Authentic Personal message at 11:13:34 on Wed Jun 12 1991 From: Richard Duffy on MADMAN.MIT.EDU To: mosquito@ATHENA.MIT.EDU Hello. Thanks again for giving us access to the saddle-stapler. At some point you were talking about mathematical patterns that take quite a long time before they break down. Here's a really bizarre example that anyone (like a high-school student) could comprehend: Consider sequences defined by s(1) = a; s(2) = b; s(n) = least integer such that s(n)/s(n-1) > s(n-1)/s(n-2). In other words, s(n) = 1+floor(s(n-1)^2/s(n-2)) for n >= 3. These sequences are similar in some ways to the classically-studied Pisot sequences. For example, if a = 1, b = 2, then we get the odd-indexed Fibonacci numbers. If we let a = 8, b = 55 in the definition above, then the resulting sequence s(n) appears to satisfy the following linear recurrence of order 4: s(n) = 6s(n-1) + 7s(n-2) - 5s(n-3) - 6s(n-4) Indeed, it does satisfy this linear recurrence for the first 11,056 terms. However, it fails at the 11,057th term! And s(11057) is a 9270 digit number. I read this on sci.math, and decided to verify it for myself. I started a "dc" program going to calculate the terms, and it was pretty fast for a while, but starting getting too slow. So I decided to let a Scheme computation do it -- its bignum routines are really very impressive -- and after running for 3 days it finished. The result is true. Authentic Personal message at 11:16:24 on Wed Jun 12 1991 From: Richard Duffy on MADMAN.MIT.EDU To: mosquito@ATHENA.MIT.EDU And at n=11057 the recurrence is only off by 1. Really strange. athena% zwrite zeno Type your message now. End with control-D or a dot on a line by itself. Does it diverge from that or does it stick close to the formula except for some flukes? . Authentic Personal message at 11:18:47 on Wed Jun 12 1991 From: Richard Duffy on MADMAN.MIT.EDU To: mosquito@ATHENA.MIT.EDU I didn't check, but I think it gets steadily worse with n. The poster claimed: The reason for this coincidence depends on a remarkable fact about the absolute values of the roots of the polynomial x^4 - 6x^3 - 7x^2 + 5x + 6. But I never asked him about it. Authentic Personal message at 11:46:15 on Wed Jun 12 1991 From: Richard Duffy on MADMAN.MIT.EDU To: mosquito@ATHENA.MIT.EDU Right. If you should want the exact terms for n=11053-11057, I still have them.