Referencing and bibliographies in SEG publications made easy

Martin Karrenbach

Stanford Exploration Project, 366 Mitchell, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT When preparing a paper for publication, authors usually struggle with the format

and style of references to related articles. First they have to make sure that previous publications are cited correctly in the body of the paper. Second they have to make sure that the complete list of cited publications obeys the stylistic demands of the SEG editor.

To make it as easy as possible for the author and also to enforce stylistic consistency we require that the Bibliography environment offer by LaTEX is used. SEG provides guidelines and examples of citations in this article.

PHILOSOPHY

We emphatically encourage authors to take advantage of the BibTEX style file that the SEG editor provides. If you are using TEX and LaTEX already, you should also have BibTEX available to you. If you do not, we encourage you to get hold of the latest TEX distribution – BibTEX is included.

BibTEX saves the authors of scientific articles a lot of work, by converting BibTEX database entries into bibliographic entries used in LaTEX . Those get automatically included in your paper using the correct style. All references will automatically get sorted and correctly numbered if there are more than one paper from the same author per year. The appropriate style will be chosen depending on the type of citation such as articles, books, proceedings, theses or talks.

SEG currently provides all Geophysics articles up to 1992 on CDROM, also in the previous year SEG published indices of Geophysics, The Leading Edge, SEG Abstracts, SEG Books and the publications of associated geophysical organizations. All those data bases can be easily converted into BibTEX files. The Stanford Exploration Project has used this method since 1991 and is happy to provide SEG with those tools.

You do not need to rely on outside BibTEX databases, but you can easily create your own BibTEX files. At the end of this section the file segmaster.bib is included as an example. For more details have a look in Lamport’s LaTEX guide. (Lamport, 1985)

HOW TO USE BIBLIOGRAPHIES IN LaTEX

LaTEX allows to refer to published material using the \cite{ } command. The SEG style file augments that by another command \shortcite{ }, which only displays the year and not the author names. For example to cite the first article in the bibliography that is shown below (Landes, 1966), use the command \cite{lan66}. The citation key lan66 is the second argument to the \bibitem[tag]{citation key} command. The second type of citation: (1966) can be invoked, using \shotcite{lan66}. Those two commands govern how you want to cite material in your text. At the end of your paper there has to be a list of all cited articles. The standard way in LaTEX is to have all cited entries listed in the thebibliography environment. After the CONCLUSIONS and ACKNOWLEDG-MENTS, the reference list will appear by typing:

\begin{thebibliography}{0}
\bibitem[Landes, 1966]{lan66}
Landes, K. K., 1966, A scrutiny of the abstract, {II}: AAPG Bull., {\bf 50},
1992.
\bibitem[Lindsey, 1993]{lindsey94}
Lindsey, J. P, Jr., Instructions to authors: Geophysics, {\bf 58}, 2-9.
\end{thebibliography}

The result will be the following:

REFERENCES

Landes, K. K., 1966, A scrutiny of the abstract, II: AAPG Bull., 50, 1992.

Lindsey, J. P, Jr., Instructions to authors: Geophysics, 58, 2-9.

This requires the author to type in all cited articles. Possibly repeating it for other

publications which require slight style changes. An alternative way with BibTEX is

shown in the next section (which avoids typing those in).

HOW TO USE BibTEX TO CREATE BIBLIOGRAPHIES

In contrast to the previous section you could have put the two entries in the following form in a file segmaster.bib:

@ARTICLE{lan66,
   author = {K. K. Landes},
   journal = {AAPG Bull.},
   title = {A scrutiny of the abstract, {II}},
   volume = {50},
   page= {1992}
   year = {1966}
}
@ARTICLE{lindsey94,
   author = {J. P. Jr. Lindsey},
   journal = {Geophysics},
   title = {Instructions to authors},
   volume = {58},
   pages = {2-9},
   year = {1993}
}

All entries start with some type identifier, such as @ARTICLE, that will describe

what kind of publication it is. The first item after that is the citation key lan66.

This is the key you use to refer to the entry and with which you cite the document in

your paper (\cite{lan66}). Following that are descriptive keywords, like author,

title, volume, etc.. These keywords will vary with the type of publication. For more details look at Lamport’s LaTEXguide (1985) and the file segmaster.bib, which contains examples how to write your own BibTEX entries.

Instead of typing the bibliography into your paper (as the last section did) you now have merely to put a single line:

\bibliography{segmaster}

That will tell LaTEX to insert the bibliography in your paper. The argument to the \bibliography{...,...} can be a single file name (segmaster) or a comma separated list of filenames (segmaster,mybib). BibTEX assumes those files to have the extension .bib.

To get all the references resolved you have to run your paper through: latex, then through bibtex. latex creates a .aux file. bibtex uses that .aux file and creates a .bbl file. This bibliography file .bbl contains all the entries that you would have originally had to type in by hand. The biggest advantage is however, that you do not have to worry about stylistic errors. It will be correct – the SEG style file takes care of that. To get this stylistic behavior, your document must contain the command \bibliographystyle{seg}. Once you have the .bbl file created, you do not have to run bibtex again; you just use latex the same way as usual. You only have to rerun bibtex again, if you want to change (add or delete) cited papers in your manuscript.

EXAMPLES OF CITATIONS

This section shows many examples (including the ones given in “Instructions to the authors”) of citing relevant published material. The \cite command takes as argument a key, that identifies a bibliography entry. It is easiest if you compare the following citations with the original bibliography file, which is listed as an appendix.

I am citing a book in the full form (Lamport, 1985) , while here I am citing only the year of the book (1985). I was using the command: \cite{lamport} and then \shortcite{lamport}. The entry in the BibTEX file is as follow:

@BOOK{lamport,
   author = {L[eslie] Lamport},
   title = {\LaTeX\  user's guide \& reference manual},
   year = {1985},
   publisher ={Addison-Wesley Publishing Company}
}

Here I cite an article the same way, once full (Zonge and Wynn, 1975) and once just the year (1975). Articles with more than two authors are cited using the correct style (Loveridge et al., 1984). This is the citation of a magazine article (Lindsey, 1988), a M.Sc. thesis (Lodha, 1974), a patent (Anstey, 1976), a book (Davis and Rabinowitz, 1975), an article in a book (Baker and Carter, 1972), an SEG paper (Constable, 1986) and finally an SEG talk (Hubbard, 1979). Here I am citing multiple papers in one citation: (Hubbard, 1979; Constable, 1986), using \cite{segtalk,segabstract}. Be sure not to leave spaces in the comma separated list, \cite{segtalk,\ segabstract} will NOT work. Letters will be added automatically to the year if an author has two publications in the same year, such as the articles by Claerbout (1993b; 1993a).

To let you see all referenced articles, I put \bibliography{segmaster} here. This bibliography contains all references given in the “Instruction to the authors”, that appears in the first issue of each volume of Geophysics.

REFERENCES

Anstey, N., 1976, Seismic delineation of oil and gas reservoirs using borehole geophones: Canadian Patents 1 106 957 and 1 114 937.

Baker, D. W., and Carter, N. L., 1972, Seismic velocity anisotropy calculated for ultramafic minerals and aggregates, in Heard, H. C., Borg, I. V., Carter, N. L., and Raleigh, C. B., Eds., Flow and fracture of rocks: Am. Geophys. Union, Geophys. Mono., 16, 157–166.

Constable, S. C., 1986, Offshore electromagnetic surveying techniques: 56th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded Abstracts, 81–82.

Davis, P. J., and Rabinowitz, P., 1975, Methods of numerical integration: Academic Press Inc.

Hubbard, T. P., 1979, Deconvolution of surface recorded data using vertical seismic profiles: Presented at the 49th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys.

Lamport, L., 1985, LaTEX user’s guide & reference manual: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Landes, K. K., 1966, A scrutiny of the abstract, II: AAPG Bull., 50, 1992.

Lindsey, J. P., 1988, Measuring wavelet phase from seismic data: The Leading Edge, 7, no. 7, 10–16.

Lodha, G. S., 1974, Quantitative interpretation of ariborne electromagnetic response for a spherical model: Masters’s thesis, University of Toronto.

Loveridge, M. M., Parkes, G. E., Hatton, L., and Worthington, M. H., 1984, Effects of marine source array directivity on seismic data and source signature deconvolution: First Break, 2, no. 7, 16–23.

Zonge, K. L., and Wynn, J. C., 1975, EM coupling, its intrinsic value, its removal, and the cultural coupling problem: Geophysics, 40, 831–850.

Claerbout, J. F., 1993a, 3-d local-monoplane annihilator: Stanford Exploration Project Report, 77, 19–26.

Claerbout, J. F., 1993b, Steep-dip deconvolution: Stanford Exploration Project Report, 77, 245–256.

APPENDIX: LISTING

I list the complete bibliography file, that is used by this paper. This file could be

used to create many different reference styles. Please compare these entries to the

previous bibliographies.

@ARTICLE{lan66,
author = {K[] K[] Landes},
journal = {AAPG Bull.},
title = {A scrutiny of the abstract, {II}},
volume = {50},
pages={1992},
year = {1966}
}
@ARTICLE{lindsey93,
author = {J. P. Jr. Lindsey},
journal = {Geophysics},
title = {Instructions to authors},
volume = {58},
pages = {2-9},
year = {1993}
}
@ARTICLE{segarticle,
author = {K[] L[] Zonge and J[] C[] Wynn},
journal = {Geophysics},
title = {{EM} coupling, its intrinsic value, its removal,
          and the cultural coupling problem},
volume = {40},
pages = {831--850},
year = {1975}
}
@ARTICLE{segmagazine,
author = {J[] P[] Lindsey},
journal = {The Leading Edge},
title = {Measuring wavelet phase from seismic data},
volume = {7},
number = {7},
pages = {10-16},
year = {1988}
}
@BOOK{segbook,
author = {P[] J[] Davis and P[] Rabinowitz},
title = {Methods of numerical integration},
year = {1975},

publisher ={Academic Press Inc.}
}
@INBOOK{inbook,
 author={D. W. Baker and N. L. Carter},
 year={1972},
 editor={ H. C. Heard and I. V. Borg and N. L. Carter and C. B. Raleigh},
 title={Seismic velocity anisotropy calculated for ultramafic minerals
         and aggregates},
 booktitle={Flow and fracture of rocks},
 publisher={Am. Geophys. Union},
 series={Geophys. Mono.},
 volume={16},
 pages={157-166}
}
@MASTERSTHESIS{segms,
author = {G[unter] S[ergei] Lodha},
title = {Quantitative interpretation of ariborne
         electromagnetic response for a spherical model},
school = {University of Toronto},
year = {1974}
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{segtalk,
author={T. P. Hubbard},
howpublished = {talk},
year=  {1979},
title ={Deconvolution of surface recorded data using
        vertical seismic profiles},
meeting={49th Ann. Internat. Mtg.},
publisher={Soc. Expl. Geophys.},
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{segabstract,
author={S[ullivan] C[lay] Constable},
year=  {1986},
title ={Offshore electromagnetic surveying techniques},
meeting={56th Ann. Internat. Mtg.},
booktitle={Expanded Abstracts},
publisher={Soc. Expl. Geophys.},
pages={81-82}
}
@ARTICLE{patent,
author={N. Anstey},
title={Seismic delineation of oil and gas reservoirs using
      borehole geophones},
year={1976},
journal={Canadian Patents 1 106 957 and 1 114 937}

}
@PHDTHESIS{segphd,
author = {J[oe] Dellinger},
title = {Anisotropic Wave Propagation},
school = {Stanford University},
year = {1990}
}
@ARTICLE{magazine3,
author={M. M.  Loveridge  and G. E.  Parkes
       and L.   Hatton  and M. H.  Worthington },
title={Effects of Marine Source Array Directivity on
      Seismic Data and Source Signature Deconvolution},
year=1984,
journal={First Break},
volume=2,
number=7,
pages={16-23}
}
@BOOK{lamport,
author = {L[eslie] Lamport},
title = {{\LaTeX\  user's guide \& reference manual}},
year = {1985},
publisher ={Addison-Wesley Publishing Company}
}

FIGURES

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