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100 APPLICATIONS
101 Mail processing
103 Target tracking or detecting
104 Vehicle or traffic control (e.g., auto, bus, or train)
105 License plate
106 Range or distance measuring
107 Motion or velocity measuring
108 Surface texture or roughness measuring
109 Seismic or geological sample measuring
110 Animal, plant, or food inspection
111 Textiles or clothing
112 Document or print quality inspection (e.g., newspaper, photographs, etc.)
113 Reading maps, graphs, drawings, or schematics
114 Reading aids for the visually impaired
115 Personnel identification (e.g., biometrics)
116 Using a combination of features (e.g., signature and fingerprint)
117 Using a characteristic of the eye
118 Using a facial characteristic
119 Using a signature
120 Sensing pressure together with speed or acceleration
121 Sensing pressure only
122 Sensing speed or acceleration only
123 Sensing geometrical properties
124 Using a fingerprint
125 Extracting minutia such as ridge endings and bifurcations
126 With a guiding mechanism for positioning finger
127 With a prism
128 Biomedical applications
129 DNA or RNA pattern reading
130 Producing difference image (e.g., angiography)
131 Tomography (e.g., CAT scanner)
132 X-ray film analysis (e.g., radiography)
133 Cell analysis, classification, or counting
134 Blood cells
135 Reading paper currency
136 Reading coins
137 Reading bank checks (e.g., documents bearing E-13B type characters)
138 Reading monetary amount
139 Reading MICR data
140 Including an optical imager or reader
141 Manufacturing or product inspection
142 Bottle inspection
143 Inspection of packaged consumer goods
144 Mask inspection (e.g., semiconductor photomask)
145 Inspection of semiconductor device or printed circuit board
146 Measuring external leads
147 Inspecting printed circuit boards
148 At plural magnifications or resolutions
149 Fault or defect detection
150 Faulty soldering
151 Alignment, registration, or position determination
152 Tool, workpiece, or mechanical component inspection
154 3-D or stereo imaging analysis
155 LEARNING SYSTEMS
156 Neural networks
157 Network learning techniques (e.g., back propagation)
158 Network structures
159 Trainable classifiers or pattern recognizers (e.g., adaline, perceptron)
160 Generating a standard by statistical analysis
161 Alphanumerics
162 COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING
163 Drop-out color in image (i.e., color to be removed)
164 Image segmentation using color
165 Pattern recognition or classification using color
166 Compression of color images
167 Color correction
168 HISTOGRAM PROCESSING
169 With a gray-level transformation (e.g., uniform density transformation)
170 With pattern recognition or classification
171 For segmenting an image
172 For setting a threshold
173 IMAGE SEGMENTATION
174 Using projections (i.e., shadow or profile of characters)
175 Separating document regions using preprinted guides or markings
176 Distinguishing text from other regions
177 Segmenting individual characters or words
178 Separating touching or overlapping characters
179 Segmenting hand-printed characters
180 Region labeling (e.g., page description language)
181 PATTERN RECOGNITION
182 Limited to specially coded, human-readable characters
183 Characters formed entirely of parallel bars (e.g., CMC-7)
184 With separate timing or alignment marks
185 Ideographic characters (e.g., Japanese or Chinese)
186 Unconstrained handwriting (e.g., cursive)
187 On-line recognition of handwritten characters
188 Writing on ordinary surface (i.e., electronics are in pen)
189 With a display
190 Feature extraction
191 Multispectral features (e.g., frequency, phase)
192 Feature counting
193 Counting intersections of scanning lines with pattern
194 Counting individual pixels or pixel patterns
195 Local or regional features
196 Slice codes
197 Directional codes and vectors (e.g., Freeman chains, compasslike codes)
198 Extracted from alphanumeric characters
199 Pattern boundary and edge measurements
200 Measurements made on alphanumeric characters
201 Point features (e.g., spatial coordinate descriptors)
202 Linear stroke analysis (e.g., limited to straight lines)
203 Shape and form analysis
204 Topological properties (e.g., number of holes in a pattern, connectivity, etc.)
205 Local neighborhood operations (e.g., 3x3 kernel, window, or matrix operator)
206 Global features (e.g., measurements on image as a whole, such as area, projections, etc.)
207 Waveform analysis
208 With a tapped delay line
209 Template matching (e.g., specific devices that determine the best match)
210 Spatial filtering (e.g., holography)
211 With electrically controlled light modulator or filter
212 Nonholographic optical mask or transparency
213 Using both positive and negative masks or transparencies
214 With a display
215 Using dynamic programming or elastic templates (e.g., warping)
216 At multiple image orientations or positions
217 Electronic template
219 Determining both similarities and differences
220 Calculating weighted similarity or difference (e.g., don`t-care areas)
221 Counting difference pixels
222 Using an Exclusive-OR gate
223 Resistor matrix
224 Classification
225 Cluster analysis
226 Sequential decision process (e.g., decision tree structure)
227 With a multilevel classifier
228 Statistical decision process
229 Context analysis or word recognition (e.g., character string)
230 Trigrams or digrams
231 Checking spelling for recognition
232 IMAGE COMPRESSION OR CODING
233 Including details of decompression
234 Parallel coding architecture
235 Substantial processing of image in compressed form
236 Interframe coding (e.g., difference or motion detection)
237 Gray level to binary coding
238 Predictive coding
239 Adaptive coding (i.e., changes based upon history, activity, busyness, etc.)
240 Pyramid, hierarchy, or tree structure
241 Polygonal approximation
242 Contour or chain coding (e.g., Bezier)
243 Shape, icon, or feature-based compression
244 Lossless compression
245 Run-length coding
246 Huffman or variable-length coding
247 Arithmetic coding
248 Transform coding
250 Discrete cosine or sine transform
251 Quantization
252 Error diffusion or dispersion
253 Vector quantization
254 IMAGE ENHANCEMENT OR RESTORATION
255 Focus measuring or adjusting (e.g., deblurring)
256 Object boundary expansion or contraction
257 Dilation or erosion (e.g., opening or closing)
258 Line thinning or thickening
259 Skeletonizing
260 Image filter
261 Adaptive filter
262 Median filter
263 Highpass filter (i.e., for sharpening or enhancing details)
264 Lowpass filter (i.e., for blurring or smoothing)
265 Recursive filter
266 Edge or contour enhancement
267 Minimize discontinuities in dot-matrix image data (i.e., connecting or merging the dots)
268 Minimize discontinuities at boundaries of image blocks (i.e., reducing blocking effects or effects of wrap-around)
269 Minimize jaggedness in edges (e.g., anti-aliasing)
270 Variable threshold, gain, or slice level
271 Based on the results of a count
272 Based on a local average, mean, or median
273 Based on peak levels
274 Intensity, brightness, contrast, or shading correction
275 Artifact removal or suppression (e.g., distortion correction)
276 IMAGE TRANSFORMATION OR PREPROCESSING
277 Transforming each dimension separately
278 Correlation
279 Convolution
280 Fourier transform
281 Walsh, Hough, or Hadamard transform
282 Selecting a portion of an image
283 Using a mask
284 Combining image portions (e.g., portions of oversized documents)
285 Mapping 2-D image onto a 3-D surface
286 Measuring image properties (e.g., length, width, or area)
287 Detecting alignment marks
288 Determining center of gravity or moment
289 Determining amount an image is rotated or skewed
290 Where the image is a character, word, or text
291 Determining the position of an object
292 Where the object is a character, word, or text
293 Changing the image coordinates
294 Registering or aligning multiple images to one another
295 To position or translate an image
296 To rotate an image
297 Rotation of image is limited to 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or 270 degrees
298 To change the scale or size of an image
299 Raising or lowering the image resolution (e.g., subpixel accuracy)
300 Interpolation
301 Where the image is an alphanumeric character
302 Multilayered image transformations
303 Pipeline processing
304 Parallel processing
305 Image storage or retrieval
306 Using identification indicia on document
307 General purpose image processor
308 Morphological operations (i.e., local neighborhood operations)
309 EDITING, ERROR CHECKING, OR CORRECTION (E.G., POSTRECOGNITION PROCESSING)
310 Correcting alphanumeric recognition errors
311 Including operator interaction
312 IMAGE SENSING
314 Sensing mechanism in stylus
315 Sensing mechanism in platen
316 Curve tracer
317 Sensor control (e.g., OCR sheet controls copier or fax)
318 Multiple scanning
319 Prescanning
321 Optical (e.g., OCR)
322 Single spot
323 Single line
324 Full retina
325 MISCELLANEOUS
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