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Class   324	ELECTRICITY: MEASURING AND TESTING
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300

PARTICLE PRECESSION RESONANCE

301

Using a magnetometer

302

To determine direction

303

Using well logging device

304

Using optical pumping or sensing device

305

Having particular optical cell structure

306

Determine fluid flow rate

307

Using a nuclear resonance spectrometer system

308

Including a test sample and control sample

309

To obtain localized resonance within a sample

310

By scanning sample frequency spectrum

311

With signal decoupling

312

By spectrum storage and analysis

313

Including polarizing magnetic field/radio frequency tuning

314

With conditioning of transmitter signal

315

With sample resonant frequency and temperature interdependence

316

Using an electron resonance spectrometer system

317

Including a test sample and control sample

318

Spectrometer components

319

Polarizing field magnet

320

With homogeneity control

321

Sample holder structure

322

Electronic circuit elements

323

OF GEOPHYSICAL SURFACE OR SUBSURFACE IN SITU

324

Including borehole fluid investigation

325

To determine fluid entry

326

For small object detection or location

327

Using oscillator coupled search head

328

Of the beat frequency type

329

Using movable transmitter and receiver

330

By aerial survey

331

For magnetic field detection

332

With radiant energy or nonconductive-type transmitter

333

Within a borehole

334

With separate pickup

335

Employing multiple frequencies

336

To detect transient signals

337

To detect return wave signals

338

Within a borehole

339

By induction logging

340

To measure susceptibility

341

To measure dielectric constant

342

Using a toroidal coil

343

Using angularly spaced coils

344

With radiant energy or nonconductive-type receiver

345

By magnetic means

346

Within a borehole

347

Using electrode arrays, circuits, structure, or supports

348

For detecting naturally occurring fields, currents, or potentials

349

Of the telluric type

350

Including magneto-telluric type

351

Within a borehole

352

Combined with artificial source measurement

353

With fluid movement or pressure variation

354

Coupled to artificial current source

355

Within a borehole

356

While drilling

357

Including separate pickup of generated fields or potentials

358

With three electrodes

359

With nonelectrode pickup means

360

Using a pulse-type current source

361

With mechanical current reversing means

362

To measure induced polarization

363

By varying the path of current flow

364

Using frequency variation

365

Offshore

366

For well logging

367

Using a pad member

368

Cased borehole

369

While drilling

370

Using surface current electrodes

371

Using plural fields

372

Between spaced boreholes

373

Using current focussing means

374

Including a pad member

375

Including plural current focussing arrays

376

OF SUBSURFACE CORE SAMPLE

377

For magnetic properties

378

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE IGNITION SYSTEM OR DEVICE

379

With analysis of displayed waveform

380

Electronic ignition system

381

With magnetically controlled circuit

382

With capacitor discharge circuit

383

By simulating or substituting for a component under test

384

Using plural tests in a conventional ignition system

385

Distributor

386

Dwell (i.e., cam angle)

387

Condenser

388

Coil

389

Magneto

390

Low or high tension lead

391

Ignition timing

392

Using a pulse signal technique

393

In situ testing of spark plug

394

With cathode-ray tube display

395

Using an illuminating device to indicate spark plug condition

396

With an air gap in series with spark plug to indicate spark plug condition

397

By shorting the plug to ground to indicate spark plug condition

398

With air gap in ground circuit

399

Wherein a measured electric quantity indicates spark plug condition

400

Spark plug removed or tested in a test fixture

401

Using a pressure chamber

402

Apparatus for coupling a measuring instrument to an ignition system

403

ELECTRIC LAMP OR DISCHARGE DEVICE

404

Cathode-ray tube

405

Vacuum tube

406

Plural tubes in the testing circuit

407

Testing circuit for diverse-type tube

408

Circuit for making diverse test

409

Testing discharge space characteristic (e.g., emission)

410

With application of current or potential to the discharge control means

411

Pulsating or alternating current or potential for the discharge control means

412

Pulsating or alternating current for the anode

413

Shock testing

414

Electric lamp

415

ELECTROMECHANICAL SWITCHING DEVICE

416

Voltage regulator

417

Thermostat switch

418

Relay

419

Reed switch

420

To evaluate contact chatter

421

To evaluate contact resistance

422

To evaluate contact sequence of operation

423

To evaluate contact response time

424

Circuit breaker

425

ELECTROLYTE PROPERTIES

426

Using a battery testing device

427

To determine ampere-hour charge capacity

428

Including an integrating device

429

To determine load/no-load voltage

430

To determine internal battery impedance

431

With temperature compensation of measured condition

432

To determine battery electrolyte condition

433

To compare battery voltage with a reference voltage

434

To determine plural cell condition

435

Having particular meter scale or indicator

436

Including oscillator in measurement circuit

437

Including probe structure

438

Using a pH determining device

439

Using a conductivity determining device

440

Which includes a dropping mercury cell

441

Which includes a temperature responsive element

442

Which includes an oscillator

443

Having a bridge circuit

444

Which includes current and voltage electrodes

445

Having inductance probe structure

446

Having conductance probe structure

447

With movable or adjustable electrode

448

With concentric electrodes

449

With axially arranged electrodes

450

Which includes particular cell container structure

451

A MATERIAL PROPERTY USING THERMOELECTRIC PHENOMENON

452

A MATERIAL PROPERTY USING ELECTROSTATIC PHENOMENON

453

In a liquid

454

Frictionally induced

455

Corona induced

456

For flaw detection

457

ELECTROSTATIC FIELD

458

Using modulation-type electrometer

459

USING IONIZATION EFFECTS

460

For monitoring pressure

461

Using a radioactive substance

462

Using thermionic emissions

463

Using a magnetic field

464

For analysis of gas, vapor, or particles of matter

465

Using electronegative gas sensor

466

Using a filter

467

Using test material desorption

468

Using thermal ionization

469

Using a radioactive substance

470

Using thermionic emission

200

MAGNETIC

201

Susceptibility

202

Calibration

203

Curie point determination

204

Fluid material examination

205

Permanent magnet testing

206

Movable random length material measurement

207.11

Displacement

207.12

Compensation for measurement

207.13

Having particular sensor means

207.14

Diverse sensors

207.15

Inductive

207.16

Electrically energized

207.17

Separate pick-up

207.18

Differential type (e.g., LVDT)

207.19

Differential bridge circuit

207.2

Hall effect

207.21

Magnetoresistive

207.22

Having particular sensed object

207.23

Plural measurements (e.g., linear and rotary)

207.24

Linear

207.25

Rotary

207.26

Approach or retreat

209

Stress in material measurement

210

Magnetic information storage element testing

211

Memory core storage element testing

212

Dynamic information element testing

213

Magnetic recording medium on magnetized object records object field

214

By paramagnetic particles

215

With pattern enhancing additive

216

Flaw testing

217

Railroad rail flaw testing

218

Rail joint cutout

219

Magnetic sensor within material

220

Sensor supported, positioned, or moved within pipe

221

Borehole pipe testing

222

Hysteresis or eddy current loss testing

223

Hysteresis loop curve display or recording

224

With temperature control of material or element of test circuit

225

With compensation for test variable

226

Combined

227

Plural tests

228

With means to create magnetic field to test material

229

Thickness measuring

230

Layer or layered material

231

With backing member

232

Plural magnetic fields in material

233

With phase sensitive element

234

Electrically energized nonforce type sensor

235

Noncoil type

236

Oscillator type

237

Material flaw testing

238

Material flaw testing

239

Induced voltage-type sensor

240

Material flaw testing

241

Opposed induced voltage sensors

242

Plural sensors

243

Plural sensors

244

Magnetometers

244.1

Optical

245

Plural sensor axis misalignment correction

246

With means to align field sensor with magnetic field sensed

247

Nonparallel plural magnetic sensors

248

Superconductive magnetometers

249

Thin film magnetometers

250

Electronic tube or microwave magnetometers

251

Hall plate magnetometers

252

Semiconductor type solid-state or magnetoresistive magnetometers

253

Saturable core magnetometers

254

Second harmonic type

255

Peak voltage type

256

Energized movable sensing coil magnetometers

257

Moving coil magnetometer

258

Fixed coil magnetometer

259

Movable magnet or magnetic member interacts with magnetic field

260

Magnetic field detection devices

261

With support for article

262

Magnetic test structure elements

263

Current through test material forms test magnetic field

500

FAULT DETECTING IN ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND OF ELECTRIC COMPONENTS

501

Using radiant energy

502

In an ignitor or detonator

503

In vehicle wiring

504

With trailer

505

Combined with window glass

506

Combined with a flashlight

507

With fuse testing attachment

508

With electric power receptacle for line wire testing

509

Of ground fault indication

510

Of electrically operated apparatus (power tool, appliance, machine, etc.)

511

Of electrically operated apparatus (power tool, appliance, machine, etc.)

512

For fault location

513

Where component moves while under test

514

By exposing component to liquid or gas while under test

515

Using a particular sensing electrode

516

Metal chain

517

Wire bristles

518

Metal pellets or beads

519

By capacitance measuring

520

By frequency sensitive or responsive detection

521

By phase sensitive or responsive detection

522

By voltage or current measuring

523

Of an applied test signal

524

Polarity responsive

525

By resistance or impedance measuring

526

Using a bridge circuit

527

By applying a test signal

528

Tracing test signal to fault location

529

Using a magnetic field sensor

530

Using an electric field sensor

531

At fault site

532

Using time measuring

533

Of reflected test signal

534

By reflection technique

535

By time measuring

536

By spark or arc discharge

537

Of individual circuit component or element

750

System sensing fields adjacent device under test (DUT)

751

Using electron beam probe

752

Using light probe

753

Using electro-optic device

754

With probe elements

755

Internal of or on support for device under test (DUT)

756

Contact confirmation

757

Probe contact enhancement

758

Probe alignment or positioning

759

With recording of test results on DUT

760

With temperature control

761

Pin

762

Cantilever

763

DUT including test circuit

764

With identification of DUT

765

Test of semiconductor device

766

With barrier layer

767

Diode

768

Bipolar transistor

769

Field effect transistor

770

Liquid crystal device test

771

Power supply test

772

Motor or generator fault tests

538

Electrical connectors

539

Multiconductor cable

540

With sequencer

541

For insulation fault

542

Having a light or sound indicator

543

Single conductor cable

544

For insulation fault

545

Armature or rotor

546

Winding or coil

547

Transformer

548

Capacitor

549

Resistor

550

Fuse

551

Insulation

552

Bushing

553

Oil

554

Sheet material

555

Instruments and devices for fault testing

556

Having a lamp or light indicator

557

FOR INSULATION FAULT OF NONCIRCUIT ELEMENTS

558

Where element moves while under test

559

Where a moving sensing electrode scans a stationary element under test

600

IMPEDANCE, ADMITTANCE OR OTHER QUANTITIES REPRESENTATIVE OF ELECTRICAL STIMULUS/RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS

601

Calibration

602

With auxiliary means to condition stimulus/response signals

603

For excitation

604

Including marker signal generator circuit

605

For response signal evaluation or processing

606

Including a signal comparison circuit

607

Including a conversion (e.g., A->D or D-> A) process

608

Including a ratiometric function

609

For sensing

610

Including a bridge circuit

611

Including a remote type circuit

612

Parameter related to the reproduction or fidelity of a signal affected by a circuit under test

613

Noise

614

Signal to noise ratio or noise figure

615

Transfer function type characteristics

616

Gain or attenuation

617

Response time or phase delay

618

Transient response or transient recovery time (e.g., damping)

619

Selective type characteristics

620

Distortion

621

Envelope delay

622

Phase

623

Harmonic

624

Intermodulation

625

Dissymmetry or asymmetry

626

Nonlinearity

627

Shielding effectiveness (SE)

628

Circuit interference (e.g., crosstalk) measurement

629

Distributive type parameters

630

Plural diverse parameters

631

Using wave polarization (e.g., field rotation)

632

Using particular field coupling type (e.g., fringing field)

633

Using resonant frequency

634

To determine water content

635

To determine dimension (e.g., distance or thickness)

636

With a resonant cavity

637

Using transmitted or reflected microwaves

638

Scattering type parameters (e.g., complex reflection coefficient)

639

Where energy is transmitted through a test substance

640

To determine water content

641

To determine insertion loss

642

Where energy is reflected (e.g., reflectometry)

643

To determine water content

644

To determine dimension (e.g., distance or thickness)

645

Having standing wave pattern

646

To determine reflection coefficient

647

Using a comparison or difference circuit

648

With a bridge circuit

649

Lumped type parameters

650

Using phasor or vector analysis

651

With a bridge circuit

652

Of a resonant circuit

653

For figure of merit or Q value

654

Using inductive type measurement

655

Including a tuned or resonant circuit

656

Including a comparison or difference circuit

657

Using a bridge circuit

658

Using capacitive type measurement

659

With loss characteristic evaluation

660

With variable electrode area

661

With variable distance between capacitor electrodes

662

To determine dimension (e.g., thickness or distance)

663

Where a material or object forms part of the dielectric being measured

664

To determine water content

665

By comparison or difference circuit

666

Including a bridge circuit

667

By frequency signal response, change or processing circuit

668

Including a tuned or resonant circuit

669

With compensation means

670

For temperature variations

671

To determine dimension (e.g., dielectric thickness)

672

By comparison or difference circuit

673

Including a bridge circuit

674

By frequency signal response, change or processing circuit

675

Including a tuned or resonant circuit

676

With pulse signal processing circuit

677

Including R/C time constant circuit

678

Including charge or discharge cycle circuit

679

With comparison or difference circuit

680

Including a bridge circuit

681

With frequency signal response, change or processing circuit

682

Including a tuned or resonant circuit

683

With phase signal processing circuit

684

With compensation means

685

For temperature variation

686

With a capacitive sensing means

687

Having fringing field coupling

688

Including a guard or ground electrode

689

To determine water content

690

Including a probe type structure

691

Using resistance or conductance measurement

692

With living organism condition determination using conductivity effects

693

With object or substance characteristic determination using conductivity effects

694

To determine water content

695

Where the object moves while under test

696

With a probe structure

697

For interface

698

To determine oil qualities

699

To determine dimension (e.g., distance or thickness)

700

Including corrosion or erosion

701

Where the object moves while under test

702

With radiant energy effects

703

Including heating

704

With ratio determination

705

With comparison or difference circuit

706

Including a bridge circuit

707

With frequency response, change or processing circuit

708

Including a tuned or resonant circuit

709

With phase signal processing circuit

710

With pulse signal processing circuit

711

Including R/C time constant circuit

712

Including a digital or logic circuit

713

With voltage or current signal evaluation

714

Including a potentiometer

715

Including a particular probing technique (e.g., four point probe)

716

To determine dimension (e.g., distance or thickness)

717

To determine material composition

718

To detect a flaw or defect

719

With semiconductor or IC materials quality determination using conductivity effects

720

With compensation means

721

For temperature variation

722

Device or apparatus determines conductivity effects

723

Potentiometer

724

Using a probe type structure

725

Using a particular bridge circuit

726

Transformer testing (e.g., ratio)

727

Piezoelectric crystal testing (e.g., frequency, resistance)

66

CONDUCTOR IDENTIFICATION OR LOCATION (E.G., PHASE IDENTIFICATION)

67

Inaccessible (at test point) conductor (e.g., buried in wall)

160

ELECTRICAL SPEED MEASURING

161

Speed comparing means

162

With acceleration measuring means

163

Including speed analog electrical signal generator

164

Eddy current generator type (e.g., tachometer)

165

With direction indicator

166

Including speed-related frequency generator

167

Including rotating magnetic field actuated indicator

168

Including periodic switch

169

In ignition system

170

High voltage speed signal type

171

With extent-of-travel indicator

172

Including synchronized recording medium

173

Including magnetic detector

174

Permanent magnet type

175

Including radiant energy detector

176

Including object displacement varied variable circuit impedance

177

Including motor current or voltage sensor

178

Including "event" sensing means

179

Magnetic field sensor

180

Mechanically actuated switch

71.1

DETERMINING NONELECTRIC PROPERTIES BY MEASURING ELECTRIC PROPERTIES

71.2

Erosion

71.3

Beam of atomic particles

71.4

Particle counting

71.5

Semiconductors for nonelectrical property

71.6

Superconductors

72

TESTING POTENTIAL IN SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT (E.G., LIGHTNING STROKE)

72.5

Voltage probe

73.1

PLURAL, AUTOMATICALLY SEQUENTIAL TESTS

74

TESTING AND CALIBRATING ELECTRIC METERS (E.G., WATT-HOUR METERS)

75

By stroboscopic means

76.11

MEASURING, TESTING, OR SENSING ELECTRICITY, PER SE

76.12

Analysis of complex waves

76.13

Amplitude distribution

76.14

Radiometer (e.g., microwave, etc.)

76.15

With sampler

76.16

With counter

76.17

With integrator

76.18

With slope detector

76.19

Frequency spectrum analyzer

76.21

By Fourier analysis

76.22

Real-time spectrum analyzer

76.23

With mixer

76.24

With sampler

76.25

With slope detector

76.26

Scanning-panoramic receiver

76.27

With particular sweep circuit

77.11

Nonscanning

76.28

Digital filter

76.29

With filtering

76.31

Parallel filters

76.32

With space discharge device

76.33

Correlation

76.34

With space discharge device

76.35

With delay line

76.36

With optics

76.37

Bragg cell

76.38

With sampler

76.39

Frequency of cyclic current or voltage (e.g., cyclic counting etc.)

76.41

Frequency comparison, (e.g., heterodyne, etc.)

76.42

With sampler

76.43

With plural mixers

76.44

With filtering

76.45

Bandpass

76.46

Plural

76.47

Digital output

76.48

With counter

76.49

Tuned mechanical resonator (e.g., reed, piezocrystal, etc.)

76.51

By tuning (e.g., to resonance,etc.)

76.52

By phase comparison

76.53

With phase lock

76.54

With delay line

76.55

Digital output

76.56

With microwave frequency detection

76.57

With tone detection

76.58

With sampler

76.59

With multiplexing

76.61

With memory

76.62

With counter

76.63

Using register

76.64

Plural

76.65

With space discharge device

76.66

With capacitive energy storage

76.67

With space discharge device

76.68

With filtering

76.69

Current output proportional to frequency

76.71

Nulling circuit

76.72

Qualitative output

76.73

With saturable device

76.74

Deviation measurement

76.75

Having inductive sensing

76.76

With space discharge device

76.77

Phase comparison (e.g., between cyclic pulse voltage and sinusoidal current, etc.)

76.78

Quadrature sensing

76.79

Feedback control, electrical

76.81

Feedback control, mechanical

76.82

Digital output

76.83

Analog output

84

With waveguide (e.g., coaxial cable)

85

With frequency conversion

86

Polyphase (e.g., phase angle, phase rotation or sequence)

87

With nonlinear device (e.g., saturable reactor, rectifier), discharge device (e.g., gas tube) or lamp

88

Cathode ray

89

Space discharge control means (e.g., grid)

90

Electrodynamometer instrument

91

Synchroscope type

92

Fluid (e.g., thermal expansion)

93

Conductive field (e.g., mercury)

94

Electrolytic

95

With waveguide or long line

96

Using radiant energy

97

Light beam type (e.g., mirror galvanometer, parallax-free scale)

98

Balancing (e.g., known/unknown voltage comparison, bridge, rebalancing)

99R

Automatic

100

With recording

99D

Digital voltmeters

101

Non-rebalancing bridge

102

Transient or portion of cyclic

103R

Demand, excess, maximum or minimum (e.g., separate meters for positive and negative power, peak voltmeter)

104

Thermal (e.g., actuation)

103P

Peak voltmeters

105

Thermal (e.g., compensation)

106

Actuation

107

Polyphase

108

Positive, negative or zero sequence

109

Electrostatic attraction or piezoelectric

110

Meter protection or fraud combatting

111

With storage means for voltage or current (e.g., condenser banks)

112

Tape, sheet (e.g., disk) or wire (e.g., magnetic) storage

113

Recording

114

Plural meters (e.g., plural movements in one case)

115

Plural ranges, scales or registration rates

116

With register (e.g., discount type, demand penalty)

117R

Magnetic saturation (e.g., in field or in amplifier)

117H

Hall effect

118

Modulator/demodulator

119

With rectifier (e.g., A.C. to D.C.)

120

With voltage or current conversion (e.g., D.C. to A.C., 60 to 1000)

121R

Cathode ray (e.g., magic eye)

121E

Magic eye indicators

122

Gaseous discharge (e.g., spark gap voltmeter)

123R

With amplifier or space discharge device

124

Inverted amplifier

123C

Feedback amplifiers

125

Inertia control, instrument damping and vibration damping

126

With coupling means (e.g., attenuator, shunt)

127

Transformer (e.g., split core admits conductor carrying unknown current)

128

Selective filter

129

Polepiece (e.g., split) admits nonunitary input conductor

130

Self-calibration

131

Suppressed zero

132

Nonlinear (e.g., Thyrite)

133

Nonquantitative (e.g., hot-line indicator, polarity tester)

134

With commutator or reversing or pulsating switch (e.g., D.C. watt-hour meter)

135

Oscillating

136

With rolling wheel or ball (e.g., transmission, integrating)

137

Eddy current rotor (e.g., A.C. integrating wattmeter)

138

With phase adjustment

139

Motor-driven, time-controlled or oscillating (e.g., ratchet)

140R

Plural inputs (e.g., summation, ratio)

141

Voltamperes (real or reactive)

142

Watts

140D

Ratio

143

Plural active motor elements (e.g., for two crossed pointers)

144

With electromagnetic field (e.g., dynamometer)

145

Solenoid plunger type

146

With permanent magnet (e.g., field, vane)

147

Soft iron vane

149

With probe, prod or terminals

150

Eccentrically pivoted coil

151R

With permanent magnet

152

Drag magnet

151A

Permanent magnet core

153

With register

154R

With rotor (e.g., filar suspension, zero set, balancing)

155

With pivot (e.g., internal friction compensation, anticreep)

154PB

Pointer and bearing details

156

Casings

157

Combined

158.1

MISCELLANEOUS

800

DIVINING RODS

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