Noise Characterization

As anticipated, the noise is dominated by amplifier noise, with possible substantial contributions from external interference. Thermal noise is sufficiently small it is possibly unmeasurable in practice.

The amplifier noise depends substantially on the quality of the op-amp itself. The noise density from the amplifier varies from 30 to 150 #tex2html_wrap_inline1364# for reasonable op-amps. External interference, even in a noisy lab environment typically remains below 50 #tex2html_wrap_inline1366#. Therefore, the total noise at the receiver is between 30 #tex2html_wrap_inline1368# (low noise op-amp and negligible interference) and 200 #tex2html_wrap_inline1370# (generic op-amp and electrically noisy environment).