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Class   327	MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVE ELECTRICAL NONLINEAR DEVICES, CIRCUITS, AND SYSTEMS
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1

SPECIFIC SIGNAL DISCRIMINATING (E.G., COMPARING, SELECTING, ETC.) WITHOUT SUBSEQUENT CONTROL

2

By phase

3

Comparison between plural inputs (e.g., phase angle indication, lead-lag discriminator, etc.)

4

With transducer

5

With input derived from feedback

6

With electron space discharge

7

With reference signal

8

With varying frequency

9

With sampling

10

Uniform pulse waveform

11

With transformer

12

With logic or bistable circuit

13

By shape

14

Slope

15

With direction (i.e., positive or negative)

16

Having feedback

17

With reference signal

18

By presence or absence pulse detection

19

Arbitration

20

Monitoring (e.g., failure detection, etc.)

21

With variable frequency source

22

By pulse noncoincidence

23

By pulse coincidence

24

Edge sensing

25

With uniform spacing

26

With pulse width detecting

27

With reference

28

By polarity

29

Selection of a particular polarity

30

Opposite polarity

31

By pulse width or spacing

32

With shock-excited circuit

33

With sampling

34

Narrow pulse elimination or suppression

35

Separating by duration or gap (e.g., duty cycle, etc.)

36

Selection of a particular pulse width

37

Comparison by threshold or reference

38

With plural paths

39

By frequency

40

Comparison between plural inputs

41

With synchronous detection

42

Fixed frequency reference signal

43

With logic or bistable circuit

44

With predetermined frequency selection

45

Including sampling or reference frequency

46

Including plural frequency detection

47

Frequency detection

48

With counting

49

With logic or bistable circuit

50

By amplitude

51

With sensing amplifier

52

Differential amplifier

53

Current mirror

54

Having feedback

55

Cross-coupled

56

With reference signal

57

With latching type element (e.g., flip-flop, etc.)

58

Maximum or minimum amplitude

59

Employing input compared to output

60

Employing input compared to reference derived therefrom

61

By diode-capacitor network

62

Maximum and minimum amplitude

63

Comparison between plural varying inputs

64

With logic or bistable circuit

65

Differential input

66

Current mirror

67

Having feedback

68

Input provides varying reference signal

69

With plural paths

70

With single output

71

Three or more inputs

72

Input signal compared to reference derived therefrom

73

Reference derived by feedback

74

Input signal compared to plural fixed references

75

Three or more

76

With logic or bistable circuit

77

Input signal compared to single fixed reference

78

Reference level crossover detecting

79

Zero crossover

80

Reference determined by threshold of single circuit element

81

With transistor

82

Plural sources of input signal

83

Temperature compensation

84

With bridge circuit

85

Inverting input or output

86

With transformer

87

Having feedback

88

With source as reference

89

With differential amplifier

90

Comparison between two characteristics of an input signal

91

Including details of sampling or holding

92

With bridge circuit

93

With reference source

94

Sample and hold

95

Having feedback

96

With differential amplifier

97

With logic or bistable circuit

98

By separating composite signal

99

Having selection between plural continuous waveforms

100

SIGNAL CONVERTING, SHAPING, OR GENERATING

101

Converting input current or voltage to output frequency

102

Converting input frequency to output current or voltage

103

Converting input voltage to output current or vice versa

104

Converting, per se, of an AC input to corresponding DC at an unloaded output

105

Synthesizer

106

Having stored waveform data (e.g., in ROM, etc.)

107

Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.)

108

Current driver

109

Having semiconductive load

110

Having inductive load (e.g., coil, etc.)

111

Having capacitive load

112

Push-pull

113

Frequency or repetition rate conversion or control

114

Of output rectangular waveform

115

Frequency division

116

Frequency multiplication

117

Frequency division

118

Having discrete active device (e.g., transistor, triode, etc.)

119

Frequency multiplication (e.g., harmonic generation, etc.)

120

With plural outputs

121

Selective

122

Doubling

123

With particular tube or distributed parameter element

124

By periodic switching (e.g., chopper, etc.)

125

Generating parabolic or hyperbolic output

126

Generating staircase output

127

With differential amplifier

128

With rectifying element

129

Generating sinusoidal output

130

Generating trapezoidal output

131

Generating sawtooth or triangular output

132

With current source or current mirror

133

With distortion control (e.g., linearization, etc.)

134

With slope or duration control

135

Having digital element

136

Having particular delay or sync

137

Having feedback

138

Having temperature compensation

139

Having inductive load

140

With amplitude control

141

Synchronizing

142

Reset (e.g., initializing, starting, stopping, etc.)

143

Responsive to power supply

144

Using multiple clocks

145

Having different frequencies

146

With feedback

147

Phase lock loop

148

With charge pump

149

With variable delay means

150

With digital element

151

With counter

152

With choice between multiple delayed clocks

153

With delay means

154

With feedforward

155

With feedback

156

Phase lock loop

157

With charge pump

158

With variable delay means

159

With digital element

160

With counter

161

With delay means

162

Having reference source

163

By phase

164

Generating rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform having random characteristic (e.g., random width, etc.)

165

Regenerating or restoring rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform

166

Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.)

167

Having network providing particular mathematical function (e.g., integrator, etc.)

168

Having inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.)

169

Having negative resistance device (e.g., tunnel diode, etc.)

170

Slope control of leading or trailing edge of rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform

171

Output pulses having opposite polarities

172

Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform width control

173

Pulse narrowing

174

Pulse broadening

175

Duty cycle control

176

Having digital device (e.g., logic gate, flip-flop, etc.)

177

Having inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.)

178

Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform amplitude control

179

Gain

180

Limiting, clipping, or clamping

181

Electromagnetic pulse forming

182

Delay line or capacitor storage element charged or discharged through or by a relaxation oscillator type circuit to form pulse

183

Delay line or capacitor storage element charges or discharges through a tube to form pulse

184

Rectangular (e.g., clock, etc.) or pulse waveform generating by conversion from input AC (e.g., sine, etc.) wave

185

Particular stable state circuit (e.g., tristable, etc.)

186

Superconductive (e.g., cryogenic, etc.)

187

External effect device (e.g., light, heat, magnetic, or mechanical force sensitive devices, etc.)

188

Minority carrier storage effect

189

Storage diode (e.g., step recovery, etc.)

190

With transformer or saturable core device

191

Blocking oscillator

192

Negative resistance transistor (e.g., unijunction, etc.)

193

Four or more layer device, (e.g., trigistor, etc.)

194

Zener or capacitive diode

195

Negative resistance diode having "N"-shape characteristic on I-V plot (e.g., tunnel diode, backward diode, etc.)

196

Negative resistance diode having "S"-shape characteristic on I-V plot (e.g., four or more layer semiconductor device, etc.)

197

Convertible circuit (e.g., bistable to monostable, D-type to T-type, etc.)

198

Initializing, resetting, or protecting a steady state condition

199

Circuit having only two stable states (i.e., bistable)

200

Dynamic bistable

201

Complementary clock inputs

202

Master-slave bistable latch

203

Including field-effect transistor

204

Including multi-emitter or multi-collector bipolar transistor

205

Using hysteresis (e.g., Schmitt trigger, etc.)

206

Including field-effect transistor

207

Including diverse solid state devices (e.g., FET/bipolar, etc.)

208

Including field-effect transistor

209

Including enhancement and depletion devices

210

CMOS

211

With clock input

212

With clock input

213

Plural independent clock inputs (i.e., non complementary )

214

Complementary transistors

215

Having at least two cross-coupling paths

216

JK type input

217

RS or RST type input

218

D type input

219

Particular device at input, output, or in cross-coupling path

220

With diode

221

Parallel RC network in cross-coupling path

222

Resistor in cross-coupling path

223

Plural transistors of same conductivity type

224

With single semiconductor device

225

With logic element (e.g., NOR gate, etc.)

226

With single electron tube

227

Monostable

228

Having cross-coupled paths

229

Having differential circuitry

230

With external feedback (i.e., output to input)

231

Phase shift by less than period of input

232

Dependent on frequency

233

Correction to specific phase shift

234

Dependent on variable controlled phase shifts

235

Dependent on multiple fixed phase shifts

236

By phase comparator or detector

237

Variable or adjustable

238

Quadrature related (i.e., 90 degrees)

239

Non-overlapping multiple outputs

240

Maintaining invariant amplitude

241

With counter or shift register

242

Having multiple outputs

243

With feedback

244

With phase comparator or detector

245

Having multiple outputs

246

With differential amplifier

247

Having multiple outputs

248

With adder

249

Having multiple outputs

250

With active time delay element

251

Having multiple outputs

252

With passive time delay element

253

Having multiple outputs

254

Quadrature related (i.e., 90 degrees)

255

90 degrees between input and output

256

Phase inversion (i.e., 180 degrees between input and output)

257

Multiple outputs

258

Multiple outputs

259

Non-overlapping

260

Producing AC power control

261

Having specific delay in producing output waveform

262

Including significant compensation (e.g., temperature compensated delay, etc.)

263

Delay interval set by rising or falling edge

264

Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., FET, complementary transistors, etc.)

265

With counter

266

Differential amplifier

267

Electron tube

268

Having specific passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.)

269

Multiple outputs with plurality of delay intervals

270

Variable or adjustable

271

Including delay line or charge transfer device

272

Having specific active circuit element or structure(e.g., FET, complementary transistors, etc.)

273

With counter

274

Differential amplifier

275

Electron tube

276

Single output with variable or selectable delay

277

Including delay line or charge transfer device

278

Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., complementary transistors, etc.)

279

With counter

280

Differential amplifier

281

Field-effect transistor

282

Electron tube

283

Having specific passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.)

284

Including delay line or charge transfer device

285

Having specific active circuit element or structure (e.g., complementary transistors, etc.)

286

With counter

287

Differential amplifier

288

Field-effect transistor

289

Electron tube

290

Having specific passive circuit element or structure (e.g., RLC circuit, etc.)

291

Clock or pulse waveform generating

292

Clock fault compensation or redundant clocks

293

With plural paths in network

294

With common output

295

Plural outputs

296

Plural clock outputs with multiple inputs

297

Clock bus

298

Single clock output with multiple inputs

299

Single clock output with single clock input or data input

300

With saturable inductance

301

With electron beam type tube

302

With storage diode

303

With rectifier

304

With inductive device (e.g., transformer, etc.)

305

With gas tube

306

Amplitude control

307

Baseline or DC offset correction

308

Variable attenuator

309

By limiting, clipping, or clamping

310

Transient or signal noise reduction

311

By filtering

312

By feedback limiting-clamping

313

Using 3 or more terminal type nonlinear devices only

314

Using diode type nonlinear devices only

315

Providing constant input/output amplitude level ratio

316

By feedback control

317

Distortion compensation

318

In input or output circuit

319

For interstage coupling

320

Using diode

321

Clamping of output to voltage level

322

Of output current

323

Feedback

324

By using diverse-type nonlinear devices

325

Using only diode active elements

326

Avalanche or negative resistance device (e.g., zener diode, tunnel diode, etc.)

327

Using only transistor active elements

328

Field-effect type device

329

With tuned circuit

330

With rectifier or nonlinear impedance

331

Maintaining constant level output

332

With feedback

333

Interstage coupling (e.g., level shift, etc.)

334

SPECIFIC INPUT TO OUTPUT FUNCTION

335

By differentiating

336

By integrating

337

Having switched capacitance

338

With thermionic tube

339

With summing or counting

340

Single vacuum tube

341

With compensation

342

With transducer

343

With rectifier circuit

344

Including RC circuit

345

Having feedback

346

Exponential

347

Square root

348

RMS

349

Square function

350

Logarithmic

351

With cascade network

352

With summing

353

With vacuum tube

354

Absolute value

355

Combining of plural signals

356

Product

357

Quadrant

358

Having feedback

359

Differential amplifier

360

Quotient

361

Summing

362

With compensation

363

Having feedback

364

With vacuum tube

365

GATING (I.E., SWITCHING INPUT TO OUTPUT)

366

Superconductive (e.g., cryogenic, etc.) device

367

Josephson junction

368

Critical current control

369

External control (e.g., piezoelectric, light, etc.)

370

Magnetic field control

371

Temperature control

372

Inductive effect

373

Layout

374

Accelerating switching

375

Saturation prevention

376

Turn-on

377

Turn-off

378

Compensation for variations in external physical values (e.g., temperature, etc.)

379

Signal transmission integrity or spurious noise override

380

Preventing quick rise gating current (i.e., di/dt)

381

Preventing quick rise gating voltage (i.e., dv/dt)

382

Parasitic prevention or compensation (e.g., parasitic capacitance, etc.)

383

Ensuring fully conducting state

384

Switch noise signal

385

Contact bounce from mechanical switch

386

With clock input

387

Control signal derived from or responsive to input signal

388

Additional external control signal

389

Insulated gate FET (e.g., MOSFET, etc.)

390

With capacitive bootstrapping

391

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

392

Delay controlled switch (e.g., fixed, single time of delay control, etc.)

393

With variable or multiple adjustable time of delay control (e.g., variable charge-discharge, on-delay/off-delay control, etc.)

394

With field-effect device

395

Propagation through plural delay devices or paths

396

With plural switching elements (e.g., sequential, etc.)

397

Including negative resistance device in delay circuit (e.g., unijunction transistor, etc.)

398

For predetermined time period

399

With field-effect device

400

Propagation through plural delay devices or paths

401

With plural switching elements (e.g., sequential, etc.)

402

Including negative resistance device in delay circuit (e.g., unijunction transistor, etc.)

403

Parallel controlled paths

404

Field-effect transistor

405

Bipolar transistor

406

Electron tube

407

Converging with plural inputs and single output

408

Field-effect transistor

409

Push-pull circuit

410

With complementary transistor devices

411

Bipolar transistor

412

Push-pull circuit

413

With complementary transistor devices

414

Electron tube

415

Diverging with single input and plural outputs

416

Field-effect transistor

417

Bipolar transistor

418

Electron tube

419

Utilizing three or more electrode solid-state device

420

Breakdown characteristic (e.g., punch-through, tunneling, etc.)

421

Zener

422

Avalanche

423

Bridge circuit

424

Field-effect transistor

425

Bilateral transistor

426

Plural

427

Field-effect transistor

428

With silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)

429

Four or more electrode solid-state device

430

JFET (i.e., junction field-effect transistor)

431

MESFET (i.e., metal semiconductor field-effect transistor)

432

With bipolar transistor

433

Bi-CMOS

434

Insulated gate FET (e.g., MOSFET, etc.)

435

GaAs

436

Plural devices in series

437

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

438

Four or more layer device (e.g., thyristor, etc.)

439

Bipolar transistor circuit configuring SCR device

440

GTO (i.e., gate turnoff)

441

Plural or combined with other four or more layer device

442

Separate ON and OFF control circuit

443

Transformer or inductor in control circuit

444

Complex wave supply

445

Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)

446

Triac

447

AC supply

448

Device in bridge

449

PUT (i.e., programmable unijunction transistor)

450

Four electrodes

451

Zero point switching

452

With triac

453

Silicon controlled rectifier (SCR)

454

With unijunction transistor

455

Triac

456

Plural

457

Combined with diac

458

Combined with diverse four or more layer device

459

With bipolar transistor

460

Plural SCR`s

461

Inverse parallel connection

462

With bipolar transistor

463

With bipolar transistor

464

Having plural four or more layer devices

465

DC supply

466

PUT (i.e., programmable unijunction transistor)

467

Four electrodes

468

SCR and unijunction transistor

469

Triac

470

Plural devices

471

Series anode-cathode connection

472

Plural paths

473

Parallel connection

474

With bipolar transistor

475

SCR and bipolar transistor

476

Triac

477

Unijunction transistor (UJT)

478

Bipolar transistor

479

Special four or more electrode device (e.g., multiple bases, three electrode bipolar with FET gate, etc.)

480

Multiple emitter transistor

481

Multiple collector transistor

482

Plural

483

Darlington connection

484

Opposite conductively (i.e., complementary)

485

Control circuit in cascade

486

Control circuit in totem pole

487

Control circuit in cascade

488

Control circuit in totem pole

489

Control circuit with common emitter

490

With current mirror

491

With emitter follower

492

Control circuit with common collector

493

Utilizing two electrode solid-state device

494

Bridge circuit

495

Combined with diverse device in at least one arm

496

Plural

497

Active element in diagonal arm

498

Negative resistance

499

"N"-shape curve on I-V plot (e.g., tunnel diode type, etc.)

500

"S"-shape curve on I-V plot (e.g., pnpn diode type, etc.)

501

Hyperconductive diode

502

Breakdown characteristic (e.g., zener diode, etc.)

503

PIN diode

504

PN junction diode

505

Inverse parallel connection

506

Three or more electrode electron tube

507

Two electrode electron tube

508

Bridge circuit

509

EXTERNAL EFFECT

510

Magnetic

511

Utilizing Hall effect

512

Temperature

513

With compensation for temperature fluctuations

514

Light

515

Elements forming an array

516

Utilizing conversion of mechanical variations into electrical variations (e.g., vibration sensitive, etc.)

517

Responsive to proximity or touch

518

WITH PARTICULAR CONTROL

519

Plurality of load devices

520

Plural active components included in a controlling circuit

521

Connected in inverse parallel

522

Gaseous tube

523

Gaseous tube

524

SPECIFIC IDENTIFIABLE DEVICE, CIRCUIT, OR SYSTEM

525

Fusible link or intentional destruct circuit

526

Redundant

527

Superconductive (e.g., cryogenic, etc.) device

528

Josephson junction

529

Impact ionization

530

With specific source of supply or bias voltage

531

Fluctuating or AC source with rectifier or filter

532

With particular filter circuit

533

With battery connected across rectifier

534

Having particular substrate biasing

535

Having stabilized bias or power supply level

536

Charge pump details

537

With field-effect transistor

538

Stabilized (e.g., compensated, regulated, maintained, etc.)

539

Using bandgap

540

With voltage source regulating

541

With field-effect transistor

542

With diverse type transistor devices

543

Using field-effect transistor

544

Power conservation or pulse type

545

Including signal protection or bias preservation

546

With field-effect transistor

547

With selectively or alternately DC or AC input

548

With oscillator or interrupter

549

With hum or interaction prevention

550

With particular filament heating circuit

551

Unwanted signal suppression

552

Active filter

553

Adjustable

554

Switched capacitor filter

555

Selective type signal filtering (e.g., from low pass to high pass, etc.)

556

Notch or bandreject

557

Bandpass

558

Lowpass

559

Highpass

560

Nonlinear amplifying circuit

561

With operational amplifier

562

With field-effect transistor

563

With differential amplifier

564

Integrated structure

565

With specific layout or layout interconnections

566

Having field-effect transistor device

567

Thin film

568

Negative resistance type

569

Unijunction transistor

570

Having "N"-shape curve on I-V plot (e.g., tunnel diode type, etc.)

571

Having "S"-shape curve on I-V plot (e.g., pnpn diode type, etc.)

572

Secondary emissive type

573

Electron multiplier type

574

Utilizing a three or more electrode solid-state device

575

Darlington connection

576

Complementary transistors

577

Multiple emitter transistor

578

Multiple collector transistor

579

Minority carrier storage

580

Transistor breakdown device (e.g., avalanche, zener, punch through, etc.)

581

Field-effect transistor

582

Four or more layer device (e.g., silicon-controlled rectifier, etc.)

583

Utilizing two electrode solid-state device

584

Breakdown diode (e.g., zener diode, avalanche diode, etc.)

585

Minority carrier storage diode (e.g., enhancement diode, etc.)

586

Capacitive diode

587

Bridge circuit

588

With bridge circuit

589

With bootstrap circuit

590

With particular feedback

591

Tube performs plural functions

592

With oscillation prevention

593

With distributed parameter circuit

594

With particular coupling or decoupling

595

With particular connecting

596

Including oscillatory or shock-excited circuit

597

With particular grid control

598

With particular tube structure

599

Vacuum tube type

600

Beam tube structure

601

Gas tube

602

With particular electrode arrangement

603

MISCELLANEOUS

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