. % %Filename: manosa.tex \documentstyle[manuscript,osa]{revtex} \def\btt#1{{\tt$\backslash$#1}} \def\thesection {\Roman{section} } %%OSA CHANGE: WAS arabic % \makeatletter % run page numbers by "chapter" %File manosa.tex \hskip4in \def\thepage{2 -- \@arabic\c@page} % these page numbers need a bit more width \def\@pnumwidth{4em} %\makeatother %\pagestyle{myheadings} %\markright{REV\TeX\ 3.0. \hskip2em Release date: November 10, 1992} %% \newcommand{\MF}{{\large{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}} \newcommand{\manual}{rm} % Replace the manual font with rm (Roman) \newcommand\bs{\char '134 } % add backslash char to \tt font % \begin{document} %\title{OSA Input Guide for REV\TeX\ based %Author-Prepared Compuscripts} \title{REV\TeX\ Information for OSA Authors} \maketitle %% ESSENTIAL IF TITLE, AUTHOR, OR DATE ARE TO APPEAR \makeatletter \global\@specialpagefalse \def\@oddhead{REV\TeX\ 3.0\hfill Released November 10, 1992} \let\@evenhead\@oddhead \def\@oddfoot{\reset@font\rm\hfill \thepage \hfill\llap{ \protect\copyright{} 1992, Optical Society of America}} \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot \makeatother % % % \begin{center} Instructions to authors for preparing compuscripts to be submitted to OSA journals in the REV\TeX\ 3.0 format. \hskip.2in Release date: November 10, 1992. \\ \copyright\ 1992, Optical Society of America. \end{center} \tableofcontents \makeatletter \def\@oddfoot{\reset@font\rm\hfill \thepage\hfill} \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot \makeatother \newpage \baselineskip = .5\baselineskip % single space the first half \section{ ELECTRONIC MANUSCRIPT FILE SUBMISSION} \begin{center} Quick-Reference Check List for Submission: \\ \end{center} \begin{tabular}{|cl|} \hline $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$Submission by & IBM-compatible formatted diskette should include: \\ \hline 1. & Cover letter with journal and manuscript identification, hardware$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$ \\ & identification, and corresponding author information restated \\ 2. & Diskette with filename(s), manuscript number, and \\ & first author's name written on label \\ 3. & REV\TeX\ 3.0 file(s) on the diskette that match the final, \\ & accepted manuscript \\ 4. & Paper copy of the final, accepted manuscript, with camera \\ & ready figures. \\ \hline \end{tabular} \vskip.5in The Optical Society of America is pleased to invite electronic files in REV\TeX\ 3.0 from authors of journal manuscripts. At this time, the REV\TeX\ format can be converted by OSA's commercial typesetters, and it is hoped that most files submitted in this fashion will be usable. \\ %\\ Electronic manuscript files should be submitted at the conclusion of the peer review process. The key is that, on acceptance, the author's electronic file must be in the hands of the OSA Manuscript Office staff. The electronic version must be that of the authors's final, accepted manuscript. If it is not, the file will simply not be used. \\ %\\ A cover letter containing the following information should accompany any electronic file submission: \begin{itemize} \begin{enumerate} \item Article identification -- include journal name, manuscript number, title of paper, and the fact that this is a REV\TeX\ 3.0 electronic file submission \item Computer information -- give the name of computer used and the density of the diskette \item Corresponding author information -- telephone and facsimile numbers, plus an e-mail address if available, should be restated in the cover letter \end{enumerate} \end{itemize} Failure to include the necessary information may preclude the use of an author's file. Also, if questions arise and the author cannot be reached for an answer in a timely fashion, then the file may not be used (OSA will not delay publication of an author's work in this way). \\ %\\ The address for submission is given below for the following four OSA journals: \begin{quote} {\it Journal of the Optical Society of America A \\ Journal of the Optical Society of America B \\ Applied Optics. \\ Optics Letters \\ } \end{quote} Conventional mail delivery of the author's file on diskette to the address below is the current mode of receipt. In the future, electronic mail options are expected to be available as well. \begin{quote} Optical Society of America \\ Manuscript Office \\ 2010 Massachusetts Ave., N.W. \\ Washington, D.C. 20036-1023 \\ \end{quote} \begin{tabbing} Telephones: \= (202) 416-1916 - Manuscript Office\\ \> (202) 416-1903 - Technical Assistance \\ Facsimile : \> (202) 416-6120 \\ E-mail: \> (Internet) osamss@pinet.aip.org -- Manuscript Office\\ \> fharris@pinet.aip.org -- Technical Assistance %optmss@pinet.aip.org \end{tabbing} A paper copy of the manuscript is still required with submissions on diskette. Copy editing will still take place on paper, and then the marked paper plus electronic file will be sent to one of OSA's typesetters. \\ %\\ The typesetter will examine the author's file to determine whether it will be easier and less costly to convert and utilize the full file or just parts of the file or to rekey the manuscript completely. The author's compliance with the stylistic directions of \LaTeX\ and REV\TeX\ along with the degree of copy editing will be the main factors affecting this decision. In all cases, the typesetter will identify the course of action taken by including a feedback form that the author will receive with the proof. \\ %\\ It may be interesting to know that the Society's typesetters do not use REV\TeX\ or \LaTeX\ for their actual typesetting. They currently use Xyvision or Arbortext, which are professional, specialty systems used by the typesetting industry. \section{ WHERE TO TURN FOR HELP} Authors are expected to know the basics of \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ before using REV\TeX. Also, authors should fully review the README file included in REV\TeX\ 3.0 before getting started. But if problems or questions specific to REV\TeX\ 3.0 arise, the following staff person from the Optical Society will advise the OSA author: \begin{quote} Frank E. Harris \\ Optical Society of America \\ 2010 Massachusetts Ave., N.W. \\ Washington, D.C. 20036-1023 \end{quote} \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in \= Telephone: \= (202) 416-1903 \\ \> Facsimile: \> (202) 416-6120 \\ \> E-Mail: \> fharris@pinet.aip.org (Internet)--for REV\TeX\ help only \\ \> \> fharris@aip.org -- other inquiries. \\ { To FTP for files: \\ } \> \> ftp aip.org \\ \> \> anonymous \\ \> \> (Your Internet address) \\ \> \> cd revtex30 \\ \> \> mget * \end{tabbing} \vskip.25in Some inquiries may be forwarded to OSA members who have volunteered to assist in answering REV\TeX\ technical questions. Through this member-assisted network, it is OSA's intent to provide satisfactory answers to all REV\TeX-related questions that OSA authors ask. \\ %\\ If you are willing to participate in this member-assistance program for REV\TeX, please get in touch with Frank E. Harris, at the above e-mail address. \\ %\\ If you are new to \TeX\ and \LaTeX, some books that you might find useful are \begin{itemize} \item Paul W. Abrahams, {\TeX\ \it for the Impatient,} (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts, 1990) \item Leslie Lamport, {\it \LaTeX\ - A Document Preparation System,} ( Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts, 1986) \end{itemize} \section{ GETTING STARTED: BASIC TEMPLATES AND OVERVIEW} This is a description of the components of REV\TeX\ 3.0 that are specific to OSA's journals. A brief map of what files are relevant and an overview of use are provided. The quick- reference guide below is intended for advanced users of REV\TeX\ 3.0, while more detailed how-to-use information is given in Section {\bf IV}. \begin{quote} {\bf NOTE: All users of REV\TeX\ 3.0 should fully review the README file before getting started. MS-DOS users can use the TYPE command.\\ Type: TYPE README: MORE [carriage return]. } \\ \end{quote} Users of REV\TeX\ 3.0 for OSA journals will want to use the following files: \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in \= README\hskip.5in \= - \= Brief instructions on REV\TeX\ use\\ \> revtex.sty \> - \> Main style file for all physics societies \\ \> osa.sty \> - \> Society-specific style file for OSA journals \\ \> osa10.sty \> - \> Fonts and format style file for OSA journals \\ \> osa12.sty \> - \> Fonts and format style file for OSA manuscripts \\ \> osabib.sty \> - \> Society file for bibliography style \\ \> template.tex \> - \> OSA template for creating a manuscript \\ \> manosa.tex\> - \> The OSA portion of the REV\TeX\ manual, part of which shows \\ \> \> \> output and corresponding REV\TeX\ input on facing pages \\ \> sample.tex\> - \> Short excerpts of the three manuscripts listed below, (about 20\% \\ \> \> \> of each original paper), with corresponding input\\ \> josaa.tex \> - \> Sample JOSA A paper (excerpts) \\ \> josab.tex \> - \> Sample JOSA B paper (excerpts) \\ \> aplop.tex \> - \> Sample Applied Optics paper (excerpts) \end{tabbing} \vskip.25in OSA authors will want to ``\LaTeX'' and print sample.tex, and also the more complete sample for the journal to which they are submitting, josaa.tex, josab.tex, or aplop.tex. Optics Letters authors should refer to josaa.tex or josab.tex for a style guide, and select the josaa option in the documentstyle command for their manuscripts. \\ %\\ A valuable tool for authors new to REV\TeX\ is the raw input files josaa.tex, josab.tex, and aplop.tex. These may be imported into a word processor and printed, so that input and REV\TeX\ output can be compared. \\ %\\ The OSA template (template.tex) is a document file set up and ready to use for manuscript input. It includes all the basic section tags and formatting commands (macros) that are relevant to an OSA manuscript. For a list of all available macros, please refer to Appendix B, and for a list of symbols, see Appendix A. It may also be helpful to scan the manuscript example provided in Section {\bf V} to find other macros that may be useful to a particular application. \\ %\\ The three style files (osa.sty, osa10.sty, and osa12.sty) will interpret the macros in terms of special layouts and fonts for OSA journals and thus will produce a properly formatted manuscript when printed. The file osabib.sty handles cross-referencing and bibliographic citations and makes sure that these are formatted according to OSA style. \subsection{ Quick-Reference Guide } The following quick-reference guide may be particularly useful for advanced REV\TeX\ users. \\ \begin{enumerate} \item See Appendix A for a list of symbols. \item See Appendix B for a list of all REV\TeX\ macros in addition to many useful \LaTeX\ macros. [Do not create and use new macros. Use only \LaTeX\ and REV\TeX\ macros so the file will be usable by OSA's typesetters.] \item Sections, subsections and subsubsections are supported. It is also possible to suppress section numbering by putting a star after each command, i.e., \btt{section*}\{your name\}. \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in \= Main section heading:\hskip.5in \= \btt{section} \\ \> First subheading: \> \btt{subsection} \\ \> Second subheading: \> \btt{subsubsection} \end{tabbing} \vspace{-.15in} \item Delimiter for in-line math: \$ \item To display and automatically number an equation, start with \btt{begin\{equation\}} and finish with \btt{end\{equation\}}. \item To display and automatically number a group of equations, use \btt{begin\{eqnarray\}} and \btt{end\{eqnarray\}}. To get each equation to line up under the = or $\leq $ or similar sign, surround the = sign in each equation with \& signs. \item To number displayed equations manually, use \btt{eqnum\{thenumber\}}. This option would be used for equation ($7^{\prime} $), etc. \item To number equations using letters start with \btt{begin\{mathletters\}} and end with \btt{end\{mathletters\}}. \item Number by section: Put the \btt{eqsecnum} command before the first section. \item Citations for cross referencing equations and sections use the same commands. Bibliographic citations have separate commands.\\ \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in\= Tag for citing equations in text:\hskip1.3in\=\btt{ref\{tag\}}\\ \> Tag for equations to be cited: \> \btt{label\{tag\}}\\ \> Tag for citing references in text: \> \btt{cite\{reftag\}} \\ \> Tag for citing references ``on the line'' in text: \> \btt{onlinecite\{reftag\}} \\ \> Tag for listing references: \> \btt{bibitem\{reftag\}} \end{tabbing} \item Journal name shortcuts: See Table 5 in section {\bf V}. \item Place figure captions at the end of your manuscript. Use the commands \btt{begin\{figure\}} and \btt{end\{figure\}} to start and end each figure. Use the command \btt{caption\{your caption here\}} to create and automatically number the caption. To label figure captions use \btt{label\{figureName\}}. Numbering is automatic. \item Please place your tables at the end of your manuscript submission. The typesetters will put them in the appropriate place within the journal. \\ \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in \= Start the table environment with \hskip.2in \= \btt{begin\{tabular\}}, \\ \> and end with\> \btt{end\{tabular\}}. \\ \> Within the table environment, some standard options are: \\ \> Caption and number:\> \btt{caption\{caption here\}} \\ \> Begin tables:\> \btt{begin\{table\}\{column data\}} \\ \> End tables:\> \btt{end\{table\}} \\ \> Make a horizontal rule:\> \btt{tableline} \\ \> Column headings:\> \btt{multicolumn\{\}\{\}} \\ \> Footnotes:\> \btt{tablenote\{note here\}} \end{tabbing} \end{enumerate} \section{ DETAILED HOW-TO-USE INFORMATION} \begin{quote} NOTE: Do not create and use new macros. Use only \LaTeX\ and REV\TeX\ macros so the file will be usable to OSA's typesetters. \end{quote} \subsection{ Title, Authors, Affiliation, Abstract} The document template for OSA (template.tex) already contains the basic macros for the early parts of any manuscript: the title, author(s), affiliation(s), and abstract. \subsection{ Text} Paragraphs always begin with a blank input line. Unless a hyphen is required in a word and that hyphen falls at the end of a line as you type it, do not hyphenate a word at the end of a line; REV\TeX\ will do this. Continue to hyphenate modifiers within a line of text, e.g., ``electro-optical devices."\\ %\\ Use 2 single curly quotes for quotation marks around quoted text (``xxx''), not straight quotes ("xxx"). For opening quotes this is two octal 140 characters (hex 60, near the top left on most keyboards); for closing quotes, this is two octal 047 (hex 27) characters. \\ %\\ Don't use \btt{smallskip}, \btt{bigskip}, or any other vertical motion commands. Horizontal motion commands are unnecessary as well. \\ %\\ Authors should avoid the use of specially designed "define characters" and choose symbols from those shown in the \LaTeX\ User's Guide \& Reference Manual or in Appendix A of this REV\TeX\ Author's Guide. There is no guarantee that a specially designed definition will produce the desired results at the typesetter's production facility. If a special symbol is required and not listed in the \LaTeX\ User's Guide \& Reference Manual or in Appendix A of this REV\TeX\ Author's Guide, please request special consideration in the cover letter accompanying the file submittal. The copy editor will make note of it, and the typesetter will attempt to accommodate the author. {\it Use of unusual characters is subject to approval by the managing editor. } \subsection{ Section Headings } Three levels of headings are provided in REV\TeX: section, subsection, and subsubsection. Precede the section heading with the * command to suppress the automatic numbering; e.g., \\ %\\ \hskip.5in \btt{section*\{Introduction\}} \\ %\\ To label a section heading for cross referencing use the \btt{label} command after the heading; e.g., \\ %\\ \hskip.5in \btt{section\{Introduction\}} \btt{label\{sec:intro\}}\\ %\\ \subsection{ Math Within Paragraphs } REV\TeX\ uses the delimiter \$ for any in-line math, e.g., the quantity, $a^z$, is obtained from the input, \verb+ $a^z$. +\\ %\\ Another example of in-line math is\\ %\\ \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in\= output:\= ... difference between $\langle J_z \rangle (t)$ and $\langle J-z \rangle_{\rm HF}(t) ...$ \\ \> \\ \> input:\> ... difference between \$\btt{langle} J\_z \btt{rangle} \\ \> \> (t)\$ and \$\btt{langle} J\_z \btt{rangle}\_\{\btt{rm} HF\}(t) ...\$\\ \end{tabbing} Standard mathematical style conventions are followed for in-line math, such as smaller point size for superscripts/subscripts, appropriate use of roman, italic, greek, and script fonts, and the use of special math symbols. See Appendix A for a list of available symbols. \\ %\\ \TeX\ will take care of setting the point size appropriate for variables and numbers in the superscript/subscript position. \\ %\\ \TeX\ makes latin letters within math italic by default. These are commonly used for variables. To get the roman font, commonly used for functions such as exp and erf, use the \btt{rm} command. \\ %\\ \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in \= input:\hskip.5in \= \verb+ $... {\rm exp}(t^2 - t) ...$ + \\ \> \\ \> output: \> $... {\rm exp}(t^2 - t) ...$ \\ \end{tabbing} %\\ \TeX\ will assume that you want the superscript or subscript to consist of the first token (generally a single character or command) following the \verb+^{hat} or _{en dash}+ unless you use curly brackets to delimit the superscript/subscript. It is safest to use the curly brackets if unsure. The curly brackets here also serve to limit the scope of the \btt{rm} command. Again, don't use any vertical or horizontal motion commands in math. \subsection{ Displayed Equations } The most common (and preferred) type of displayed equation is a narrow, indented single-line equation, with an equation number on the same line. Try to set as many equations as you can in this way. Specifically, use a solidus instead of a built-up fraction whenever possible. \subsubsection{ Numbering displayed equations } REV\TeX\ 3.0 permits two methods for numbering equations. You can assign your own equation numbers or you can allow REV\TeX\ to number for you. Equation numbers are not mandatory, and numbered and unnumbered equations may be intermixed. \\ %\\ Use the command \btt{eqnum\{thenumber\}} to number on your own. You can also use this command to produce a specific equation number not normally obtainable, ($1^{\prime}$), for example. \\ %\\ For automatically numbered single-line and multiline equations, use the equation and eqnarray environments. You can use the \verb+\[,\]+ commands and the eqnarray* environment for unnumbered single-line and multiline equations, respectively. The command \btt{nonumber} will suppress the numbering on a single line of an eqnarray. \\ %\\ If you wish a series of equations to be a lettered sequence, e.g., (1a), (1b), and (1c), just include the equations or eqnarray within the mathletters environment. \\ %\\ Finally, to have REV\TeX\ number equations by section, use the eqsecnum style option. See the sample manuscript in Section {\it V} for illustrations of these equation numbering options. \subsubsection{ Cross referencing displayed equations } Authors will probably not cross reference every equation in text. When a numbered equation needs to be referred to in text by its number, the \btt{label\{tag\}} and \btt{ref\{tag\}} commands should be used. The \btt{label} command is used within the equation or the eqnarray line to be referenced. \\ %\\ \begin{quote} input: \\ \btt{begin\{equation\}} \\ \verb"{\partial^2 \psi \over \partial x^2} + {\partial^2 \psi \over \partial y^2} + {\partial^2 \psi \over \partial z^2} = - {\partial \psi \over \partial t}" \\ \btt{label\{schroedinger\}} \\ \btt{end\{equation\}} \\ ... It follows from Eq.\btt{} (\btt{ref\{schroedinger\}}) that this is the case... \\ \end{quote} \hskip.15in output: \begin{equation} {\partial^2 \psi \over \partial x^2} + {\partial^2 \psi \over \partial y^2} + {\partial^2 \psi \over \partial z^2} = - {\partial \psi \over \partial t} \label{schroedinger} \end{equation} \begin{quote} ... It follows from Eq.\ (\ref{schroedinger}) that this is the case... \end{quote} %\\ Please note the parentheses surrounding the command. They are necessary for proper output. You can also label individual lines in an eqnarray. Numbers produced with \btt{eqnum} can also be cross referenced; just follow the \btt{eqnum} command with a \btt{label} command. See section F. Footnotes and References for further information. \subsection{ Footnotes and References } \begin{tabular}{|cl|} \hline \hskip.5in Quick & Guide to References \\ \hline 1. & The \btt{bibitem} command begins a reference. \\ 2. & References must be listed in the reference section in the order \\ & in which they are first cited, in text, figures, or tables. \\ 3. & References will automatically be numbered by REV\TeX\ in the $\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$\\ & order in which they occur in the reference section, unless \\ & the author provides his/her own label. \\ \hline \end{tabular} \vskip.5in The list of references should appear after the main body of the paper. References must be numbered consecutively in the order of their first citation. Please refer to recent issues of the OSA journals for current style. The sample manuscript in Section {\bf V} also gives some examples of a variety of reference entries. \\ %\\ List the references in the reference section by using the \btt{bibitem} command, and cite them in the text by using the \btt{cite} or \btt{onlinecite} command. A present-address footnote should appear immediately above the reference section. If there are acknowledgments, the present-address footnote should be the last item in the acknowledgments section. \\ %\\ Here is a sample reference.\\ %\\ \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in\= input: \hskip.5in \=\btt{bibitem\{homer91\}}G. Homer and B. T. Rogers, \\ \> \> \btt{ao} \{\btt{bf} 30,\} 5002-5004 (1991).\\ \> \\ \> output: \> 1. G. Homer and B. T. Rogers, \ao {\bf 30,} 5002- 5004 (1991). \\ \end{tabbing} %\\ {homer91} is a tag. It can be any string of letters and numbers that you will easily associate with the reference. This tag will be used in text to tell \TeX\ what reference you want to cite. See the example below.\\ %\\ \begin{tabbing} \hskip.5in\= input:\hskip.5in\= ... This has been noted previously \btt{cite\{homer91\}}.\\ \> \\ \> output: \> ... This has been noted previously$^1$. \\ \end{tabbing} %\\ The macro \btt{ao} in the above example expands to Appl. Opt., the standard abbreviation for Applied Optics. OSA has provided macros for the most common journal abbreviations used in OSA publications. The macros save typing and improve the consistent spelling of references. For a complete listing see Table 5 at the end of the sample document in \\ Section {\it V}. %\\ %\subsection{ Cross Referencing } REV\TeX\ has built-in features for autonumbering of section headings, equations, tables, and figures. Cross referencing depends on the use of tags that are defined by the user. Tags are strings of characters that identify the equations, tables, and figures for the purposes of the user and so that the user doesn't have to know what number REV\TeX\ has automatically assigned to the item. The \btt{label} command is used to identify tags for \TeX. \\ %\\ You will need to \LaTeX\ the original file more than once to ensure that the tags have been properly linked to appropriate numbers. If you add any tags, you will need to \LaTeX\ more than once in subsequent work sessions. \LaTeX\ will display an error message that ends with \begin{center} \ldots Rerun to get cross-reference right. \end{center} If you see that message, \LaTeX\ the file again. If the error message appears after two \LaTeX ings, please check your labels. You probably have referred to an item in text without tagging the item. \\ %\\ You may not need to know (or care to know) all about what \LaTeX\ is doing for autonumbering; however, you may want to know that when you \LaTeX\ the file for the first time, an auxiliary file with the .aux filename extension will be created that connects numbers with their tags. Subsequent \LaTeX ing accesses the auxiliary file to put the proper number in the text. % End of Cross Referencing subsection... \subsection{ Figure Captions} Figure captions are a part of the electronic manuscript and should appear after the references. They should be input sequentially in the order in which they are cited in the text; REV\TeX\ will label and number the captions Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc. Please place the figure captions at the end of the manuscript. \\ %\\ The \btt{label} command is used to cross reference figures in the text. This command is inserted after the text of the figure caption and before the final curly bracket.\\ %\\ \begin{tabular}{ll} input: & \btt{figure}\{Text of first caption.\btt{label\{fig1\}\}} \\ & \btt{figure}\{This is the second caption: high-pressure Xe- \\ & lamp spectrum as seen at the output of the Mach-Zehnder \\ & interferometer\}.\btt{label\{fig2\}} \\ & \\ output: & Fig. 1. Text of first caption. \\ & \\ & Fig. 2. This is the second caption: high-pressure \\ & Xe-lamp spectrum as seen at the output of the Mach- \\ & Zehnder interferometer. \\ & \\ \end{tabular} \\ Figures are cited in text with the use of the \btt{ref} command. \\ %\\ \begin{tabular}{ll} input: & ... It can be seen from Fig. \btt{ref}\{fig1\} that the data\\ & are inconsistent with this conclusion... \\ & \\ output:& ... It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the data are \\ & inconsistent with this conclusion... \\ & \\ \end{tabular} \\ %\\ Figures and illustrations are submitted as originals or glossy prints. Follow the rules elaborated in the Information for Contributors sections that appear in most issues of OSA's journals. \subsection{ Tables } Tables are a part of the electronic manuscript and should appear at the end of the file. Every table must have a complete title and the correct number of descriptive column headings. Please set all tables within a \btt{begin\{tabular\}} and an \btt{end\{tabular\}} command. Each individual table must begin with \btt{begin\{table\}}, and end with \btt{end\{table\}}. \\ %\\ Tables are set to 15.25 cm wide in OSA's manuscript style of REV\TeX. Any usage of the \btt{narrowtext}, \btt{mediumtext}, and \btt{widetext} commands will simply be ignored, as these are not relevant to OSA's manuscript style. \\ %\\ See examples of tables in a current OSA journal issue for the placement of table lines. The table commands will set single horizontal lines appearing at the beginning and end of the table. A single horizontal rule should be set after the column headings with the use of the \btt{tableline} command. Extra sets of column headings within the table will require another \btt{tableline} to separate the headings from the column entries. Do not insert any other horizontal or vertical lines in the body of the table. \\ %\\ Since tables are automatically numbered, the \btt{label} command is used with the \btt{ref} command to cite tables in the text. The \btt{label} command should appear after the \btt{end\{tabular\}} and before the \btt{end\{table\}} command. \\ \hskip.15in \begin{center} Special Table Considerations \end{center} \begin{enumerate} \item Numerical columns should align on the decimal point. Use the d alignment designator. \\ \item Use \$ delimiters for all math in a table (no displayed equation commands). \\ \item Footnotes in a table will automatically be labeled a, b, c, etc. \\ \item Extra wide tables that will not fit into the 15.25-cm width provided can be compressed by using the \btt{squeezetable} command. \end{enumerate} \section{ INPUT AND OUTPUT FROM A SAMPLE MANUSCRIPT} The following pages illustrate a short annotated sample of an OSA manuscript created with REV\TeX. Both the input and output are presented for comparison purposes. We welcome your suggestions of sample formats or conventions that might be added to this manuscript example in the future to make it more useful to OSA's authors. Please send your ideas to \begin{quote} Frank E. Harris \\ Optical Society of America \\ 2010 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.\\ Washington, D.C. 20036-1023 \\ \end{quote} \begin{quote} Telephone: (202) 416-1903 \\ Facsimile: (202) 416-6102 \\ E-Mail: fharris@aip.org (Internet) \\ \end{quote} In addition to examining the following sample, many OSA authors will find valuable examples in the files sample.tex, josaa.tex, josab.tex, and aplop.tex. Optics Letters authors can refer to josaa.tex or josab.tex for a style guide, and select the josaa option in the documentstyle command for their manuscripts. \\ %\\ The OSA template (template.tex) is a document file set up and ready to use for manuscript input. It includes all the basic section tags and formatting commands (macros) that are relevant to an OSA manuscript. \\ %\\ ************************************************************************** The Optical Society of America thanks you for your participation in the {\it REVTEX} electronic manuscript activity. Your electronic submissions will help the Society improve its capabilities and competencies to serve the OSA technical community even better in the future. Thank you. \newpage \setcounter{eqletter}{0} \setcounter{equation}{0} \setcounter{figure}{0} % \end{document} % This is the file MANUAL2.TEX , MODIFIED TO TEST OSA MACROS % from version 3.0 of the REVTeX macro package. % *** !!!!!!!! 3.0 !!!!!!!! *** % This file is part of a compuscript toolbox distributed by % the American Physical Society in conjunction with % the \TeX\ author-prepared program. % % All rights not specifically granted are reserved. % % Copyright (c) 1992, Optical Society of America. % % For more information, see the README file. % %Filename: manual2.tex %\documentstyle[manuscript,osa]{revtex} %\def\btt#1{{\tt$\backslash$#1}} % % %\newcommand{\MF}{{\large{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}} %\newcommand{\manual}{rm} % Replace the manual font with rm (Roman) %\newcommand\bs{\char '134 } % add backslash char to \tt font % %\begin{document} %\title{Title of Manuscript} \vskip.5in \begin{center}{ \rm \Large \bf Title of Manuscript}\end{center} %\author{A. A. Author and B. B. Author} \vskip.5in \begin{center} A. A. Author and B. B. Author\end{center} %\address{Authors' institution and/or address} \begin{center}\it Authors' institution and/or address\end{center} %\author{C. C. Author} \vskip.5in \begin{center} C. C. Author\end{center} %\address{Second author institution and/or address} \begin{center} \it Second author institution and/or address\end{center} %\maketitle %% ESSENTIAL IF TITLE, AUTHOR, OR DATE ARE TO APPEAR \begin{abstract} In this version of the manual's sample document, each page of \TeX\ output will be followed by a page in \btt{verbatim} mode showing the input that produced the facing page. This provides examples of almost everything an OSA author needs to know to produce an article. The facing page format makes it especially convenient. \end{abstract} \section*{1. First-level heading:} \label{sec:level1} \baselineskip = 2\baselineskip Here is the first sentence in Section 1, demonstrating section cross-referencing. Note that this sample file was run without the eqsecnum option selected. OSA accepts equation numbers of the form (1), (2), etc. If you wish to use numbers of the form (1.1), (1.2), etc., use the eqsecnum option. The author will not know the received date when the compuscript is first submitted; production will insert this. Every article includes an abstract. The abstract is a concise summary of the work covered at length in the main body of the article. It is used for secondary publications and for information retrieval purposes. OSA will enter the received date. \newpage \baselineskip = .5\baselineskip % single space the verbatim \begin{verbatim} % This is the file MANUAL2.TEX , MODIFIED TO TEST OSA MACROS % from version 3.0 of the REVTeX macro package. % *** !!!!!!!! 3.0 !!!!!!!! *** % This file is part of a compuscript toolbox distributed by % APS and OSA in conjunction with the TeX author-prepared program. % All rights not specifically granted are reserved. % Copyright (c) 1992 Optical Society of America. % % For more information, see the README file. % Filename: manual2.tex \documentstyle[manuscript,osa]{revtex} \def\btt#1{{\tt$\backslash$#1}} \newcommand{\MF}{{\large{\manual META}\-{\manual FONT}}} \newcommand{\manual}{rm} % Replace the manual font with rm (Roman) \newcommand\bs{\char '134 } % add backslash char to \tt font % \begin{document} \title{Title of Manuscript} \author{A. A. Author and B. B. Author} \address{Authors' institution and/or address} \author{C. C. Author} \address{Second author institution and/or address} \maketitle %% ESSENTIAL IF TITLE, AUTHOR, OR DATE ARE TO APPEAR \begin{abstract} In this version of the manual's sample document, each page of \TeX\ output will be followed by a page in \btt{verbatim} mode showing the input that produced the facing page. This provides examples of almost everything an OSA author needs to know to produce an article. The facing page format makes it especially convenient. \end{abstract} \section{First-level heading:} \label{sec:level1} Here is the first sentence in Section \ref{sec:level1}, demonstrating section cross-referencing. Note that this sample file was run without the eqsecnum option selected. OSA accepts equation numbers of the form (1), (2), etc. If you wish to use numbers of the form (1.1), (1.2), etc., use the eqsecnum option. The author will not know the received date when the compuscript is first submitted; production will insert this. Every article includes an abstract. The abstract is a concise summary of the work covered at length in the main body of the article. It is used for secondary publications and for information retrieval purposes. OSA will enter the received date. \end{verbatim} \newpage \baselineskip = 2\baselineskip % back to double space \subsection*{A. Second-level heading:} \label{sec:level2} Here is the first sentence in Section 1 A, demonstrating section cross-referencing. The commands \btt{section} and \btt{subsection} are used to start sections and subsections. You should follow the section command with the section title, enclosed in curly brackets. If you wish to cross-reference a section, follow the section command with a \btt{label\{ Your-section-name\}} command. A blank input line tells \TeX\ that a new paragraph begins. Reference citations in text use the command \btt{cite}. In the reference section of this paper each reference is ``tagged'' by a string (in curly brackets). The proper form for citing in text is \btt{cite}$\{${\it string}$\}$, and the result is shown here.\cite{smith82,jones78} We will cite other people \cite{smith82,jonessmith80} and journals here. We also cite other people again (Refs.\ \onlinecite{smith82} and \onlinecite{jonessmith80}). To get reference numbers that appear on the line, use the \btt{onlinecite} command. It is worth mentioning that REV\TeX\ ``collapses'' lists of reference numbers where possible. We now cite everyone together, \cite{smith82,jones78,jonessmith80} and once again (Refs.\ \onlinecite{smith82,jones78,jonessmith80}). \section*{2. Displayed equations} \subsection*{A. Another second-level heading} \subsubsection*{1. Third-level heading:} \label{sec:level3} Here is the first sentence in Section 2 A 1, demonstrating section cross-referencing. In \LaTeX\ there are many different ways to display equations, and a few preferred ways are noted below. Below we have indented, single-line equations with numbers; this is the most common type of equation in {\bf OSA} journals: \begin{equation} \chi_+(p)\alt{\bf [}2|{\bf p}|(|{\bf p}|+p_z){\bf ]}^{-1/2} \left( \begin{array}{c} |{\bf p}|+p_z\\ px+ip_y \end{array}\right)\;, \end{equation} \newpage \baselineskip = .5\baselineskip % single space the verbatim \begin{verbatim} \subsection{Second-level heading:} \label{sec:level2} Here is the first sentence in Section \ref{sec:level2}, demonstrating section cross-referencing. The commands \btt{section} and \btt{subsection} are used to start sections and subsections. You should follow the section command with the section title, enclosed in curly brackets. If you wish to cross-reference a section, follow the section command with a \btt{label\{ Your-section-name\}} command. A blank input line tells \TeX\ that a new paragraph begins. Reference citations in text use the command \btt{cite}. In the reference section of this paper each reference is ``tagged'' by a string (in curly brackets). The proper form for citing in text is \btt{cite}$\{${\it string}$\}$, and the result is shown here \cite{smith82,jones78}. We will cite other people \cite{smith82,jonessmith80} and journals here. We also cite other people again (Refs.\ \onlinecite{smith82} and \onlinecite{jonessmith80}). To get reference numbers that appear on the line, use the \btt{onlinecite} command. It is worth mentioning that REV\TeX\ ``collapses'' lists of reference numbers where possible. We now cite everyone together, \cite{smith82,jones78,jonessmith80} and once again (Refs.\ \onlinecite{smith82,jones78,jonessmith80}). \section{Displayed equations} \subsection{Another second-level heading} \subsubsection{Third-level heading:} \label{sec:level3} Here is the first sentence in Section\ \ref{sec:level3}, demonstrating section cross-referencing. In \LaTeX\ there are many different ways to display equations, and a few preferred ways are noted below. Below we have indented, single-line equations with numbers; this is the most common type of equation in {\bf OSA} journals: \begin{equation} \chi_+(p)\alt{\bf [}2|{\bf p}|(|{\bf p}|+p_z){\bf ]}^{-1/2} \left(\begin{array}{c} |{\bf p}|+p_z\\ px+ip_y \end{array}\right)\;, \end{equation} \end{verbatim} \newpage \baselineskip = 2\baselineskip % back to double space \begin{equation} \left\{\openone234567890abc123\alpha\beta\gamma\delta% 1234556\alpha\beta{1\sum^{a}_{b}\over A^2}\right\}\label{one}, \end{equation} Note the outline numeral one in Eq.\ (\ref{one}). If the equation is a little wider, the equation number automatically moves down to the next line: \begin{equation} \left\{abc1234567890abc1234\alpha\beta\gamma\delta% 1234556\alpha\beta{1\sum^{a}_{b}\over A^2} abc1234567890abc1234\alpha\beta\gamma\delta% 1234556\alpha\beta{1\sum^{a}_{b}\over A^2}\right\}. \end{equation} When the \btt{label} command is used [cf. input for Eq. (\ref{one})], the equation can be referred to in text without your knowing the equation number that \TeX\ will assign to it. Math will be flush left by default, in OSA submissions. It should allow longer equations to be displayed before line numbers are displayed below. \begin{equation} \left\{ab12345678abc123456abcdef\alpha\beta\gamma\delta% 1234556\alpha\beta{1\sum^{a}_{b}\over A^2}\right\}, \end{equation} \begin{equation} \epsilon^\ast_\mu(p)\to c(V)D_V \sum_\tau c^f_\tau \bar u(f)P_\tau \gamma_\mu v( \bar f)\; [\epsilon_jl_i\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1)\;. \end{equation} If you have a single-line equation that you don't want numbered, you can use the \btt{[}, \btt{]} format: \[g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. \] \subsubsection*{2. Multiline equations} Multiline equations are obtained by using the \btt{begin$\{$eqnarray$\}$}, \btt{end$\{$eqnarray$\}$} format. Use the \btt{nonumber} command at the end of each line where you do not want a number: \begin{eqnarray} {\cal M}=&&ig_Z^2(4E_1E_2)^{1/2}(l_i^2)^{-1} \delta_{\sigma_1,-\sigma_2} (g_{\sigma_2}^e)^2\chi_{-\sigma_2}(p_2)\nonumber\\ &&\times [\epsilon_jl_i\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1), \\ \sum \vert M^{\rm viol}_g \vert ^2&=&g^{2n-4}_S(Q^2)~N^{n-2} (N^2-1)\nonumber \\ & &\times \left( \sum_{i