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Class   250	RADIANT ENERGY
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250

RADIO AND MICROWAVE ABSORPTION WAVEMETERS

251

ELECTRICALLY NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAM DEVICES AND METHODS

252.1

CALIBRATION OR STANDARDIZATION METHODS

253

GEOLOGICAL TESTING OR IRRADIATION

254

With drill or drilling

255

With sampling

256

Well testing apparatus and methods

257

With casing collar detection

258

By interface of fluids

259

With placement of tracer in or about well

260

Tracer being or including radioactive material

261

With detector or detector circuit control

262

With particular detector signal circuit

263

With detector signal modulation or carrier wave

264

Having plural detectors

267

With radiation control to detector

268

With well-engaging means

269.1

With source and detector

269.2

With plural types of detectors

269.3

Having gamma source and gamma detector

269.4

Having neutron source and neutron detector

269.5

Having thermal neutron detector

269.6

Having neutron source and gamma detector

269.7

With plural gamma detectors

269.8

With detection in plural consecutive time intervals

265

Plural detectors

266

With spacing or direction of detectors

271

CODED RECORD AND READERS; INVISIBLE RADIANT ENERGY TYPE

281

IONIC SEPARATION OR ANALYSIS

282

Methods

283

With collection of ions

284

For material recovery

285

With plural, simultaneous ion generators

286

Ion beam pulsing means with detector synchronizing means

287

With time-of-flight indicator

288

With sample supply means

289

With evacuation or sealing means

290

Cyclically varying ion selecting field means

291

Circular ion path

292

Laterally resonant ion path

293

Alternating field ion selecting means

294

Static field-type ion path-bending selecting means

295

With variable beam shifting field means

296

Plural diverse-type static path-bending fields

297

For causing complex ion path

298

Magnetic field path-bending means

299

With detector

300

With detector control or regulating

301

METHODS OF DETERMINING OIL PRESENCE, CONTAMINATION OR CONCENTRATION

302

RADIATION TRACER METHODS

303

Radioactive tracer methods

304

METHODS INCLUDING SEPARATION OR NONRADIANT TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIALS

305

ELECTRON ENERGY ANALYSIS

306

INSPECTION OF SOLIDS OR LIQUIDS BY CHARGED PARTICLES

307

Methods

308

Including a radioactive source

309

Positive ion probe or microscope type

310

Electron probe type

311

Electron microscope type

440.11

Analyte supports

441.11

With air lock or evacuation means

442.11

With object moving or positioning means

443.1

With heat transfer or temperature-indication means

315.3

SOURCE WITH CHARGED PLATE-TYPE DETECTOR

316.1

WITH INFRARED OR THERMAL PATTERN RECORDING

317.1

Thermal copying of documents

318

With image transfer device

319

With conveying means

324

CORONA IRRADIATION

325

Charging of moving object

326

Charging of objects

580

SOURCE WITH RECORDING DETECTOR

581

Using a stimulable phosphor

582

With image recording

583

For specialized application

584

With image read-out

585

Including stimulation

586

Including emission detection

587

With adjustment of conditions

588

With erasure

589

With conveyance

590

With a recirculation path

591

Including a light beam read-out

328

AUTOMATIC/SERIAL DETECTION OF SIMILAR SOURCES

329

RECORD PROJECTORS

330

INFRARED-TO-VISIBLE IMAGING

331

Including liquid crystal detector

332

Including detector array

333

Including image tube-type detector

334

Including means for scanning field of view

335

CLOUD OR BUBBLE CHAMBERS

336.1

INVISIBLE RADIANT ENERGY RESPONSIVE ELECTRIC SIGNALLING

336.2

Superconducting type

337

With heating of luminophors

338.1

Infrared responsive

338.2

Ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, photomagnetic types

338.3

Pyroelectric type

338.4

Semiconducting type

338.5

With means to analyze uncontained fluent material

339.01

With selection of plural discrete wavelengths or bands

339.02

Including detector array

339.03

Including temperature control means

339.04

Including temperature determining means

339.05

With additional noninfrared wavelengths

339.06

With radiation source

339.07

Including spectrometer or spectrophotometer

339.08

Including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry

339.09

With calibration steps in measurement process

339.1

Determining moisture content

339.11

Measuring infrared radiation reflected from sample

339.12

Using sample absorption for chemical composition analysis

339.13

With gaseous sample

339.14

Detecting infrared emissive objects

339.15

Sensing flame or explosion

340

Methods

341.1

With irradiation or heating of object or material

341.2

Including probe

341.3

Including polarizing means

341.4

With semiconductor sample

341.5

With calibration

341.6

Heating of object or material

341.7

With multiple sources

341.8

Measuring infrared radiation reflected from sample

342

Locating infrared emissive objects

343

With means to transmission-test contained fluent material

344

Plural series signalling means

345

Plural beam/detector pairs

346

Plural temperature sensitive signalling means

347

With movable beam deflector or focussing means

348

Controlled by signalling means

349

Plural signalling means

350

With periodic beam varying means

351

With periodic beam varying means

352

With temperature modifying means

353

With beam deflector or focussing means

354.1

Signalling means controls incident radiation

356.1

Flow metering

356.2

Using radioactive tracer

357.1

Fluent material level signalling

358.1

With means to inspect passive solid objects

359.1

Rectilinearly moving object

360.1

With relative movement means

361R

With or including a luminophor

362

Methods

363.01

With radiant energy source

363.02

Body scanner or camera

363.03

With positron source

363.04

Emission tomography

363.05

With detector support

363.06

Using coded aperture

363.07

With distortion correction

363.08

With detector support

363.09

With calibration

363.1

With a collimator

364

With fluent source handling or collecting means

365

Ultraviolet light source

366

Plural electric signalling means

367

Plural or composite luminophor

368

With optics

369

With output system

361C

Chemiluminescent detection

370.01

Semiconductor system

370.02

Alpha particle detection system

370.03

Fission fragment/fissionable isotope detection system

370.04

Self-powered system

370.05

Neutron detection system

370.06

Discrimination-type system

370.07

Dose or dose rate measurement

370.08

Imaging system

370.09

X-ray or gamma-ray system

370.1

Position sensitive detection system

370.11

Scintillation system

370.12

Of material other than germanium, diamond, or silicon

370.13

Containing cadmium telluride

370.14

Particular detection structure (e.g., MOS, PIN)

370.15

Temperature control or compensation system

371

Methods

372

Ultraviolet light responsive means

373

With means to transmission-test contained fluent material

374

Including a radiant energy responsive gas discharge device

375

Methods

376

With electroscopic indicators

377

With charge generator

378

With charge storage means

379

With means to supply the gas

380

Radioactive gas, or with gas-borne radioactive material

381

With radioactive source

382

With means to ionize the gas

383

Emissive fluent type, or with transmissive fluent material

384

Radioactive

385.1

Plural chambers or three or more electrodes

385.2

Spark chambers

386

With a periodic electrode bias varying means

387

With periodic electrode bias supply

388

With indicator

389

Including ionization means

390.01

Neutron responsive means

390.02

Radiographic analysis

390.03

With dose measurement

390.04

Composition analysis

390.05

For moisture content

390.06

Density/thickness/consistency analysis

390.07

Spectrum analysis

390.08

Using time-of-flight spectrometers

390.09

Using diffractometers

390.1

Including beam control

390.11

Including a scintillator

390.12

Position-sensitive

391

Methods

392

With indicating or recording means

393

With radiant energy source

394

Plural signalling means

395

Methods

200

PHOTOCELLS; CIRCUITS AND APPARATUS

201.1

Photocell controls its own optical systems

201.2

Automatic focus control

201.3

Of a microscope

201.4

Active autofocus

201.5

With optical storage medium; e.g., optical disc, etc.

201.6

Based on triangulation

201.7

Based on contrast

201.8

Based on image shift

201.9

Light beam wavefront phase adaptation

203.1

Following a target (e.g., a star or instrument pointer or other object) other than a pattern

203.2

Target illuminated by artificial light source

203.3

Self-luminous target

203.4

Sun

203.5

Cathode-ray tube scanning

203.6

Airborne target, or spaceborne target other than the sun (e.g., star or missile)

203.7

With moving reticle in optical path

202

Following a pattern (e.g., line or edge)

548

Controlling web, strand, strip, or sheet

549

Cathode-ray tube

204

Adjusting optical system to balance brightness in plural paths

205

Controlling light source intensity

550

Interference pattern analysis (e.g., spatial filtering or holography)

551

Signal isolator

552

Solid state light source

553

Array or matrix

554

Flame light source

559.01

With circuit for evaluating a web, strand, strip, or sheet

559.02

Evaluation of photographic film

559.03

Sequential detector arrangement

559.04

Evaluation by regions, zones, or pixels

559.05

With imaging

559.06

With scanning

559.07

With imaging

559.08

With camera

559.09

With polarization

559.1

With calibration

559.11

Detection of both reflected and transmitted light

559.12

Beam interruption or shadow

559.13

With laser source

559.14

With rotation of material

559.15

With plural detectors

559.16

Detection of diffuse light

559.17

With diffusion optics

559.18

With discrimination of discrete light diffusing region

559.19

Measuring dimensions

559.2

With comparison to reference or standard

559.21

Volume

559.22

Profile

559.23

With triangulation

559.24

Transversal measurement (e.g., width, diameter, cross-sectional area)

559.25

Lumber

559.26

Longitudinal measurement (e.g., length or spacing)

559.27

Thickness

559.28

With translucent material

559.29

Measuring position

559.3

With alignment detection

559.31

With triangulation

559.32

Measuring rate of motion or flow (change of position)

559.33

With robotics

559.34

Lead or wire bond inspection

559.35

Centroid

559.36

Edge

559.37

Angular orientation (e.g., skew)

559.38

Determining range from detector

559.39

With comparison to reference or standard

559.4

With indication of presence of material or feature

559.41

With foreign particle discrimination circuitry

559.42

Discontinuity detection (e.g., hole, crack)

559.43

Break detection

559.44

Identifying marking, pattern, or indicia

559.45

With defect discrimination circuitry

559.46

With camera or plural detectors

559.47

With counting means

559.48

With transversal scan

559.49

With moving reflector

206

Photocell controlled circuit

206.1

Having means to generate positional information in at least one plane of a target moving relative to one or more photodetectors

206.2

Detection of positional information in two or more planes (e.g., azimuth and elevation; hour angle and declination)

206.3

With moving reticle in optical path

555

Including coded record

556

Document verification or graph reader

557

With means to position, direct, or detect record

558

Stereoplotters

564

With circuit for evaluating a fluent material

565

With comparison

207

Electron multiplier

208.1

Plural photosensitive image detecting element arrays

208.2

Plural photosensitive nonimage detecting elements

208.3

With electronic scanning

208.4

Used to switch an electrical circuit or device on or off

208.5

With photodetector output ratioing other than by bridge or push-pull circuits

208.6

With specific relative positional geometry of photosensitive elements (e.g., an annular photosensitive element surrounding a coaxially mounted photosensitive element)

210

Bridge and push-pull circuits

214R

Special photocell or electron tube circuits

214P

Photographic control

214D

Light dimmers

214A

Amplifier type

214LA

Light amplifier type

214LS

Switching type

214VT

Vacuum tube type

214PR

Photosensitive rheostat type

214SG

Self-generating type

214.1

Special photocell

214AG

Automatic gain control

214AL

Ambient light responsive

214B

Ambient light desensitizing means

214C

Compensation

214DC

Digital circuitry

214L

Logarithmic/linear signal

214RC

Rate of change

214SF

Slave flash

214SW

Electronic switch

215

Combined with diverse-type device

216

Optical or pre-photocell system

227.11

Light conductor

227.12

Optical delay line

227.13

Light pen

227.14

Condition responsive light guide (e.g., light guide is physically affected by parameter sensed which results in light conveyed to the photocell)

227.15

With detection of macroscopic break in fiber

227.16

With detection of fiber microbend caused by parameter affecting fiber

227.17

Causing polarization change in fiber

227.18

Causing light spectral frequency/wavelength change

227.19

With coherent interferrometric light

227.2

With imaging

227.21

With light chopping or modulation

227.22

Keyboard or other manual switch controlled

227.23

With spectral frequency/wavelength discrimination

227.24

With coupling enhancement means

227.25

Fluid coupling

227.26

With scanning

227.27

With coherent interferrometric light

227.28

With specific configuration of light conductor components with respect to each other

227.29

With specific illumination or viewing orientation of light conductor relative to viewed object (e.g., light normal to, and detector at 45 degree angle to, viewed object)

227.3

With variable orientation of light conductor relative to viewed object (e.g., goniometer)

227.31

Side or edge illuminated light conductor or collector

227.32

End illuminated light conductor with noncircular geometric cross section

566

Including coded record

568

Digital information

569

Card type

570

Tape, drum, or disc types

573

Fluent material in optical path

574

Scattered or reflected light

575

Plural paths

576

Sample holder or supply

577

Volume or level

221

Controlled by article, person, or animal

222.1

Inanimate article

222.2

Particle detection

223R

Conveyor or chute

223B

Bottles

224

Article and light ray relatively moved during sensing

225

Polarizing

226

Color (e.g., filter or spectroscope)

228

Integrating sphere

229

Light valve (e.g., iris diaphragm)

231.1

Actuated by dynamic external physical quantity

231.11

Actuated by gauge element deflection

231.12

Gyroscopes

231.13

Shaft angle transducers

231.14

Incremental shaft readers; i.e., with means to generate increments of angular shaft rotation

231.15

With plural gear driven discs

231.16

Using phase difference of output signals from plural photodetectors

231.17

With means to indicate a complete shaft rotation

231.18

Position indicating shaft encoders with means to generate a unique signal for each specific angular shaft position

231.19

Pressure-responsive light valves

230

Reflection type(e.g., mirror galvanometer)

232

Light chopper type

233

Rotary

578.1

Plural light sources or optical paths

234

Means for moving optical system

235

Repetitious path

236

Rotary motion

237R

Hoods, grating, baffles, diaphragms, masks

237G

Gratings (moire fringes)

238

Temperature control of photocell

239

Housings (in addition to cell casing)

396R

WITH CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM DEFLECTION OR FOCUSSING

397

With detector

398

With target means

399

Secondary emissive type

400

With means to convey or guide the target

396ML

Magnetic lens

423R

ION GENERATION

424

Methods

425

With sample vaporizing means

426

Arc type

427

Electron bombardment type

423P

Photoionization type

423F

Field ionization type

428

FLUENT MATERIAL CONTAINMENT, SUPPORT OR TRANSFER MEANS

429

With temperature control

430

With valve or pump actuator

431

With cleaning means

432R

With irradiating source or radiating fluent material

433

Including a movable surface transfer means

434

Including a gravity-type transfer means

435

Including a flowthrough transfer means

436

Flow-enclosed radiation source

437

Tortuous path type

438

With a flow-modifying surface

432PD

Parent-daughter isotope separators

453.11

SUPPORTED FOR NONSIGNALLING OBJECTS OF IRRADIATION (E.G., WITH CONVEYOR MEANS)

454.11

With source support

455.11

Source and object encasement (e.g., sterilizers)

458.1

LUMINOPHOR IRRADIATION

459.1

Methods

461.1

With ultraviolet source

461.2

Biological cell identification

462.1

Self-luminous article

463.1

Dials, pointers, gauges, and bands

464.1

Pendants

465.1

Manual operators or luminous attachments therefor

466.1

Covers, keys, or luminous attachments therefor

467.1

Reticles, gun sights or with optical element

472.1

INVISIBLE RADIATION RESPONSIVE NONELECTRIC SIGNALLING

473.1

Methods

474.1

Optical change type

475.2

Photographic type

482.1

With radiation filter, modifier, or shield (e.g., dosimeter badges)

483.1

Luminescent device

484.2

Requiring an additional energy source to cause luminescence

484.3

With thermally-stimulated phosphor

484.4

With optically-stimulated phosphor

484.5

Dosimeter

485.1

With light excluding casing having an aperture

486.1

With plural luminescent material or plural luminescent containing layers or areas

487.1

With optical member of material to directly modify luminous energy

488.1

Plural planar layer type

489

ION COLLECTORS

491.1

MEANS TO ALIGN OR POSITION AN OBJECT RELATIVE TO A SOURCE OR DETECTOR

492.1

IRRADIATION OF OBJECTS OR MATERIAL

492.2

Irradiation of semiconductor devices

492.21

Ion bombardment

492.22

Pattern control

492.23

Variable beam

492.24

Photocathode projection

492.3

Ion or electron beam irradiation

493.1

RADIANT ENERGY GENERATION AND SOURCES

494.1

Plural radiation sources

495.1

Including an infrared source

496.1

With container for radioactive source and radiation directing or selectable shielding

497.1

With means to move source between shielded and unshielded position

498.1

With pivoted or rotatable radiation shield

503.1

With radiation modifying member

504R

Ultraviolet or infrared source

504H

Hand-held

505.1

RADIATION CONTROLLING MEANS

506.1

Shielded receptacles for radioactive sources

507.1

Having plural storage compartments or plural nested receptacles

515.1

Shields

516.1

Garments

517.1

Construction elements or building parts

518.1

With neutron absorption material

519.1

Flexible

522.1

SOURCE SUPPORTS

526

MISCELLANEOUS

900

OPTICAL LIQUID LEVEL SENSORS

901

With gap between light guide elements (includes open light path preset)

902

With closed light path preset

903

With prism contacting liquid

904

With single light guide element to guide light in a continuous path

905

With longitudinal irregularity

906

With large scale longitudinal bend

907

With portions of light guide coating or cladding removed

908

With waveguide twisted about its longitudinal axis

909

METHODS AND APPARATUS ANCILLARY TO STIMULABLE PHOSPHOR SYSTEMS

910

FOOD SAMPLE ANALYSIS USING INVISIBLE RADIANT ENERGY SOURCE

DIG1

PASSIVE INTRUSION DETECTORS

DIG2

RADON DETECTION

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