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File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Copyright,  Prev: (dir),  Up: (dir)

This file documents how to install the 1.2 release of Kerberos V5.

* Menu:

* Copyright::
* Introduction::
* Realm Configuration Decisions::
* Building Kerberos V5::
* Installing Kerberos V5::
* Upgrading Existing Kerberos V5 Installations::
* Bug Reports for Kerberos V5::
* Files::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Copyright,  Next: Introduction,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top

Copyright
*********

Copyright (C) 1985-2001 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

     Export of software employing encryption from the United States of
     America may require a specific license from the United States
     Government.  It is the responsibility of any person or organization
     contemplating export to obtain such a license before exporting.

WITHIN THAT CONSTRAINT, permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute
this software and its documentation for any purpose and without fee is
hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice
appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of M.I.T. not be
used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the
software without specific, written prior permission.  Furthermore if you
modify this software you must label your software as modified software
and not distribute it in such a fashion that it might be confused with
the original MIT software.  M.I.T. makes no representations about the
suitability of this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is"
without express or implied warranty.

The following copyright and permission notice applies to the OpenVision
Kerberos Administration system located in kadmin/create, kadmin/dbutil,
kadmin/passwd, kadmin/server, lib/kadm5, and portions of lib/rpc:

     Copyright, OpenVision Technologies, Inc., 1996, All Rights Reserved

     WARNING:  Retrieving the OpenVision Kerberos Administration system
     source code, as described below, indicates your acceptance of the
     following terms.  If you do not agree to the following terms, do
     not retrieve the OpenVision Kerberos administration system.

     You may freely use and distribute the Source Code and Object Code
     compiled from it, with or without modification, but this Source
     Code is provided to you "AS IS" EXCLUSIVE OF ANY WARRANTY,
     INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
     OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY,
     WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  IN NO EVENT WILL OPENVISION HAVE ANY
     LIABILITY FOR ANY LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF DATA OR COSTS OF
     PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, OR FOR ANY SPECIAL,
     INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT,
     INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE
     SOURCE CODE, OR THE FAILURE OF THE SOURCE CODE TO PERFORM, OR FOR
     ANY OTHER REASON.

     OpenVision retains all copyrights in the donated Source Code.
     OpenVision also retains copyright to derivative works of the
     Source Code, whether created by OpenVision or by a third party.
     The OpenVision copyright notice must be preserved if derivative
     works are made based on the donated Source Code.

     OpenVision Technologies, Inc. has donated this Kerberos
     Administration system to MIT for inclusion in the standard
     Kerberos 5 distribution.  This donation underscores our commitment
     to continuing Kerberos technology development and our gratitude
     for the valuable work which has been performed by MIT and the
     Kerberos community.

Kerberos V5 includes documentation and software developed at the
University of California at Berkeley, which includes this copyright
notice:

Copyright (C) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
met:
  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
     documentation and/or other materials provided with the
     distribution.

  3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
     software must display the following acknowledgement:
          This product includes software developed by the University of
          California, Berkeley and its contributors.

  4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its
     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
     from this software without specific prior written permission.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notices and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
permission notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Introduction,  Next: Realm Configuration Decisions,  Prev: Copyright,  Up: Top

Introduction
************

* Menu:

* What is Kerberos and How Does it Work?::
* Why Should I use Kerberos?::
* Please Read the Documentation::
* Overview of This Guide::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: What is Kerberos and How Does it Work?,  Next: Why Should I use Kerberos?,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Introduction

What is Kerberos and How Does it Work?
======================================

Kerberos V5 is based on the Kerberos authentication system developed at
MIT.  Under Kerberos, a client (generally either a user or a service)
sends a request for a ticket to the Key Distribution Center (KDC).  The
KDC creates a "ticket-granting ticket" (TGT) for the client, encrypts
it using the client's password as the key, and sends the encrypted TGT
back to the client.  The client then attempts to decrypt the TGT, using
its password.  If the client successfully decrypts the TGT (i.e., if
the client gave the correct password), it keeps the decrypted TGT,
which indicates proof of the client's identity.

The TGT, which expires at a specified time, permits the client to obtain
additional tickets, which give permission for specific services.  The
requesting and granting of these additional tickets is user-transparent.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Why Should I use Kerberos?,  Next: Please Read the Documentation,  Prev: What is Kerberos and How Does it Work?,  Up: Introduction

Why Should I use Kerberos?
==========================

Since Kerberos negotiates authenticated, and optionally encrypted,
communications between two points anywhere on the Internet, it provides
a layer of security that is not dependent on which side of a firewall
either client is on.  Since studies have shown that half of the computer
security breaches in industry happen from inside firewalls, Kerberos V5
from MIT will play a vital role in the security of your network.

This document is one piece of the document set for Kerberos V5.  The
documents, and their intended audiences, are:

   * Kerberos V5 Installation Guide:  a concise guide for installing
     Kerberos V5.  Kerberos administrators (particularly whoever will be
     making site-wide decisions about the installation) and the system
     administrators who will be installing the software should read this
     guide.

   * Kerberos V5 System Administrator's Guide:  a sysadmin's guide to
     administering a Kerberos installation.  The System Administrator's
     Guide describes the administration software and suggests policies
     and procedures for administering a Kerberos installation.  Anyone
     who will have administrative access to your Kerberos database
     should read this guide.

   * Kerberos V5 UNIX User's Guide:  a guide to using the Kerberos UNIX
     client programs.  All users on UNIX systems should read this guide,
     particularly the "Tutorial" section.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Please Read the Documentation,  Next: Overview of This Guide,  Prev: Why Should I use Kerberos?,  Up: Introduction

Please Read the Documentation
=============================

As with any software package that uses a centrallized database, the
installation procedure is somewhat involved, and requires forethought
and planning.  MIT has attempted to make this Kerberos V5 Installation
Guide as concise as possible, rather than making it an exhaustive
description of the details of Kerberos.  Consequently, everything in
this guide appears because MIT believes that it is important.  Please
read and follow these instructions carefully.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Overview of This Guide,  Prev: Please Read the Documentation,  Up: Introduction

Overview of This Guide
======================

The next chapter describes the decisions you need to make before
installing Kerberos V5.

Chapter four describes installation procedures for each class of
Kerberos machines:

  1. Key Distribution Centers (KDCs).

       A. The Master KDC.

       B. Slave KDCs.

  2. UNIX client machines

  3. UNIX application server machines

Note that a machine can be both a client machine and an application
server.

Chapter five describes procedure for updating previous installations of
Kerberos V5.

Chapter six describes our problem reporting system.

The appendices give sample configuration files.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Realm Configuration Decisions,  Next: Building Kerberos V5,  Prev: Introduction,  Up: Top

Realm Configuration Decisions
*****************************

Before installing Kerberos V5, it is necessary to consider the
following issues:

   * The name of your Kerberos realm (or the name of each realm, if you
     need more than one).

   * How you will map your hostnames onto Kerberos realms.

   * Which ports your KDC and and kadmin (database access) services
     will use.

   * How many slave KDCs you need and where they should be located.

   * The hostnames of your master and slave KDCs.

   * How frequently you will propagate the database from the master KDC
     to the slave KDCs.

   * Whether you need backward compatibility with Kerberos V4.

* Menu:

* Kerberos Realms::
* Mapping Hostnames onto Kerberos Realms::
* Ports for the KDC and Admin Services::
* Slave KDCs::
* Hostnames for the Master and Slave KDCs::
* Database Propagation::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Kerberos Realms,  Next: Mapping Hostnames onto Kerberos Realms,  Prev: Realm Configuration Decisions,  Up: Realm Configuration Decisions

Kerberos Realms
===============

Although your Kerberos realm can be any ASCII string, convention is to
make it the same as your domain name, in upper-case letters.  For
example, hosts in the domain fubar.org would be in the Kerberos realm
FUBAR.ORG.

If you need multiple Kerberos realms, MIT recommends that you use
descriptive names which end with your domain name, such as
BOSTON.FUBAR.ORG and HOUSTON.FUBAR.ORG.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Mapping Hostnames onto Kerberos Realms,  Next: Ports for the KDC and Admin Services,  Prev: Kerberos Realms,  Up: Realm Configuration Decisions

Mapping Hostnames onto Kerberos Realms
======================================

Mapping hostnames onto Kerberos realms is done in one of two ways.

The first mechanism, which has been in use for years in MIT-based
Kerberos distributions, works through a set of rules in the `krb5.conf'
configuration file.  (*Note krb5.conf::.)  You can specify mappings for
an entire domain or subdomain, and/or on a hostname-by-hostname basis.
Since greater specificity takes precedence, you would do this by
specifying the mappings for a given domain or subdomain and listing the
exceptions.

The Kerberos V5 System Administrator's Guide contains a thorough
description of the parts of the `krb5.conf' file and what may be
specified in each.  A sample `krb5.conf' file appears in *Note
krb5.conf::.  You should be able to use this file, substituting the
relevant information for your Kerberos installation for the samples.

The second mechanism, recently introduced into the MIT code base but not
currently used by default, works by looking up the information in
special `TXT' records in the Domain Name Service.  If this mechanism is
enabled on the client, it will try to look up a `TXT' record for the
DNS name formed by putting the prefix `_kerberos' in front of the
hostname in question.  If that record is not found, it will try using
`_kerberos' and the host's domain name, then its parent domain, and so
forth.  So for the hostname BOSTON.ENGINEERING.FOOBAR.COM, the names
looked up would be:

     _kerberos.boston.engineering.foobar.com
     _kerberos.engineering.foobar.com
     _kerberos.foobar.com
     _kerberos.com

The value of the first TXT record found is taken as the realm name.
(Obviously, this doesn't work all that well if a host and a subdomain
have the same name, and different realms.  For example, if all the hosts
in the ENGINEERING.FOOBAR.COM domain are in the ENGINEERING.FOOBAR.COM
realm, but a host named ENGINEERING.FOOBAR.COM is for some reason in
another realm.  In that case, you would set up TXT records for all
hosts, rather than relying on the fallback to the domain name.)

Even if you do not choose to use this mechanism within your site, you
may wish to set up anyways, for use when interacting with other sites.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Ports for the KDC and Admin Services,  Next: Slave KDCs,  Prev: Mapping Hostnames onto Kerberos Realms,  Up: Realm Configuration Decisions

Ports for the KDC and Admin Services
====================================

The default ports used by Kerberos are port 88 for the KDC(1)  and port
749 for the admin server.  You can, however, choose to run on other
ports, as long as they are specified in each host's `/etc/services' and
`krb5.conf' files, and the `kdc.conf' file on each KDC.  For a more
thorough treatment of port numbers used by the Kerberos V5 programs,
refer to the "Configuring Your Firewall to Work With Kerberos V5"
section of the `Kerberos V5 System Administrator's Guide'.

---------- Footnotes ----------

(1) Kerberos V4 used port 750.  If necessary, you can run on both ports
for backward compatibility.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Slave KDCs,  Next: Hostnames for the Master and Slave KDCs,  Prev: Ports for the KDC and Admin Services,  Up: Realm Configuration Decisions

Slave KDCs
==========

Slave KDCs provide an additional source of Kerberos ticket-granting
services in the event of inaccessibility of the master KDC.  The number
of slave KDCs you need and the decision of where to place them, both
physically and logically, depends on the specifics of your network.

All of the Kerberos authentication on your network requires that each
client be able to contact a KDC.  Therefore, you need to anticipate any
likely reason a KDC might be unavailable and have a slave KDC to take up
the slack.

Some considerations include:

   * Have at least one slave KDC as a backup, for when the master KDC is
     down, is being upgraded, or is otherwise unavailable.

   * If your network is split such that a network outage is likely to
     cause a network partition (some segment or segments of the network
     to become cut off or isolated from other segments), have a slave
     KDC accessible to each segment.

   * If possible, have at least one slave KDC in a different building
     from the master, in case of power outages, fires, or other
     localized disasters.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Hostnames for the Master and Slave KDCs,  Next: Database Propagation,  Prev: Slave KDCs,  Up: Realm Configuration Decisions

Hostnames for the Master and Slave KDCs
=======================================

MIT recommends that your KDCs have a predefined set of CNAME records
(DNS hostname aliases), such as `kerberos' for the master KDC and
`kerberos-1', `kerberos-2', ... for the slave KDCs.  This way, if you
need to swap a machine, you only need to change a DNS entry, rather
than having to change hostnames.

A new mechanism for locating KDCs of a realm through DNS has been added
to the MIT Kerberos V5 distribution.  A relatively new record type
called `SRV' has been added to DNS.  Looked up by a service name and a
domain name, these records indicate the hostname and port number to
contact for that service, optionally with weighting and prioritization.
(See RFC 2782 if you want more information.  You can follow the
example below for straightforward cases.)

The use with Kerberos is fairly straightforward.  The domain name used
in the SRV record name is the domain-style Kerberos realm name.  (It is
possible to have Kerberos realm names that are not DNS-style names, but
we don't recommend it for Internet use, and our code does not support it
well.)  Several different Kerberos-related service names are used:

`_kerberos._udp'
     This is for contacting any KDC.  This entry will be used the most
     often.  Normally you should list ports 88 and 750 on each of your
     KDCs.

`_kerberos-master._udp'
     This entry should refer to those KDCs, if any, that will
     immediately see password changes to the Kerberos database.  This
     entry is used only in one case, when the user is logging in and
     the password appears to be incorrect; the master KDC is then
     contacted, and the same password used to try to decrypt the
     response, in case the user's password had recently been changed
     and the first KDC contacted hadn't been updated.  Only if that
     fails is an "incorrect password" error given.

     If you have only one KDC, or for whatever reason there is no
     accessible KDC that would get database changes faster than the
     others, you do not need to define this entry.

`_kerberos-adm._tcp'
     This should list port 749 on your master KDC.  Support for it is
     not complete at this time, but it will eventually be used by the
     `kadmin' program and related utilities.  For now, you will also
     need the `admin_server' entry in `krb5.conf'.

`_kpasswd._udp'
     This should list port 464 on your master KDC.  It is used when a
     user changes her password.

Be aware, however, that the DNS SRV specification requires that the
hostnames listed be the canonical names, not aliases.  So, for example,
you might include the following records in your (BIND-style) zone file:

     $ORIGIN foobar.com.
     _kerberos               TXT       "FOOBAR.COM"
     kerberos                CNAME     daisy
     kerberos-1              CNAME     use-the-force-luke
     kerberos-2              CNAME     bunny-rabbit
     _kerberos._udp          SRV       0 0 88 daisy
                             SRV       0 0 88 use-the-force-luke
                             SRV       0 0 88 bunny-rabbit
     _kerberos-master._udp   SRV       0 0 88 daisy
     _kerberos-adm._tcp      SRV       0 0 749 daisy
     _kpasswd._udp           SRV       0 0 464 daisy

As with the DNS-based mechanism for determining the Kerberos realm of a
host, we recommend distributing the information this way for use by
other sites that may want to interact with yours using Kerberos, even if
you don't immediately make use of it within your own site.  If you
anticipate installing a very large number of machines on which it will
be hard to update the Kerberos configuration files, you may wish to do
all of your Kerberos service lookups via DNS and not put the information
(except for `admin_server' as noted above) in future versions of your
`krb5.conf' files at all.  Eventually, we hope to phase out the listing
of server hostnames in the client-side configuration files; making
preparations now will make the transition easier in the future.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Database Propagation,  Prev: Hostnames for the Master and Slave KDCs,  Up: Realm Configuration Decisions

Database Propagation
====================

The Kerberos database resides on the master KDC, and must be propagated
regularly (usually by a cron job) to the slave KDCs.  In deciding how
frequently the propagation should happen, you will need to balance the
amount of time the propagation takes against the maximum reasonable
amount of time a user should have to wait for a password change to take
effect.

If the propagation time is longer than this maximum reasonable time
(e.g., you have a particularly large database, you have a lot of
slaves, or you experience frequent network delays), you may wish to cut
down on your propagation delay by performing the propagation in
parallel.  To do this, have the master KDC propagate the database to one
set of slaves, and then have each of these slaves propagate the database
to additional slaves.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Building Kerberos V5,  Next: Installing Kerberos V5,  Prev: Realm Configuration Decisions,  Up: Top

Building Kerberos V5
********************

Starting with the Beta 4 distribution, we are using a new configuration
system, which was built using the Free Software Foundation's `autoconf'
program.  This system will hopefully make Kerberos V5 much simpler to
build and reduce the amount of effort required in porting Kerberos V5
to a new platform.

* Menu:

* Build Requirements::          How much disk space, etc. you need to
                                           build Kerberos.
* Unpacking the Sources::       Preparing the source tree.
* Doing the Build::             Compiling Kerberos.
* Testing the Build::           Making sure Kerberos built correctly.
* Options to Configure::        Command-line options to Configure
* osconf.h::                    Header file-specific configurations
* Shared Library Support::      Building Shared Libraries for Kerberos V5
* OS Incompatibilities::        Special cases to watch for.
* Using Autoconf::              Modifying Kerberos V5's
                                            configuration scripts.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Build Requirements,  Next: Unpacking the Sources,  Prev: Building Kerberos V5,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

Build Requirements
==================

In order to build Kerberos V5, you will need approximately 60-70
megabytes of disk space.  The exact amount will vary depending on the
platform and whether the distribution is compiled with debugging symbol
tables or not.

If you wish to keep a separate "build tree", which contains the compiled
`*.o' file and executables, separate from your source tree, you will
need a `make' program which supports `VPATH', or you will need to use a
tool such as `lndir' to produce a symbolic link tree for your build
tree.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Unpacking the Sources,  Next: Doing the Build,  Prev: Build Requirements,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

Unpacking the Sources
=====================

The first step in each of these build procedures is to unpack the source
distribution.  The Kerberos V5 distribution comes in two compressed tar
files.  The first file, which is generally named `krb5-1.2.src.tar.gz',
contains the sources for all of Kerberos except for the crypto library,
which is found in the file `krb5-1.2.crypto.tar.gz'.

Both files should be unpacked in the same directory, such as
`/u1/krb5-1.2'.  (In the rest of this document, we will assume that you
have chosen to unpack the Kerberos V5 source distribution in this
directory.  Note that the tarfiles will by default all unpack into the
`./krb5-1.2' directory, so that if your current directory is `/u1' when
you unpack the tarfiles, you will get `/u1/krb5-1.2/src', etc.)


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Doing the Build,  Next: Testing the Build,  Prev: Unpacking the Sources,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

Doing the Build
===============

You have a number of different options in how to build Kerberos.  If you
only need to build Kerberos for one platform, using a single directory
tree which contains both the source files and the object files is the
simplest.  However, if you need to maintain Kerberos for a large number
of platforms, you will probably want to use separate build trees for
each platform. We recommend that you look at *Note OS
Incompatibilities::, for notes that we have on particular operating
systems.

* Menu:

* Building Within a Single Tree::
* Building with Separate Build Directories::
* Building using lndir::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Building Within a Single Tree,  Next: Building with Separate Build Directories,  Prev: Doing the Build,  Up: Doing the Build

Building Within a Single Tree
-----------------------------

If you don't want separate build trees for each architecture, then use
the following abbreviated procedure.

  1.  `cd /u1/krb5-1.2/src'

  2.  `./configure'

  3.  `make'

That's it!


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Building with Separate Build Directories,  Next: Building using lndir,  Prev: Building Within a Single Tree,  Up: Doing the Build

Building with Separate Build Directories
----------------------------------------

If you wish to keep separate build directories for each platform, you
can do so using the following procedure.  (Note, this requires that your
`make' program support `VPATH'.  GNU's make will provide this
functionality, for example.)  If your `make' program does not support
this, see the next section.

For example, if you wish to create a build directory for `pmax' binaries
you might use the following procedure:

  1. `mkdir /u1/krb5-1.2/pmax'

  2.  `cd /u1/krb5-1.2/pmax'

  3.  `../src/configure'

  4.  `make'


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Building using lndir,  Prev: Building with Separate Build Directories,  Up: Doing the Build

Building Using `lndir'
----------------------

If you wish to keep separate build directories for each platform, and
you do not have access to a `make' program which supports `VPATH', all
is not lost.  You can use the `lndir' program to create symbolic link
trees in your build directory.

For example, if you wish to create a build directory for solaris
binaries you might use the following procedure:

  1.  `mkdir /u1/krb5-1.2/solaris'

  2.  `cd /u1/krb5-1.2/solaris'

  3.  `/u1/krb5-1.2/src/util/lndir `pwd`/../src'

  4.  `./configure'

  5.  `make'

You must give an absolute pathname to `lndir' because it has a bug that
makes it fail for relative pathnames. Note that this version differs
from the latest version as distributed and installed by the XConsortium
with X11R6. Either version should be acceptable.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Testing the Build,  Next: Options to Configure,  Prev: Doing the Build,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

Testing the Build
=================

The Kerberos V5 distribution comes with built-in regression tests.  To
run them, simply type the following command while in the top-level build
directory (i.e., the directory where you sent typed `make' to start
building Kerberos; see *Note Doing the Build::.):

     % make check

* Menu:

* The DejaGnu Tests::
* The KADM5 Tests::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: The DejaGnu Tests,  Next: The KADM5 Tests,  Prev: Testing the Build,  Up: Testing the Build

The DejaGnu Tests
-----------------

Some of the built-in regression tests are setup to use the DejaGnu
framework for running tests. These tests tend to be more comprehensive
than the normal built-in tests as they setup test servers and test
client/server activities.

DejaGnu may be found wherever GNU software is archived.

Most of the tests are setup to run as a non-privledged user.  For some
of the krb-root tests to work properly, either (a) the user running the
tests must not have a .k5login file in the home directory or (b) the
.k5login file must contain an entry for `<username>@KRBTEST.COM'.
There are two series of tests (`rlogind' and `telnetd') which require
the ability to `rlogin' as root to the local machine. Admittedly, this
does require the use of a `.rhosts' file or some authenticated means.
(1)

If you cannot obtain root access to your machine, all the other tests
will still run. Note however, with DejaGnu 1.2, the "untested testcases"
will cause the testsuite to exit with a non-zero exit status which
`make' will consider a failure of the testing process. Do not worry
about this, as these tests are the last run when `make check' is
executed from the top level of the build tree.  This problem does not
exist with DejaGnu 1.3.

---------- Footnotes ----------

(1) If you are fortunate enough to have a previous version of Kerberos
V5 or V4 installed, and the Kerberos rlogin is first in your path, you
can setup `.k5login' or `.klogin' respectively to allow you access.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: The KADM5 Tests,  Prev: The DejaGnu Tests,  Up: Testing the Build

The KADM5 Tests
---------------

Regression tests for the KADM5 system, including the GSS-RPC, KADM5
client and server libraries, and kpasswd, are also included in this
release.  Each set of KADM5 tests is contained in a sub-directory called
`unit-test' directly below the system being tested.  For example,
lib/rpc/unit-test contains the tests for GSS-RPC.  The tests are all
based on DejaGnu (but they are not actually called part of "The DejaGnu
tests," whose naming predates the inclusion of the KADM5 system).  In
addition, they require the Tool Command Language (TCL) header files and
libraries to be available during compilation and some of the tests also
require Perl in order to operate.  If all of these resources are not
available during configuration, the KADM5 tests will not run.  The TCL
installation directory can be specified with the `--with-tcl' configure
option.  (See *Note Options to Configure::.)  The runtest and perl
programs must be in the current execution path.

If you install DejaGnu, TCL, or Perl after configuring and building
Kerberos and then want to run the KADM5 tests, you will need to
re-configure the tree and run `make' at the top level again to make
sure all the proper programs are built.  To save time, you actually only
need to reconfigure and build in the directories src/kadmin/testing,
src/lib/rpc, src/lib/kadm5.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Options to Configure,  Next: osconf.h,  Prev: Testing the Build,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

Options to Configure
====================

There are a number of options to `configure' which you can use to
control how the Kerberos distribution is built.  The following table
lists the most commonly used options to Kerberos V5's `configure'
program.

`--help'
     Provides help to configure. This will list the set of commonly used
     options for building Kerberos.

`--prefix=PREFIX'
     By default, Kerberos will install the package's files rooted at
     `/usr/local' as in `/usr/local/bin', `/usr/local/sbin', etc. If you
     desire a different location, use this option.

`--exec-prefix=EXECPREFIX'
     This option allows one to separate the architecture independent
     programs from the configuration files and manual pages.

`--localstatedir=LOCALSTATEDIR'
     This option sets the directory for locally modifiable
     single-machine data.  In Kerberos, this mostly is useful for
     setting a location for the KDC data files, as they will be
     installed in `LOCALSTATEDIR/krb5kdc', which is by default
     `PREFIX/var/krb5kdc'.

`--with-cc=COMPILER'
     Use `COMPILER' as the C compiler.

`--with-ccopts=FLAGS'
     Use `FLAGS' as the default set of C compiler flags.

     Note that if you use the native Ultrix compiler on a DECstation
     you are likely to lose if you pass no flags to cc; md4.c takes an
     estimated 3,469 billion years to compile if you provide neither
     the `-g' flag nor the `-O' flag to `cc'.

`--with-cppopts=CPPOPTS'
     Use `CPPOPTS' as the default set of C preprocessor flags.  The most
     common use of this option is to select certain `#define''s for use
     with the operating system's include files.

`--with-linker=LINKER'
     Use `LINKER' as the default loader if it should be different from C
     compiler as specified above.

`--with-ldopts=LDOPTS'
     This option allows one to specify optional arguments to be passed
     to the linker. This might be used to specify optional library
     paths.

`--with-krb4'
     This option enables Kerberos V4 backwards compatibility using the
     builtin Kerberos V4 library.

`--with-krb4=KRB4DIR'
     This option enables Kerberos V4 backwards compatibility using a
     pre-existing Kerberos V4 installation.  The directory specified by
     `KRB4DIR' specifies where the V4 header files should be found
     (`KRB4DIR/include') as well as where the V4 Kerberos library should
     be found (`KRB4DIR/lib').

`--without-krb4'
     Disables Kerberos V4 backwards compatibility. This prevents
     Kerberos V4 clients from using the V5 services including the KDC.
     This would be useful if you know you will never install or need to
     interact with V4 clients.

`--with-netlib[=libs]'
     Allows for suppression of or replacement of network libraries. By
     default, Kerberos V5 configuration will look for `-lnsl' and
     `-lsocket'. If your operating system has a broken resolver library
     (see *Note Solaris versions 2.0 through 2.3::) or fails to pass
     the tests in `src/tests/resolv' you will need to use this option.

`--with-vague-errors'
     If enabled, gives vague and unhelpful error messages to the
     client... er, attacker.  (Needed to meet silly government
     regulations; most other sites will want to keep this undefined.)

`--with-kdc-kdb-update'
     Set this option if you want to allow the KDC to modify the Kerberos
     database; this allows the last request information to be updated,
     as well as the failure count information.  Note that this doesn't
     work if you're using slave servers!!!  It also causes the database
     to be modified (and thus needing to be locked) frequently. Please
     note that the implementors do not regularly test this feature.

`--with-tcl=TCLPATH'
     Some of the unit-tests in the build tree rely upon using a program
     in Tcl. The directory specified by `TCLPATH' specifies where the
     Tcl header file (`TCLPATH/include/tcl.h' as well as where the Tcl
     library should be found (`TCLPATH/lib').

`--enable-shared'
     This option will turn on the building and use of shared library
     objects in the Kerberos build. This option is only supported on
     certain platforms.

`--enable-dns'

`--enable-dns-for-kdc'

`--enable-dns-for-realm'
     Enable the use of DNS to look up a host's Kerberos realm, or a
     realm's KDCs, if the information is not provided in krb5.conf.  See
     *Note Hostnames for the Master and Slave KDCs::, and *Note Mapping
     Hostnames onto Kerberos Realms::.  By default, DNS lookups are
     enabled for the latter but not for the former.

`--enable-kdc-replay-cache'
     Enable a cache in the KDC to detect retransmitted messages, and
     resend the previous responses to them.  This protects against
     certain types of attempts to extract information from the KDC
     through some of the hardware preauthentication systems.

For example, in order to configure Kerberos on a Solaris machine using
the `suncc' compiler with the optimizer turned on, run the configure
script with the following options:

     % ./configure --with-cc=suncc --with-ccopts=-O


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: osconf.h,  Next: Shared Library Support,  Prev: Options to Configure,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

`osconf.h'
==========

There is one configuration file which you may wish to edit to control
various compile-time parameters in the Kerberos distribution:
`include/krb5/stock/osconf.h'. The list that follows is by no means
complete, just some of the more interesting variables.

Please note: The former configuration file `config.h' no longer exists
as its functionality has been merged into the auto-configuration
process. *Note Options to Configure::.

`DEFAULT_PROFILE_PATH'
     The pathname to the file which contains the profiles for the known
     realms, their KDCs, etc.

     The profile file format is no longer the same format as Kerberos
     V4's `krb.conf' file.

`DEFAULT_KEYTAB_NAME'
     The type and pathname to the default server keytab file (the
     equivalent of Kerberos V4's `/etc/srvtab').

`DEFAULT_KDC_ENCTYPE'
     The default encryption type for the KDC.

`KDCRCACHE'
     The name of the replay cache used by the KDC.

`RCTMPDIR'
     The directory which stores replay caches.

`DEFAULT_KDB_FILE'
     The location of the default database


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Shared Library Support,  Next: OS Incompatibilities,  Prev: osconf.h,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

Shared Library Support
======================

Shared library support is provided for a few operating systems. There
are restrictions as to which compiler to use when using shared
libraries. In all cases, executables linked with the shared libraries in
this build process will have built in the location of the libraries,
therefore obliterating the need for special LD_LIBRARY_PATH, et al
environment variables when using the programs. Except where noted,
multiple versions of the libraries may be installed on the same system
and continue to work.

Currently the supported platforms are Solaris 2.6 (aka SunOS 5.6) and
Irix 6.5.

Shared library support has been tested on the following platforms but
not exhaustively (they have been built but not necessarily tested in an
installed state): Tru64 (aka Alpha OSF/1 or Digital Unix) 4.0, NetBSD
1.4.x (i386), and HP/UX 10.20.

Platforms for which there is shared library support but not significant
testing include FreeBSD, OpenBSD, MacOS 10, AIX, Linux, and SunOS 4.x.

To enable shared libraries on the above platforms, run the configure
script with the option `--enable-shared'.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: OS Incompatibilities,  Next: Using Autoconf,  Prev: Shared Library Support,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

Operating System Incompatibilities
==================================

This section details operating system incompatibilities with Kerberos V5
which have been reported to the developers at MIT.  If you find
additional incompatibilities, and/or discover work arounds to such
problems, please send a report via the `krb5-send-pr' program.  Thanks!

* Menu:

* AIX::
* Alpha OSF/1 V1.3::
* Alpha OSF/1 (Digital Unix) V2.0++::
* BSDI::
* HPUX::
* Solaris versions 2.0 through 2.3::
* Solaris 2.X::
* SGI Irix 5.X::
* Ultrix 4.2/3::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: AIX,  Next: Alpha OSF/1 V1.3,  Prev: OS Incompatibilities,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

AIX
---

The AIX 3.2.5 linker dumps core trying to build a shared `libkrb5.a'
produced with the GNU C compiler.  The native AIX compiler works fine.
This problem is fixed using the AIX 4.1 linker.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Alpha OSF/1 V1.3,  Next: Alpha OSF/1 (Digital Unix) V2.0++,  Prev: AIX,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

Alpha OSF/1 V1.3
----------------

Using the native compiler, compiling with the `-O' compiler flag causes
the `asn.1' library to be compiled incorrectly.

Using GCC version 2.6.3 or later instead of the native compiler will
also work fine, both with or without optimization.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Alpha OSF/1 (Digital Unix) V2.0++,  Next: BSDI,  Prev: Alpha OSF/1 V1.3,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

Alpha OSF/1 V2.0++
------------------

There used to be a bug when using the native compiler in compiling
`md4.c' when compiled without either the `-O' or `-g' compiler options.
We have changed the code and there is no problem under V2.1, but we do
not have access to V2.0 to test and see if the problem would exist
there. (We welcome feedback on this issue). There was never a problem
in using GCC version 2.6.3.

In version 3.2 and beyond of the operating system, we have not seen any
problems with the native compiler.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: BSDI,  Next: HPUX,  Prev: Alpha OSF/1 (Digital Unix) V2.0++,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

BSDI
----

BSDI versions 1.0 and 1.1 reportedly has a bad `sed' which causes it to
go into an infinite loop during the build.  The work around is to use a
`sed' from somewhere else, such as GNU.  (This may be true for some
versions of other systems derived from BSD 4.4, such as NetBSD and
FreeBSD.)


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: HPUX,  Next: Solaris versions 2.0 through 2.3,  Prev: BSDI,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

HPUX
----

The native (bundled) compiler for HPUX currently will not work, because
it is not a full ANSI C compiler.  The optional compiler (c89) should
work as long as you give it the `-D_HPUX_SOURCE' flag (i.e.
`./configure --with-cc='c89 -D_HPUX_SOURCE'').  This has only been
tested recently for HPUX 10.20.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Solaris versions 2.0 through 2.3,  Next: Solaris 2.X,  Prev: HPUX,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

Solaris versions 2.0 through 2.3
--------------------------------

The `gethostbyname()' routine is broken; it does not return a fully
qualified domain name, even if you are using the Domain Name Service
routines.  Since Kerberos V5 uses the fully qualified domain name as the
second component of a service principal (i.e,
`host/tsx-11.mit.edu@ATHENA.MIT.EDU'), this causes problems for servers
who try to figure out their own fully qualified domain name.

Workarounds:

  1.    Supply your own resolver library. (such as bind-4.9.3pl1
     available from ftp.vix.com)

  2.    Upgrade to Solaris 2.4

  3.    Make sure your /etc/nsswitch.conf has `files' before `dns' like:

          hosts:      files dns

     and then in /etc/hosts, make sure there is a line with your
     workstation's IP address and hostname, with the fully qualified
     domain name first.  Example:

          18.172.1.4      dcl.mit.edu dcl

     Note that making this change may cause other programs in your
     environment to break or behave differently.



File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Solaris 2.X,  Next: SGI Irix 5.X,  Prev: Solaris versions 2.0 through 2.3,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

Solaris 2.X
-----------

You must compile Kerberos V5 without the UCB compatibility libraries.
This means that `/usr/ucblib' must not be in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH
environment variable when you compile it.  Alternatively you can use
the `-i' option to `cc', by using the specifying `--with-ccopts=-i'
option to `configure'.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: SGI Irix 5.X,  Next: Ultrix 4.2/3,  Prev: Solaris 2.X,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

SGI Irix 5.X
------------

If you are building in a tree separate from the source tree, the vendors
version of make does not work properly with regards to `VPATH'. It also
has problems with standard inference rules in 5.2 (not tested yet in
5.3) so one needs to use GNU's make.

Under 5.2, there is a bug in the optional System V `-lsocket' library
in which the routine `gethostbyname()' is broken. The system supplied
version in `-lc' appears to work though so one may simply specify
`--with-netlib' option to `configure'.

In 5.3, `gethostbyname()' is no longer present in `-lsocket' and is no
longer an issue.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Ultrix 4.2/3,  Prev: SGI Irix 5.X,  Up: OS Incompatibilities

Ultrix 4.2/3
------------

The DEC MIPS platform currently will not support the native compiler,
since the Ultrix compiler is not a full ANSI C compiler.  You should use
GCC instead.


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Using Autoconf,  Prev: OS Incompatibilities,  Up: Building Kerberos V5

Using `Autoconf'
================

(If you are not a developer, you can skip this section.)

In most of the Kerberos V5 source directories, there is a `configure'
script which automatically determines the compilation environment and
creates the proper Makefiles for a particular platform.  These
`configure' files are generated using `autoconf' version 2.4, which can
be found in the `src/util/autoconf' directory in the distribution.

Normal users will not need to worry about running `autoconf'; the
distribution comes with the `configure' files already prebuilt.
Developers who wish to modify the `configure.in' files should see *Note
Overview: (autoconf)Top.

Note that in order to run `autoconf', you must have GNU `m4' in your
path.  Before you use the `autoconf' in the Kerberos V5 source tree,
you may also need to run `configure', and then run `make' in the
`src/util/autoconf' directory in order to properly set up `autoconf'.

One tool which is provided for the convenience of developers can be
found in `src/util/reconf'.  This program should be run while the
current directory is the top source directory.  It will automatically
rebuild any `configure' files which need rebuilding.  If you know that
you have made a change that will require that all the `configure' files
need to be rebuilt from scratch, specify the `--force' option:

     % cd /u1/krb5-1.2/src
     % ./util/reconf --force

The developmental sources are a raw source tree (before it's been
packaged for public release), without the pre-built `configure' files.
In order to build from such a source tree, you must do:

     % cd krb5/util/autoconf
     % ./configure
     % make
     % cd ../..
     % util/reconf

Then follow the instructions for building packaged source trees (above).
To install the binaries into a binary tree, do:

     % cd /u1/krb5-1.2/src
     % make all
     % make install DESTDIR=somewhere-else


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Installing Kerberos V5,  Next: Upgrading Existing Kerberos V5 Installations,  Prev: Building Kerberos V5,  Up: Top

Installing Kerberos V5
**********************

The sections of this chapter describe procedures for installing
Kerberos V5 on:

  1. The KDCs

  2. UNIX client machines

  3. UNIX Application Servers

* Menu:

* Installing KDCs::
* Installing and Configuring UNIX Client Machines::
* UNIX Application Servers::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Installing KDCs,  Next: Installing and Configuring UNIX Client Machines,  Prev: Installing Kerberos V5,  Up: Installing Kerberos V5

Installing KDCs
===============

The Key Distribution Centers (KDCs) issue Kerberos tickets.  Each KDC
contains a copy of the Kerberos database.  The master KDC contains the
master copy of the database, which it propagates to the slave KDCs at
regular intervals.  All database changes (such as password changes) are
made on the master KDC.

Slave KDCs provide Kerberos ticket-granting services, but not database
administration.  This allows clients to continue to obtain tickets when
the master KDC is unavailable.

MIT recommends that you install all of your KDCs to be able to function
as either the master or one of the slaves.  This will enable you to
easily switch your master KDC with one of the slaves if necessary.
(*Note Switching Master and Slave KDCs::.)  This installation procedure
is based on that recommendation.

* Menu:

* Install the Master KDC::
* Install the Slave KDCs::
* Back on the Master KDC::
* Finish Installing the Slave KDCs::
* Add Kerberos Principals to the Database::
* Limit Access to the KDCs::
* Switching Master and Slave KDCs::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Install the Master KDC,  Next: Install the Slave KDCs,  Prev: Installing KDCs,  Up: Installing KDCs

Install the Master KDC
----------------------

This installation procedure will require you to go back and forth a
couple of times between the master KDC and each of the slave KDCs.  The
first few steps must be done on the master KDC.

* Menu:

* Edit the Configuration Files::
* Create the Database::
* Add Administrators to the Acl File::
* Add Administrators to the Kerberos Database::
* Create a kadmind Keytab::
* Start the Kerberos Daemons::


File: krb5-install.info,  Node: Edit the Configuration Files,  Next: Create the Database,  Prev: Install the Master KDC,  Up: Install the Master KDC

Edit the Configuration Files
............................

Modify the configuration files, `/etc/krb5.conf' (*note krb5.conf::.)
and `/usr/local/var/krb5kdc/kdc.conf' (*note kdc.conf::.) to reflect
the correct information (such as the hostnames and realm name) for your
realm.  MIT recommends that you keep `krb5.conf' in `/etc'.

Among the settings in your `/etc/krb5.conf' file, be sure to create a
`[logging]' stanza so that the KDC and kadmind will generate logging
output.  For example:

     [logging]
         kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
         admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmin.log
         default = FILE:/var/log/krb5lib.log

