The following packages are absolutely required to compile anything:
gcc: the compilerbinutils: supporting utilitieskernel-source: it contains some important headerslibc-include: it contains most other headerslibc-devel: the remaining miscellaneaIn addition, you'll almost certainly want to have make, which allows
you to use Makefiles.
Other possibly necessary packages include
bin86: real-mode binutils
(used to build the kernel and dosemu)bison: the GNU version of yacc, a parser generator
(used for *.y)byacc: the BSD version of yacc
(a few programs prefer this to bison)flex: the GNU version of lex, a lexical scanner generator
(used for *.l)gcc-c++: the C++ compiler
(used for *.cc, *.C, *.cxx, and *.c++)libg++: the standard and GNU c++ libraries
(needed for almost all C++ programs)gcc-objc: the Objective-C compiler
(used for *.m)patch: a patch applierdiffutils: a patch makerpmake: a BSD version of make
(BSD Makefiles have a slightly different syntax)XFree86-devel: XFree86 libraries
(needed to build X programs)ImageMagick-devel: ImageMagick libraries
(rarely needed)e2fsprogs-devel: ext2fs libraries
(needed to build low-level filesystem programs)libgr-devel: various graphics libraries
(needed by many graphics programs)ncurses-devel: a full-featured curses library
(needed by many interactive textual programs)slang-devel: the SLang library
(used by some programs)svgalib-devel: a console graphics library
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