![[US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database]](/netaicon/PTO/patfthdr.gif)
| United States Patent |
5,473,636
|
|
Rokugawa
|
December 5, 1995
|
Data discriminating circuit and an optical receiver using the same
Abstract
A data discriminating circuit which discriminates a signal, particularly, a
data discriminating circuit which can perform data discrimination with the
proper phase relation settled between data and a clock with a simple
circuit structure. The data discriminating circuit comprises a clock
distributor for generating first and second clock signals having different
phases, first and second data discriminating/judging sections for
respectively receiving the first and second clock signals and commonly
receiving data, and a discriminated-data selecting section, which receives
first discriminated data discriminated with the first clock signal, a
discrimination/judgment result based on the phase relation between the
first discriminated data and the first clock signal, second discriminated
data discriminated with the second clock signal, and a
discrimination/judgment result based on the phase relation between the
second discriminated data and the second clock signal, and selectively
outputs the first or second discriminated data based on both
discrimination/judgment results.
| Inventors:
|
Rokugawa; Hiroyuki (Kawasaki, JP)
|
| Assignee:
|
Fujitsu Limited (Kawasaki, JP)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
135548 |
| Filed:
|
October 14, 1993 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Current U.S. Class: |
375/324; 375/340; 398/155; 398/202 |
| Intern'l Class: |
H04L 027/14 |
| Field of Search: |
375/324,80,94,340,97
359/175,189,133,152,155
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Coles, Sr.; Edward L.
Assistant Examiner: Nguyen; Madeleine Au
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Staas & Halsey
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A data discriminating circuit for discriminating digital data signals
comprising:
a data input section for inputting a digital data signal;
a clock distributor section for outputting first and second clock signals
having different phases from each other;
a first data discriminating/judging section for receiving the first clock
signal from the clock distributor section and the input digital data
signal from the data input section and providing a first discriminated
digital data signal and a first result of discriminating the input digital
data signal with the first clock signal;
a second data discriminating/judging section for receiving the second clock
signal from the clock distributor section and the input digital data
signal from the data input section and providing a second discriminated
digital data signal and a second result of discriminating the input
digital data signal with the first clock signal; and
a discriminated-data selecting section for receiving the first and second
results of discriminating the input digital data signal respectively from
the first and second data discriminating/judging sections and selectively
outputting the first discriminated digital data signal or the second
discriminated digital data signal based on the first and second results of
discriminating the input digital data signal.
2. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of
the first and second data discriminating/judging sections includes:
a data discriminating section for discriminating an input digital data
signal from the data input section with a clock signal supplied from the
clock distributor section;
a data/clock phase-relation detecting and judging section for detecting and
judging a phase relation between the input digital data signal and the
clock signal, based on the data signal discriminated by the data
discriminating section and the input digital data signal supplied from the
data input section and for providing a detected and judged phase relation;
and
a phase-relation result processing section for producing a select control
signal to control a selection of the first and second discriminated
digital data signals in the discriminated-data selecting section from the
detected and judged phase relation output from the data/clock
phase-relation detecting and judging section and the input digital data
signal.
3. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 2, wherein the
data/clock phase-relation detecting and judging section has a data/clock
phase-relation detecting section and first and second data/clock
phase-relation judging sections, and the data/clock phase-relation
detecting section produces a pulse having a pulse width corresponding to a
phase difference between the digital data signal discriminated by the data
discriminating section and the input gigital data signal, whereby based on
a result of judgment of the phase relation between the input digital data
signal and the clock signal from the pulse width in the first data/clock
phase-relation judging section, a clock signal to be input to the second
data/clock phase-relation judging section is controlled.
4. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the data
discriminating section and the first and second data/clock phase-relation
judging sections are each comprised a D-FF (flip-flop);
the phase-relation result processing section includes an inverter for
inverting input digital data signal, an EXOR gate to which outputs of the
first and second data/clock phase-relation judging sections are input, and
a D-FF having a D input terminal supplied with an output of the EXOR gate
and a C input terminal supplied with an output of the inverter; and the
discriminated-data selecting section has a multiplexer or a selector to
which outputs of the first and second data discriminating/judging sections
are input, and an RS-FF having an S input terminal supplied with the
output of the first data discriminating/judging section, an R input
terminal supplied with the output of the second data
discriminating/judging section, whereby the multiplexer or selector is
controlled by an output of the RS-FF to selectively output the output of
the first data discriminating/judging section or the output of the second
data discriminating/judging section.
5. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the clock
distributor section at least has one input buffer supplied with a clock
signal from a clock input section, and an inverter; and
clock signals in mutually inverted states are respectively input to the
data discriminating section and the first data/clock phase-relation
judging section of each of the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections.
6. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the clock
distributor section at least has one input buffer supplied with a clock
signal from a clock input section, a first clock buffer, delay means and a
second clock buffer associated with a delayed clock signal output from the
delay means; and
clock signals respectively input to the data discriminating section and the
first data/clock phase-relation judging section of each of the first and
second data discriminating/judging sections have a phase difference
corresponding to a delay time in the delay mans.
7. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 6, wherein the delay
means comprises a semiconductor gate element, or a delay element having a
fixed or variable delay amount.
8. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the clock
distributor at least has one input buffer supplied with a clock signal
from a clock input section, a first clock buffer, delay means, a second
clock buffer associated with a delayed clock signal output from the delay
means and an inverter;
clock signals respectively input to the data discriminating section and the
first data/clock phase-relation judging section of each of the first and
second data discriminating/judging sections have a phase difference
corresponding to a delay time in the delay means; and
clock signals in mutually inverted states are respectively input to the
data discriminating section and the first data/clock phase-relation
judging section of each of the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections.
9. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the
data/clock phase-relation detecting section comprises an inverter and an
EXOR gate having one input terminal supplied with input data from the data
input section via the inverter and an other input terminal supplied with
an inverted output of the discriminated data from the data discriminating
section.
10. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the
data/clock phase-relation detecting section comprises a NOR gate having
one input terminal supplied with input data directly from the data input
section and an other input terminal supplied with an inverted output of
the discriminated data from the data discriminating section.
11. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the
data/clock phase-relation detecting section comprises an inverter and an
AND gate having one input terminal supplied with input data from the data
input section via the inverter and an other input terminal supplied with a
non-inverted output of the discriminated data from the data discriminating
section.
12. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 3, wherein the
data/clock phase-relation detecting section comprises an AND gate having
one input terminal supplied with input data directly from the data input
section and an other input terminal supplied with a non-inverted output of
the discriminated data from the data discriminating section.
13. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 2, wherein the first
and second clock signals have a phase difference of a half of a time slot
with respect to at least a highest bit rate of the digital data signals to
be discriminated.
14. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 13, wherein a clock
signal of a first phase to be input to the data discriminating section in
each of the first and second data discriminating/judging sections and a
clock signal of a second phase to be input to a first D-FF in the
data/clock phase-relation detecting and judging section each have a phase
difference of a half a time slot with respect to at least a highest bit
rate of the digital data signals to be discriminated, and two types of
clock signals of a third phase to be input to a second D-FF in the
data/clock phase-relation detecting and judging section each have a phase
difference of a half a time slot with respect to at least the highest bit
rate of the digital data signals to be discriminated; and
each of the first and second data discriminating/judging sections has a
clock phase controller for selectively outputting one of the two types of
clock signals of the third phase in accordance with a discrimination
result from the first D-FF.
15. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 14, wherein in each
of the first and second data discriminating/judging sections, the clock
signals to be respectively input to the first D-FF and the second D-FF are
set to each have a phase difference of 1/4 of a time slot with respect to
the highest bit rate of the digital data signals to be discriminated, and
the clock phase controller performs control in such a way that the phase
of the clock signal to be input to the second D-FF leads or lags by 1/4 of
the time slot in accordance with the discrimination result from the first
D-FF.
16. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 14, wherein the
clock phase controllers of the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections respectively include a common buffer
supplied with a clock signal from a clock input section, first and second
delay means supplied with an output of the buffer, and first and second
EXOR gates having first input terminals respectively supplied with outputs
of the first and second delay means and other input terminals respectively
supplied with judgment results from the first data/clock phase-relation
judging sections.
17. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 16, wherein the
delay means comprises a semiconductor gate element, or a delay element
having a fixed or variable delay amount.
18. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 14, wherein the
clock phase controllers of the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections respectively include a common buffer
supplied with a clock signal from a clock input section, common delay
means supplied with an output of the buffer, an inverter supplied with an
output of the delay means, and first and second EXOR gates having first
input terminals respectively supplied with an output of the inverter and
the output of the delay means and other input terminals respectively
supplied with judgment results from the first data/clock phase-relation
judging sections.
19. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 14, wherein the
clock phase controllers of the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections respectively include a common buffer
supplied with a clock signal from a clock input section, first and second
delay means supplied with an output of the buffer, first and second clock
buffers respectively supplied with outputs of the first and second delay
means, and first and second multiplexers or selectors each supplied with
outputs of the first and second clock buffers and respectively supplied
with judgment results from the first data/clock phase-relation judging
sections, whereby each of the first and second multiplexers or selectors
selectively outputs one of the outputs of the first and second clock
buffers in accordance with the associated judgment result.
20. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 14, wherein the
data/clock phase-relation detecting section comprises an EXOR gate having
one input terminal supplied with input data from the data input section
and an other input terminal supplied with an inverted output of the
discriminated data from the data discriminating section, and an inverted
output of the clock phase controller is input to the first data/clock
phase-relation judging section.
21. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 2, wherein the
discriminated data selecting section has a synchronization protection
circuit for receiving an output from the phase-relation result processing
section.
22. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 21, wherein the
synchronization protection circuit has a counter, and the
discriminated-data selecting section selectively outputs the discriminated
data from the first or second data discriminating/judging section when the
counter counts the output of the phase-relation result processing section
at least a predetermined number of times.
23. The data discriminating circuit according to claim 1, wherein the first
and second clock signals have a phase difference of a half of a time slot
with respect to at least a highest bit rate of the digital data signals to
be discriminated.
24. An optical receiver comprising:
an optical signal receiving section;
an equalizer/amplifier for amplifying a photoelectrically converted
electric signal from the optical signal receiving section to a
predetermined level;
a timing extractor for providing a timing clock signal; and
a data discriminating circuit having a data input section for receiving an
output of the equalizer/amplifier as an input digital data signal; a clock
distributor section for receiving the timing clock signal output of the
timing extractor and outputting first and second clock signals having
different phases from each other; a first data discriminating/judging
section for receiving the first clock signal from the clock distributor
section and the input digital data signal from the data input section and
providing a first discriminated digital data signal and a first result of
discriminating the input digital data signal with the first clock signal;
a second data discriminating/judging section for receiving the second
clock signal from the clock distributor section and the input digital data
signal from the data input section and providing a second discriminated
digital data signal and a second result of discriminating the input
digital data signal with the first clock signal; and a discriminated data
selecting signal for receiving the first and second results of
discriminating the input digital data signal respectively from the first
and second data discriminating/judging sections and selectively outputting
the first discriminated digital data signal or the second discriminated
digital data signal based on the first and second results of
discriminating the input digital data signal.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a data discriminating circuit, which
performs signal discrimination in a receiver of a digital signal
transmission system, and an optical receiver using the data discriminating
circuit.
2. Description of the Related Art
Due to the development of the optical communication technology, attention
is paid to a so-called fiber to the home (FTTH) or the like and study has
been made on this system. This FTTH system implements optical transmission
technology to lay optical fibers in subscriber systems as well as the
trunk line system to thereby ensure wide-band information transmission of
dynamic images or the like. An important factor in implementing optical
transmission technology in a subscriber system is that the implementation
should be accomplished at a low cost. It is therefore necessary to design
the structures of the transmitter and receiver considerably simpler than
those used in the trunk line system, thus making the adjusting components
as few as possible.
In the receiving section, particularly, it is necessary to properly adjust
the timing relation (phase relation) between data and a discrimination
clock in the data discriminating circuit which converts an optical signal,
sent over an optical fiber, into an electric signal and then discriminates
digital "1" or "0."
It is also important to simplify this circuit portion by LSI or the like to
thereby eliminate the need for separate adjustments as much as possible.
Even in designing the circuit into LSI, the structure should be made as
simple as possible to meet some requirements for the implementation of the
data discriminating circuit in the subscriber system, such as reduction of
consumed power and reduction of the circuit scale.
FIG. 16(a) illustrates the structure of a conventional optical receiver
serving as an optical repeater that executes data transmission between
terminal devices in the trunk line system. In the conventional optical
receiver, an optical signal transmitted over an optical fiber 20 is
photoelectrically converted into an electric signal by a light-receiving
element 21. This electric signal is amplified to a discriminatable level
by an equalizer/amplifier 22.
At the same time a discrimination clock is extracted from the received
signal by a timing circuit 24, and this clock is input together with the
amplified signal to a discriminating/reproducing circuit 23.
At this time, the phase relation between the amplified signal and the clock
from the timing circuit 24, which are input to the
discriminating/reproducing circuit 23, is not stable due to a variation in
transmission time in the individual circuits or other factors. To keep the
proper phase relation, some kind of adjusting means should be provided to
adjust the phase relation.
In many optical repeaters of the above type, a coaxial cable 25 or the like
is used to connect the timing circuit 24 to the discriminating/reproducing
circuit 23 and the length of the coaxial cable 25 is properly adjusted for
each receiver to thereby provide the desired phase relation.
Due to the recent development and improvement of IC technology, there
appears an optical receiver equipped with a circuit for automatically
adjusting the phase relation. FIG. 16(b) exemplifies such an automatic
phase adjusting circuit (which has been proposed by Peter Cochrane et al.
in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. SAC-4, No. 9,
Dec. 1986).
In the circuit shown in FIG. 16(b), a signal before discrimination and a
signal after discrimination are respectively input to S-R latches 26 and
27. The signal pulses output from those S-R latches are integrated, and
the level of the resultant signal is then compared with a reference level.
The result of the comparison is fed back to a voltage-controlled phase
shifter 28 to keep the phase of the clock at a predetermined value.
If the optimal phase relation changes in the circuit shown in FIG. 16(b)
due to the temperature characteristic of the circuit or the time-dependent
characteristic of the circuit, a constant phase relation can be maintained
by the feedback control unlike in the case where a coaxial cable is used
as shown in FIG. 16(a).
This automatic phase adjusting circuit is designed to perform analog
control on the clock phase to keep the proper phase. This circuit is
complicated and increases the consumed power in many cases. It is
therefore difficult to adapt this circuit to the subscriber system unless
the circuit structure is simplified and the consumed power is reduced.
As described above, the transmission length in the subscriber system is
very short (about 1 to several Km) as compared with that in transmission
between terminal devices. Therefore, the optical level of the input to the
optical receiver can be increased systematically. Accordingly, the data
discriminating circuit can have a large phase margin to secure the desired
characteristic in the received signal. Instead of the aforementioned
analog phase control, therefore, a plurality of clocks having different
phases may be prepared and a clock of a particular phase may be selected
from those clocks to acquire the desired discrimination characteristic.
An example of the structure of such a data discriminating circuit is
disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 233850/1989 and
188050/1989. In the former Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
233850/1989, the same data is discriminated using two types of clocks
having slightly different timings. When the discrimination results differ
from each other, it is considered that the clock phase is not the proper
one and the clock phase is inverted.
In the latter Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 188050/1989, a
clock with a frequency twice the data transmission rate is prepared. When
data is input, a T-FF (flip-flop) is reset at its rising edge to
frequency-divide the double-frequency clock, and the data is discriminated
with a clock having a slight delay from the rising of the data.
In both techniques, the data discriminating circuit itself can be
constituted of a logic circuit, for example, a gate array, thus ensuring
the simplification of the circuit and reducing the cost.
According to the technique disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent
Publication No. 233850/1989, even when data of "0" is erroneously
discriminated as "1" with both types of clocks, either clock is considered
as the proper one. Further, the discrimination result is influenced by the
time difference between the two types of clocks and the time difference
occurring at the time the input data is distributed to two discrimination
sections (D-FF), very delicate timing design is required.
As the technique disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
188050/1989 deals with a double-frequency clock, a clock having a
frequency twice the transmission rate of the transmission system should be
prepared. Therefore, the general structure of the system lacks affinity,
and this system should have a clock multiplication circuit, thus
eventually resulting in the enlargement of the circuit scale.
According to the prior arts, therefore, it is not possible to achieve the
system which reliably and surely performs data discrimination while
properly keeping the phase relation between data and the clock. Such a
system, if accomplished, should suffer the complicated circuit and the
large circuit scale.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a data
discriminating circuit capable of performing data discrimination with the
proper phase relation settled between data and a clock with a relatively
simple circuit structure.
It is another object of this invention to provide an optical receiver which
uses such a data discriminating circuit.
It is a further object of the present invention is to provide a data
discriminating circuit comprising a clock distributor for generating first
and second clock signals having different phases; first and second data
discriminating/judging sections for respectively receiving the first and
second clock signals from the clock distributor and commonly receiving
data from a data input section; and a discriminated-data selecting section
for receiving first discriminated data discriminated with the first clock
signal by the first data discriminating/judging section, a first
discrimination/judgment result produced based on a phase relation between
the first discriminated data and the first clock signal, second
discriminated data discriminated with the second clock signal by the
second data discriminating/judging section, and a second
discrimination/judgment result produced based on a phase relation between
the second discriminated data and the second clock signal, and selectively
outputting the first discriminated data or the second discriminated data
based on the first and second discrimination/judgment results.
It is a still further object of this invention is to provide an optical
receiver comprising an optical signal receiving section; an
equalizer/amplifier for amplifying a photoelectrically converted electric
signal from the optical signal receiving section to a predetermined level;
a timing extractor; and the above-described data discriminating circuit,
an output of the equalizer/amplifier being a data input of the data
discriminating circuit, an output of the timing extractor being a clock
input of the data discriminating circuit.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become readily
apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part
of the specification, illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the
invention, and together with the general description given above and the
detailed description of the preferred embodiments given below, serve to
explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the functional principle of this
invention (part 1);
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the functional principle of this
invention (part 2);
FIG. 4 is a time chart for the operation of this embodiment (part 1);
FIG. 5 is a time chart for the operation of this embodiment (part 2);
FIG. 6 shows the phase relation between a discrimination clock (CLK) and
input data;
FIGS. 7(a) through 7(e) are block diagrams showing different examples of a
data/CLK phase-relation detector;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a clock distributor (part 1);
FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b) are block diagrams modifications of the clock
distributor (part 2);
FIGS. 10(a) and 10(b) are block diagrams showing examples of a clock phase
controller (part 1);
FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a further modification of the clock
phase controller (part 2);
FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing another embodiment using a sync
protection circuit;
FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a modification of the sync protection
circuit;
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a further embodiment of this invention
as applied to an optical receiver;
FIG. 15 is a block diagram exemplifying the structure of a parallel
receiver of this invention; and
FIGS. 16(a) and 16(b) are block diagrams exemplifying the prior art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 illustrates a data discriminating circuit according to a first
embodiment of the present invention. Reference numerals "1" and "2" are
data discriminating/judging sections which preferably have the same
structure. Reference numeral "3" is a discriminated-data selecting section
and "4" is a clock distributor. Reference numeral "5" denotes a data
(DATA) input section, and "6" a clock signal (CLK) input section.
Data input from the data input section 5 is digital data which is acquired
by amplifying an electric signal, converted from an optical signal
received at, for example, the light-receiving section of an optical
receiver (to be described later) to a discriminatable level.
This data is input to the data discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2. The
data discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2 also receive a clock signal
of a predetermined phase produced by the clock distributor 4 based on a
clock signal input from the clock signal input section 6.
The data discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2 discriminate the input
data with the clock signal supplied from the clock distributor 4, and
outputs the discriminated data and a discrimination result produced based
on the phase relation between the discriminated data and the clock signal.
The discriminated-data selecting section 3 receives the discriminated data
and the discrimination results from the data discriminating/judging
sections 1 and 2. Based on the discrimination results, the
discriminated-data selecting section 3 selectively outputs the
discriminated data from the data discriminating/judging section 1 or 2 as
valid data to a discriminated-data outputting section 7.
A description will now be given on the detailed structures of the data
discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2, taking the data
discriminating/judging section 1 as an example. The data
discriminating/judging section 1 has a data discriminating section 10, a
data/clock phase-relation detecting and judging section 11, a
phase-relation judging result processing section 12 and a clock phase
controller 13. The data input from the data input section 5 is input to
the data discriminating section 10. The data discriminating section 10 is
constituted of a delay type flip-flop (D-FF) in the embodiment shown in
FIG. 1, and the data is input to the D terminal of this D-FF. The D-FF 10
receives at its C terminal a clock signal of a first phase from the clock
distributor 4. Accordingly, "1" and "0" levels of the input data are
discriminated with the clock signal of the first phase in the D-FF 10.
The data discriminated by the D-FF 10 is input to the data/clock
phase-relation detecting and judging section 11, which in turns detects
the phase relation between the discriminated data from the data
discriminating section 10 and the input data from the data input section
5. This section 11 further judges whether or not the phase relation
between the input data and the clock signal of the first phase which is
used to discriminate the input data is proper.
The output of the phase-relation detecting and judging section 11 is
processed by the phase-relation judging result processing section 12. This
processing section 12 produces a control signal which allows the
discriminated-data selecting section 3 to output the discriminated data
from the data discriminating/judging section 1 or 2 as valid data to the
discriminated-data outputting section 7 based on the processing result
from this processing section 12.
In FIG. 1, the data discriminating/judging section 2 has the same structure
as the data discriminating/judging section 1. Thus, reference numerals
"13(2)," "111(2)," "10C(2)" and "10D(2)" in the data
discriminating/judging section 2 mean that the associated lines are
connected to where the components corresponding to those denoted by "13",
"111", "10C" and "10D" in the data discriminating/judging section 1 are
located.
FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the functional principle of this
invention for better understanding of the function of the embodiment shown
in FIG. 1. First, the rising phase of a clock signal from the clock
distributor 4 (data being discriminated at this phase) has four possible
typical phase relations with respect to data: the first half of the
period, the second half thereof, the first half portion of the first half
or second half and the second half portion of the first half or second
half.
Due to jittering or the like, data has undiscriminatable periods in the
front and back portions of the data where the level is unsettled and
cannot therefore be undiscriminatable. The shaded portions at the front
and back portions of input data shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 3(a) are the
undiscriminatable periods. When the rising timing (phase) of a clock
signal lies in such an undiscriminatable period, data cannot be
discriminated.
FIG. 2(a) illustrates the case where the rising phase of the clock signal
lies in the unsettled period at the front portion of data, and FIG. 3(a)
illustrates the case where the rising phase of the clock signal lies in
the settled period at the back portion of the data.
In FIG. 2(b), CLK indicates the rising of a clock signal of the first phase
which is to be input to the data discriminating/judging section 1 from the
clock distributor 4, and 1/2TS-CLK of FIG. 2(c) indicates the rising of a
clock signal of the second phase which is to be input to the data
discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2 from the clock distributor 4.
The clock signal CLK of FIG. 2(b) and the clock signal 1/2TS-CLK of FIG.
2(c) have a predetermined phase difference, which is 1/2 of a time slot in
the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Data input to the data
discriminating/judging section is discriminated at the rising phase of the
clock signal CLK of FIG. 2(b). The discriminated data becomes as shown in
FIG. 2(d).
Then, the EXOR operation of the discriminated data of FIG. 2(d) and the
input data of FIG. 2(a) is performed. Based on the operation result, the
phase relation between the input data of FIG. 2(a) and the clock signal
CLK of FIG. 2(b) is detected and a pulse output having a pulse width as
shown in FIG. 2(e) is obtained. The detection result this time is the
phase relation expressed by the pulse width. This will be easily
understood when the pulse output of FIG. 2 (e) is compared with a pulse
output shown in FIG. 3(e) which will be described later.
Then, the pulse in FIG. 2(e), the result of the detection of the phase
relation, is discriminated at the rising of the clock signal 1/2TS-CLK of
FIG. 2(c) of the second phase. The logic level of the discrimination
result is "L" (see A in FIG. 2(f) which means that the rising phase of the
clock signal CLK of FIG. 2 (b) lies in the first half of the input data of
FIG. 2(a).
In this case, the pulse in FIG. 2(e) or the result of the detection of the
phase relation is discriminated again with a clock signal 3/4TS-CLK of
FIG. 2(g) of a third phase, which lags by 1/4 period from the clock signal
1/2TS-CLK of FIG. 2(c) of the second phase. The logic level of the
discrimination result this time also becomes "L" (see B in FIG. 2(h)),
which means that the rising phase of the clock signal CLK of FIG. 2(b)
lies in the first half portion of the first half of the input data of FIG.
2(a) or in an undiscriminatable period.
Therefore, the logic levels of both discrimination results are "L," which
means that the rising phase of the clock CLK of FIG. 2(b) lies in the
front undiscriminatable period of the input data. Any data which is
discriminated with a clock signal having this phase cannot be used.
Clock signals CLK of FIG. 3(b) and 1/2TS-CLK of FIG. 3(c) in FIG. 3 are the
same as those in FIG. 2 which have already been discussed above.
Data input to the data discriminating/judging section is discriminated at
the rising phase of the clock signal CLK of FIG. 3(b). The discriminated
data becomes as shown in FIG. 3(d).
Then, the EXOR operation of the discriminated data of FIG. 3(d) and the
input data of FIG. 3(a) is performed. As a result, a pulse output having a
pulse width as shown in FIG. 3(e) is obtained.
Then, the pulse in FIG. 3(e), the result of the detection of the phase
relation, is discriminated at the rising of the clock signal 1/2TS-CLK of
FIG. 3(c) of the second phase. Unlike in the case of FIG. 2, the logic
level of the discrimination result becomes "H" (see A in FIG. 3(f)). This
means that the rising phase of the clock signal CLK of FIG. 3(b) lies in
the second half of the input data of FIG. 3(a).
In this case, the pulse in FIG. 3(e) or the result of the detection of the
phase relation is discriminated again with a clock signal 1/4TS-CLK of
FIG. 3(g) of a third phase, which leads by 1/4 period from the clock
signal 1/2TS-CLK of FIG. 3(c) of the second phase. The logic level of the
discrimination result this time also becomes "L" (see B in FIG. 3(h)),
which means that the rising phase of the clock signal CLK of FIG. 3(b)
lies in the first half portion of the second half of the input data of
FIG. 3(a).
Unlike in the case of FIG. 2, the logic level of the discrimination result
A is "H" while the logic level of the discrimination result B is "L,"
which means that the rising phase of the clock CLK of FIG. 3(b) lies in
the back discriminatable period of the input data. Any data which is
discriminated with a clock signal having this phase can be used as
correctly-discriminated data.
This embodiment of the present invention which functions based on the
above-described functional principle will now be explained referring again
to FIG. 1 and time charts given in FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 4 illustrates the case where the rising phase of the clock signal of
FIG. 4(b) of the first phase lies in the first half of the discriminatable
regions input data of FIG. 4(a), and FIG. 5 illustrates the case where the
rising phase of that clock signal of FIG. 5(b) lies in the back
undiscriminatable region of the input data of FIG. 5(a). Therefore, there
are four typical rising phase relations between the input data and the
clock signal of the first phase as in the above-described case which has
been described with reference to the functional principle diagrams of
FIGS. 2 and 3.
Returning to FIG. 4, the input data of FIG. 4(a) is input from the data
input section 5 to the data discriminating section 10 of the data
discriminating/judging section 1 and the data discriminating section 10(2)
of the data discriminating/judging section 2.
The phase of the clock signal CLK to be input to the clock distributor 4
from the clock input section 6 is adjusted to be a predetermined phase
before this clock signal CLK is supplied to the individual sections. The
clock signal of the first phase shown in FIG. 4(b) is supplied to the C
terminal of the data discriminating section 10 from the clock distributor
4. A clock signal having a predetermined phase difference from the first
phase of the clock signal shown in FIG. 4(b) is supplied to the C terminal
of the data discriminating section 10(2) of the data
discriminating/judging section 2. In a typical case, the predetermined
phase difference is 1/2 of the time slot TS as will be understood from a
later description given with reference to FIG. 6.
Therefore, a clock signal shown in FIG. 5(b) has a phase lagging by a 1/2
time slot from the first phase of the clock signal shown in FIG. 4(b). In
the following description, it is this clock signal in FIG. 5(b) which is
input to the data discriminating section 10(2).
The data discriminating section 10 discriminates the input data of FIG.
4(a) at the timing of the rising of the clock signal CLK of FIG. 4(b),
providing discriminated data shown in FIG. 4(c). This discriminated data
is supplied to a selector 30 in the discriminated-data selecting section 3
in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. At the same time, the input data of
FIG. 4(a) is input to a data/clock phase-relation detecting section
(hereinafter simply called "phase-relation detector") 110 in the
phase-relation detecting and judging section 11.
There are various possible structures for the phase-relation detector 110.
To output the phase relation as a pulse width, the phase-relation detector
110 can take any of the following specific structures: an inverter 71 and
an EXOR gate 72 (FIG. 7(a )), a NOR gate 73 (FIG. 7(b)), an inverter 74
and an AND gate 75 (FIG. 7(c)), an AND gate 76 (FIG. 7(d)), or an EXOR
gate 77 and an inverter 78 which inverts a clock signal for a D-FF 111
(FIG. 7(e)). Further, the phase-relation detector 110 may be constituted
of an RS-FF (reset and set flip-flop) though not shown.
In the following detailed description of the function of the embodiment
shown in FIG. 1, the phase-relation detector 110 will be explained as
having the structure of FIG. 7(c). In FIG. 7(c), input data (DATA) is
input via the inverter 71 to one input of the AND gate 74, and the Q
output of the data discriminating section 10 is input to the other input
of the AND gate 74. In FIGS. 4 and 5, the logic level of uninverted input
data (a) is shown. Thus, the discriminated data (c) indicates the Q1
output of the data discriminating section 10 whose logic has been
inverted.
Under the above circumstances, the phase-relation detector 110 detects the
phase relation between the input data of FIG. 4(a) and the discriminated
data of FIG. 4(c) and thus the phase relation the input data of FIG. 4(a)
and the clock signal of FIG. 4(b). The detected phase relation is
indicated by a pulse width. In other words, a phase relation pulse is
output as the detection result from the phase-relation detector 110 in
FIG. 4.
As will be understood from the foregoing description given with reference
to FIGS. 2 and 3, the pulse width of the phase relation pulse of FIG. 4(d)
varies in accordance with the rising phase of the clock signal of FIG.
4(b) with respect to the input data of FIG. 4(a).
The phase relation pulse of FIG. 4(d) is input to a D-FF (delay type
flip-flop) 111. A clock signal of the second phase of FIG. 4(e) is input
to the D-FF 111. This clock signal of the second phase of FIG. 4(e) has a
phase difference of a 1/2 time slot with respect to the clock signal of
the first phase (b) in FIGS. 4 and 5.
The phase relation pulse of FIG. 4(d) is discriminated at the rising phase
of the clock signal of the second phase of FIG. 4(e) in the D-FF 111. The
discrimination result is a low-level logic "L" as shown in FIG. 4(f). The
output of the phase-relation detector 110 is input to the D input terminal
of another D-FF 112. The D-FF 112 receives at the C input terminal a clock
signal of the third phase of FIG. 4(g) which has undergone phase control
in the clock phase controller 13.
The clock signal of the third phase of FIG. 4(g) is the clock signal of the
second phase of FIG. 4(e) which has been further delayed by a 1/4 time
slot by the discrimination result from the D-FF 111 or the phase control
signal shown in FIG. 4(f). More specifically, based on the result of the
detection such that the rising phase of the clock signal of FIG. 4(b) lies
in the first half of the input data of FIG. 4(a) when the logic level of
the phase control signal of FIG. 4(f) is "L," the clock signal of the
second phase of FIG. 4(e) is delayed by a 1/4 time slot by the clock phase
controller 13.
Therefore, the D-FF 112 discriminates the phase relation pulse of FIG. 4(d)
at the rising phase of the clock signal of the third phase of FIG. 4(g).
The discrimination result is output as a second phase relation pulse of
FIG. 4(h). The second phase relation pulse of FIG. 4(h) is input together
with the clock phase control signal of FIG. 4(f) from the D-FF 111 to an
EXOR gate 121 of the phase-relation judging result processing section 12.
The EXOR gate 121 performs an EXOR operation on the clock phase control
signal of FIG. 4(f) and the second phase relation pulse of FIG. 4(h),
yielding a logic output as shown in FIG. 4 of FIG. 4(i). This logic output
(i) is input to the D input terminal of a D-FF 122.
Inverted data of FIG. 4(j) which is the input data of FIG. 4(a) inverted by
an inverter 120 is input to the C input terminal of the D-FF 122.
Accordingly, the EXOR logic output of the EXOR gate 121 is discriminated
at the rising phase of the inverted data of FIG. 4(j) or the falling phase
of the input data of FIG. 4(a)).
The discrimination result from the D-FF 122 becomes a discriminated-data
select signal of FIG. 4(k). This signal of FIG. 4(k) is input to the S
input terminal of an RS-FF 31, which is the switching control section of
the discriminated-data selecting section 3. The discriminated-data
selecting section 3 further has the selector 30, constituted of a
multiplexer or the like, which receives the discriminated data of FIG.
4(c) from the first and second data discriminating/judging sections 1 and
2.
One of the discriminated data of FIG. 4(c) input to the selector 30 is
selectively output under the control of the switching controller 31. In
the example shown in FIG. 4, as the phase of the clock signal of FIG. 4(b)
lies in a region where the input data of FIG. 4(a) can properly be
discriminated, the discriminated data of FIG. 4(c) from the first data
discriminating/judging section 1 is output from the selector 30 (see FIG.
4(1)).
FIG. 5 shows an operational time chart for the case where the rising phase
of the clock signal of FIG. 5(b) lies in the back portion of the input
data of FIG. 5(a). In this case, the proper discrimination of the input
data of FIG. 5(a) is not possible as has already been discussed with
reference to FIG. 2.
As described with reference to FIG. 4, the phase relation between the
discriminated data of FIG. 5(c) and the input data of FIG. 5(a) is
detected at the rising phase of the clock signal of FIG. 5(b). This phase
relation is shown by the phase relation pulse of FIG. 5(d). This phase
relation pulse of FIG. 5(d) is further discriminated with the clock signal
of the second phase of FIG. 5(e).
As the rising phase of the clock signal (b) in FIG. 5 differs that in FIG.
4, the clock phase control signal (f) output as a result of the pulse
discrimination with the clock signal of the second phase (e) will have a
positive logic level of "H" unlike in the case of FIG. 4. In this case,
the clock phase controller 13 advances the clock phase by a 1/4 time slot
in response to the clock phase control signal of FIG. 5(f) from the D-FF
111.
The phase relation pulse of FIG. 5(d) is discriminated again with a clock
signal of the third phase of FIG. 5(g) leading by a 1/4 time slot in the
D-FF 112. The discrimination result is the output of FIG. 5(h) of the D-FF
112 which also has a positive logic level of "H." Then, an EXOR output of
FIG. 5(i) resulting from the EXOR operation on the clock phase control
signal of FIG. 5(f) output from the D-FF 111 and the output of FIG. 5(h)
of the D-FF 112, is output from the EXOR gate 121.
The D-FF 122 discriminates this EXOR output of FIG. 5(i) with the data of
FIG. 5(j) which is the input data of FIG. 5(a) inverted. The
discrimination result is discriminated data of FIG. 5(k) which has a logic
level of "L" unlike in the case of FIG. 4.
When the logic level of the discriminated data of FIG. 5(k) is "L," the
discriminated data of FIG. 5(c) is not used and the discriminated-data
selecting section is controlled so as to output the discriminated data of
FIG. 5(b) from the other data discriminating/judging section.
Let us compare the logic levels of the results of the discrimination with
the clock signal of the second phase of FIG. 5(e) and the clock signal
with the third phase of FIG. 5(g) as discussed with reference to FIGS. 2
and 3. A="L" and B="H" in the case of FIG. 4, whereas A="H" and B="H" in
the case of FIG. 5.
When the logic levels of A and B differ from each other, therefore, the
rising phase of the clock signal of FIG. 5(b) has such a phase relation
with respect to the input data of FIG. 5(a) as to allow for correct
discrimination of the input data of FIG. 5(a). When the logic levels of A
and B are both "L" or "H," the rising phase of the clock signal of FIG.
5(b) lies in the front or back undiscriminatable region of the input data
of FIG. 5(a) due to jittering or a setup hold time, thus disabling correct
discrimination of the input data of FIG. 5(a).
In the embodiment of this invention, the phase relation is judged by the
phase-relation judging result processing section 12 having the structure
as shown in FIG. 1, and the discriminated data of FIG. 5(a) from either
the data discriminating/judging section 1 or 2 is output based on the
judgment. By using the aforementioned relation of the logic levels,
therefore, the processing section 12 may take other structures than the
one shown in FIG. 1.
In the foregoing description, no specific description of the phase relation
between the clock signals of the first phase of FIG. 5(b) in the first and
second data discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2 has not been given
except that those clock signals have a phase difference of a 1/2 time slot
in a typical case. This phase relation will therefore be considered
referring to FIG. 6.
With the data discriminating circuit using two data discriminating/judging
sections having the same structure as shown in FIG. 1, the bit rate of the
input data of FIG. 5(a) input to the data discriminating section 10 is
determined by the phase difference between the discrimination clock of
FIG. 5(b) and the input data of FIG. 5(a).
Given that one time slot (clock period) is T, the phase difference of two
clock signals with respect to the input data is .DELTA.tc and the time
length of each undiscriminatable region due to the aforementioned
jittering or setup hold time is tu as shown in FIG. 6, since at least one
of the two clock signals should lie outside the undiscriminatable region,
the following condition should be met.
tu.ltoreq..DELTA.tc and tu.ltoreq.T-.DELTA.tc
From those two equations, the following condition is derived for .DELTA.tc.
tu.ltoreq..DELTA.tc.ltoreq.T-.DELTA.tu
The highest bit rate of the data is determined by the condition that gives
the smallest T. From the following equation, therefore,
2tu.ltoreq..DELTA.tc+tu.ltoreq.T
T becomes the smallest when tu=.DELTA.tc, and is given by two times the
time length of the undiscriminatable region.
If this invention is applied to discrimination of as fast a signal as
possible, on the premise that the length of the undiscriminatable region
is equal to or less than 1/2 of one time slot, the relative phase
difference of the clock signals (b) input to the D-FFs 10 and 10(2), the
data discriminating sections in the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2, with respect to the highest bit
rate of the input data (a) to be discriminated should at least be equal to
or larger than a 1/2 time slot. For instance, to use this invention to
discriminate a 622-Mb/s signal, there should be a phase difference of
1/622 (Mb/s).times.1/2=804 ps.
In FIG. 4, the phase relation between the clock signal of the second phase
of FIG. 4(e), used to discriminate the phase relation pulse of FIG. 4(d)
in the D-FF 111, and the discrimination clock of FIG. 4(b), when viewed as
the relative phase relation with respect to the input data of FIG. 4(a),
becomes a reference for judging if the phase difference (time difference)
between the rising of the discrimination clock of FIG. 4(b) and the
transitional point of the input data of FIG. 4(a) is greater than the
phase relation between the clock signal of FIG. 4(b) and the clock signal
of FIG. 4(e).
Since two data discriminating/judging sections with the same structure as
shown in FIG. 1 function symmetrically, it is proper to set the phase
relation between the clock signal (b) and the clock signal (e), when
viewed as the relative phase relation with respect to the transitional
point of the input data (a), in such a way that there is a phase
difference of a 1/2 time slot with respect to at least the highest bit
rate of the data to be discriminated.
In this case, it is judged from the discrimination with the clock signal
(e) is made first to see if the discrimination clock (b) lies in the first
half or second half of one time slot of the input data (a).
To judge more finely the phase relation in the first half or second half of
the time slot, the phase is altered by the clock phase controller 13 in
accordance with the result of discrimination with the clock signal (e) or
the discrimination result from the D-FF 111 and the phase relation pulse
(d) is discriminated with the clock signal of the third phase (g) in the
D-FF 112.
In this case, if the phase of the clock signal that changes in accordance
with the discrimination result of the D-FF 111, when viewed as the
relative phase relation with respect to the transitional point of the
input data (a), is set in such a way that it has a phase difference of a
1/2 time slot with respect to at least the highest bit rate of the data to
be discriminated, two clock signals with different phases can work
symmetrically, because of the above-described reason.
In the discrimination in the D-FF 111, it is judged if the discrimination
clock of the first phase (b) lies in the first half or second half of one
time slot of the input data (a). Likewise, in the discrimination in the
D-FF 112, the phase relation between the discrimination clock and the
input data in the first half or second half of one time slot of the input
data based on the phase difference, as a reference, between the clock
signal input to the D-FF 111 and the clock signal input to the D-FF 112
with respect to the transitional point of the data.
Thus, if the phase difference between the clock signal (e) input to the
D-FF 111 and the clock signal (g) input to the D-FF 112 with respect to
the transitional point of the data is set to differ by 1/2 of the 1/2 time
slot or a 1/4 time slot with respect to at least the highest bit rate of
the data to be discriminated, two clock signals of different phases can
work symmetrically in the discrimination in the D-FF 112. The designed bit
rate can thus be made highest.
There are various structures for the clock distributor 4 which produces a
plurality of clock signals having a mutually predetermined phase
difference as described above. In FIG. 8, for example, the clock
distributor 4 comprises an input buffer 41 for clock signals, a clock
buffer 42 and an inverter 43.
As signals output from the clock buffer 42 and the inverter 43 have a
mutually inverted phase relation, the two signals are input to the data
discriminating section 10 and the D-FF 111 or the first data/clock
phase-relation judging section in each of the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2, as clock signals (b) mutually
having a phase difference of a 1/2 time slot.
In the structure shown in FIG. 9(a), the inverter 43 is replaced by delay
means 44 whose delay time provides the phase difference between the clock
signals to be input to the data discriminating section 10 or 10(2) and the
D-FF 111 (the first data/clock phase-relation judging section) in each of
the first and second data discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2.
The structure shown in FIG. 9(b) has delay means 44 and inverters 46 and 47
to provided symmetrical drivers for the clock signals to be input to the
data discriminating sections 10 and 10(2) and the D-FFs 111 in the first
and second data discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2. The phase
relation between the clock signals input to the data discriminating
sections 10 and 10(2) is given by the delay means 44, while the phase
relation between the clock signals input to the data discriminating
section 10 and the D-FF 111 as the first data/clock phase-relation judging
section is given by the inverters 46 and 47.
As the delay means 44 shown in FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b), either a logical gate
element, or a fixed or variable delay element (passive element) is to be
used. To accomplish the delay means with a logical gate element, for
example, an OR-NOR gate element in the FUJITSU MB810 series can be used.
The use of this element provided a delay of about 400 ps and is most
suitable for the aforementioned signal bit rate of 622 Mb/s.
The clock phase controller 13 in the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2, which performs phase control on
the clock signal (g) input to the second data/clock phase-relation judging
section 112 based on the result of the judgment in the first
phase-relation judging section 111, may takes the structures shown in
FIGS. 10(a), 10(b) and 11.
In the structure shown in FIG. 10(a), delay means 130 and 130(2) are used
to permit the clock signal to be input to the second phase-relation
judging section 112 to have a predetermined phase difference with respect
to the clock signal to be input to the first phase-relation judging
section 111. In the structure shown in FIG. 10(b), the phase of the former
clock signal is inverted by an inverter 132 so that the phase differs from
the phase of the latter clock signal by a 1/2 time slot.
Then, inversion control is performed to determined if the polarities of the
clock signal to be input to EXOR gates 131 and 131(2) should be inverted
in accordance with the judgment result ("L" or "H") in the first
phase-relation judging section 111.
In the structure shown in FIG. 11, multiplexers or selectors 135 and 135(2)
are used in place of the EXOR gates, one of two types of clock signals
whose phases are respectively set by delay means 133 and 133(2) is
selectively output in accordance with the judgment result ("L" or "H" ) in
the first phase-relation judging section 111.
The delay means 130 and 130(2) shown in FIG. 10(a) and the delay means 133
and 133(2) shown in FIG. 11 can each be accomplished by either a logical
gate element, or a fixed or variable delay element (passive element) as
mentioned earlier with reference to FIG. 9.
In the foregoing description, the processing is all done by logic
processing. As judgment is done only when data "1" exists, no
consideration need to be given to any measure for the case where data "0"
is mistaken for data "1."
In the above-described embodiment of this invention, a data discriminating
circuit, which selectively outputs data discriminated with a clock signal
with the proper phase, can be accomplished according to the principle of
this invention. In a logic circuit used in an actual receiver or the like,
for example, in a frame synchronization circuit, a sync protection circuit
for detecting a frame is provided.
In the data discriminating circuit of this invention, therefore, as in the
above case, a sync protection circuit may be provided. FIG. 12 presents a
conceptual diagram showing a sync protection circuit 32 provided in the
discriminated-data selecting section 3. As the sync protection circuit, an
ordinary type constituted of a shift register is used so that
discriminated data, which has been discriminated with the clock with the
phase that has been used to properly discriminate data a predetermined
number of times consecutively, is selectively output.
But, the structure shown in FIG. 13 is preferable in view of the high-speed
signal discrimination process, a variation or instability of the internal
circuits, or the need for the consideration of the case where judgment may
not be settled consecutively in a predetermined number of times. In other
words, a counter has only to be used in the sync protection circuit so
that the discriminated data may be selected from that system which
provides the proper result of judgment a predetermined number of times if
not consecutively.
The structure shown in FIG. 13 has two sync protection circuits 320 and
320(2) in association with the structure shown in FIG. 1. In this example,
the sync protection circuits 320 and 320(2) are respectively provided in
association with the D-FFs 122 and 122(2), and the circuits 320 and 320(2)
respectively have counters 325 and 326.
The two counters 325 and 326 respectively count mutually inverted data from
the D-FFs 122 and 122(2). Accordingly, the improper judgment results as
well as the proper judgment results are counted. A discriminated-data
select signal processing section 330 comprising a NOR gate 327, an OR gate
329 and OR/NOR gate 328 performs such control that if the improper
judgment result occurs a predetermined number of times, data that has been
discriminated with the clock signal having the inverted phase is output.
This design permits the discrimination phase to be always settled with
respect to the data length equal to or less than a given value.
Each of the sync protection circuits 320 and 320(2) further includes AND
gates 321,322 and 323 arranged in such a way that when any one of the Q
outputs of the four counters 325, 326, 325(2) and 326(2), two each in the
two sync protection circuits, becomes "H," the output of the AND gate 331
becomes "L," thus preventing a pulse from being input to the associated
counters. Accordingly, the phase once stabilized is kept as it is.
As described above, this invention can accomplish a data discriminating
circuit in a receiver, which is constituted only of a logic circuit,
discriminates data with two types of clock signals of mutually inverted
phases, and outputs the data discriminated with the proper one of the
clock signals.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a further embodiment of this invention
as applied to an optical receiver, illustrating the block structure of the
optical receiver.
FIG. 14 uses like or same reference numerals as used in FIG. 1 to specify
corresponding or identical components. Thus, the first and second data
discriminating/judging sections 1 and 2, the discriminated-data selecting
section 3 and the clock distributor 4 function in the same manner as have
been described earlier referring to FIG. 1.
What differs from the structure of FIG. 1 is the provision of a photodiode
(PD) 8, an equalizer/amplifier 9 and a clock extractor 61. The optical
signal input to the PD 8 is photoelectrically converted, and the resultant
signal is amplified to a discriminatable level by the equalizer/amplifier
9. The output of the equalizer/amplifier 9 is input to the data
discriminating sections 10 and 10(2) from the data input section 5, and at
the same time is input to the clock extractor 61, which is a timing
circuit, to extract a clock signal. The extracted clock signal is input to
the data discriminating section from the clock input section 6.
The data input from the data input section 5 is discriminated with the
clock signal input from the clock input section 6, and discriminated data
that has been discriminated with the clock signal of the proper phase is
output from the discriminated-data selecting section 3.
The sync protection circuit as described above with reference to FIGS. 12
and 13 may of course be added to the embodiment shown in FIG. 14.
A plurality of optical receivers as shown in FIG. 14 may be arranged in
parallel to constitute a parallel optical receiver which receives optical
signals input in parallel from a plurality of transmission paths.
In this case, the timing circuit has only to be equipped in at least one
receiving circuit. If needed, separate clock transmission may be provided
which transmits a clock signal in a separate optical transmission path in
parallel to data.
If the bit phases of parallel data need to be matched, bit synchronization
should be performed with the clock signal from a common clock generator 15
using D-FFs provided in a bit synchronizer 14 in association with the
channel outputs as shown in FIG. 15. In FIG. 15, "R1," "R2," . . . , "Rn"
denote n parallel receiver sections arranged in parallel.
Alternatively, only the data that has been discriminated with one of two
clock signals is discriminated again with the inverted clock signal,
thereby ensuring phase matching of the bits. In some system structure
which involves a quite different system clock signal, this clock signal
may be input from the clock input section 6.
As described above, according to this invention, in a receiver that
constitutes a digital signal transmission system, a data discriminating
circuit for discriminating signals can be constituted only of a logic
circuit. It is therefore possible to provide a low-cost data
discriminating circuit constituted of a gate array or the like, and an
optical receiver with a simple structure using this data discriminating
circuit, thus greatly contributing to accomplishing an optical receiver
with a simple circuit structure in a close range optical transmission
system such as an optical subscriber system.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof.
The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respect as
illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being
indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description,
and all changes, which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of
the claims, are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
* * * * *
![[Image]](/netaicon/PTO/image.gif)
![[Home]](/netaicon/PTO/home.gif)
![[Boolean Search]](/netaicon/PTO/boolean.gif)
![[Manual Search]](/netaicon/PTO/manual.gif)
![[Number Search]](/netaicon/PTO/number.gif)
![[Help]](/netaicon/PTO/help.gif)
![[Bottom]](/netaicon/PTO/bottom.gif)
![[View Shopping Cart]](/netaicon/PTO/cart.gif)
![[Add to Shopping Cart]](/netaicon/PTO/order.gif)
![[Top]](/netaicon/PTO/top.gif)