\documentstyle{article}

\parskip 10pt

\setlength{\textwidth}{6.0 true in}
\setlength{\textheight}{8.5 true in}
\setlength\topmargin{-0.0in} \setlength\oddsidemargin{0.0in}%{-0.5in}
%\setlength\headheight{0pt}   \setlength\headsep{0pt}
%\setlength\footheight{0pt}   \setlength\footskip{0pt}

\begin{document}

\centerline{\Large \bf The KOBO}

\vspace{10pt}

\centerline{\large Kobo Shodan, Kobo Nidan, Kobo Sandan, Kobo Yodan }

\vspace{10pt}

\centerline{\large \bf as taught by Master Kazumi Tabata}

\noindent
The Kobo are a set of 1-attack sparring drills.  Each consists of five
defenses against an attack (numbered 1-5 below).

\noindent
Kobo means ``defense attack''.  In all these moves, the focus is not on
blocking the attack, but on making a block that leads immediately to an
offensive move.  A lot of the moves require that the attacker keep his
fist hanging out there, which is a bit unreasonable, but they are
intended to give a sense of one's own balance and how to sense and
manipulate the attacker's balance.

\noindent
In the text below, any reference to an offense body part or direction is
explicitly stated as ``offense.''  Any body part or direction mentioned
without ``offense'' refers to self or defense.

\noindent
Clock terms refer to the defense as looking down at the ground from from
the initial position.  Hence, clockwise is spinning to the right,
counter-clockwise to the left, 12:00 is facing forward from the
defense's initial position, 3:00 is facing toward the right, and so
forth.

\noindent
(NOTE:  This preliminary document is a VERY ROUGH DRAFT containing
errors that we hope to correct.  More details on some of the sketchy
areas would be greatly appreciated.  Please send comments and
corrections to Rick Lathrop.  Thanks to Chee Chew and Charlotte Wang
(and hopefully soon others!!!!) for helpful comments.)

\noindent
\ \hrulefill\ 

\noindent
\ 

\noindent
\centerline{\Large \bf KOBO SHODAN}

\noindent
All offense is left down-block followed by right stepping-punch to face.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SHODAN 1.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the right of the punch.  Pivot 90 degrees
counter-clockwise on left foot stepping forward with right leg into
horse stance.  Defense is now facing 9:00.  Double block offense punch with
both forearms vertical in front of chest.

\noindent
B.  Right back-fist to offense face, recover fist to nipple/solar plexus.

\noindent
C.  Left hand grabs offense right wrist, pull in and down and around to left
waist (pull in tight to body, pin offense right wrist to left hip).  Left foot
step in to right foot.  Right knife-hand strike to offense left neck.

\noindent
D.  Right hand tiger paw, push offense chin (face) up and back, to
off-balance offense backward.

\noindent
E.  Right leg step behind offense right leg, sweep right leg while twisting
left with hip and left arm, throw offense.

\noindent
F.  Shift to good horse stance, right hand at belt, bend right knee to
ground, bend forward, hit down hard with right fist, kiai, recover right
fist to belt.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SHODAN 2.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the right of the punch.  Pivot 90 degrees
counter-clockwise on left foot stepping forward with right leg into
horse stance.  Defense is now facing 9:00.  Right elbow strike upward to
offense  chin.  Left hand open-hand block offense punch, and grab offense right wrist.

\noindent
B.  Lower body in horse stance, recover right elbow to front of chest
and right elbow strike to offense right ribcage.

\noindent
C.  Same as 1C.

\noindent
D.  Same as 1D.

\noindent
E.  Same as 1E.

\noindent
F.  Same as 1F.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SHODAN 3.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the left of the punch.  Step forward and left and
outside slightly with left leg, follow with stepping outside with right
leg clockwise to 90 degrees horse stance.  Defense is now facing 3:00.
Forearms vertical in front of chest, right forearm on far side of offense
right wrist, left forearm on near side of offense right elbow, catching offense
right arm in an arm bar. Break offense right arm at right elbow.

\noindent
B.  Shift right hand to near side of offense right wrist and grab offense right
wrist, left hand grab offense right shoulder.

\noindent
C.  (First perhaps a small step in toward offense body with left foot, if
necessary to adjust distance?)  Pivot 90 degrees clockwise on left foot
stepping back with right foot into front stance.  Defense is now facing
6:00.  Pull offense  arm and body in close, push down hard on offense right
shoulder, keep offense  right wrist slightly raised.  Offense is immediately
to the left of defense, both facing same direction (6:00).

\noindent
D.  Step up with right foot toward left foot, then left foot reach in
front of and around offense right foot, sweep offense right foot back hard (sweep
offense foot, don't push offense down), throwing offense.

\noindent
E.  Left knee strike offense ribs (or spine or kidney).  Place offense right wrist
on right knee, thus putting offense right arm in arm bar, and break offense right
elbow with left hand strike.

\noindent
F.  Shift to horse stance, release offense right arm to ground in between
feet, punch down hard as in 1F.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SHODAN 4.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the right of the punch.   Pivot 90 degrees clockwise
on right foot, stepping forward with left leg into horse stance.  Defense
is now facing 3:00.  Left elbow strike to offense left ribs (left hand in
fist, right hand open assisting strike).

\noindent
B.  Open left hand, right hand make a fist, look over right shoulder,
twist body clockwise to right, right elbow strike to offense chin.  (Offense leans
head back during practice so defense can practice strike with power.)

\noindent
C.  Continue to turn body clockwise to face opponent.  Right foot steps
in toward offense and left foot steps up to right foot.  Left hand grabs offense
right wrist, pull in and down and around to left waist (pull in tight to
body as in 1C).  Right knife-hand strike to offense left neck.  Defense is
now facing 9:00.

\noindent
D.  Same as 1D.

\noindent
E.  Same as 1E.

\noindent
F.  Same as 1F.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SHODAN 5.}

\noindent
A.  Left arm open-hand outside-in block offense punch to right.

\noindent
B.  Body moves to the left of the punch.  Pivot clockwise 270 degrees on
left foot outside of punch into horse-stance with back to opponent.
Right elbow strike to offense spine.  Defense is now facing 9:00.

\noindent
C.  Pivot clockwise 270 degrees on right foot into front-stance behind
and facing opponent, right leg forward.  Grab offense hair or collar.
Defense is now facing 6:00.

\noindent
D.  Pull offense back and down, right knee up to strike offense head (if grabbing
hair) or spine (if grabbing collar).  Step right leg back to front
stance (left leg now forward) and throw offense to ground.

\noindent
E.  Punch down as in 1F.

\noindent
\ \hrulefill\ 

\noindent
\ 

\noindent
\centerline{\Large \bf KOBO NIDAN}

\noindent
All offense is left down-block followed by right stepping-punch to solar
plexus.  All defense kicks are to head (ideally).

\noindent
Offense steps back out of range in time to kicks so that defense can
practice with full force.  Offense falls backward to mat at end of each
technique to practice falling.

\noindent
In describing where to land after kicking, ``land forward'' means that
after the kick, the kicking foot lands one step toward the offense
relative to the support foot; ``land back'' means it lands one step away
from the offense relative to the support foot; and ``land middle'' means
it lands next to the support foot.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO NIDAN 1.}

\noindent
A.  Right outside inward crescent kick offense fist as punch comes in.  Kick
should be angling across and down at instant of contact so that punching
hand is knocked down and to the outside of offense body.

\noindent
B.  Land middle, right foot next to and to the left of left foot, body
facing 6:00, looking at offense over right shoulder.  Then look at
offense over left shoulder, left back kick (not back roundhouse kick).

\noindent
C.  Land left leg forward facing 12:00, then right hand stepping punch,
left counter-punch.

\noindent
D.  In all techniques offense falls down backward to practice falling.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO NIDAN 2.}

\noindent
A.  Same as 1A.

\noindent
B.  Land middle, right foot next to and to the left of left foot, facing
45 degrees away from opponent (facing about 7:30), looking at offense
over right shoulder.  Then right hook kick.

\noindent
C.  Land right foot back on the right side, facing 12:00.  As soon as
right foot touches down, right front roundhouse kick.

\noindent
D.  Land right foot forward, facing 12:00.  Right jab, left counter-punch.

\noindent
E.  Same as 1D.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO NIDAN 3.}

\noindent
A.  Same as 1A.

\noindent
B.  Land right foot middle, right foot next to and to the left of left
foot, body facing 6:00, looking at offense over right shoulder.  Then
look at offense over left shoulder, left back roundhouse kick (or wheel
kick; not back kick).

\noindent
C.  Land left foot forward on left side, then right front roundhouse
kick. 

\noindent
(?? Not sure about this ??)

\noindent
D.  Same as 2D.

\noindent
E.  Same as 1D.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO NIDAN 4.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the left of punch.  Step 45 degrees back and left with
left foot into right backstance, right hand knife hand block offense punch
(adjust the distance of the step to make the kick distance in 4B come
out right).  Defense is now facing about 1:30.

\noindent
B.  Right leg front leg front kick to offense right ribs.

\noindent
C.  Without landing right foot, left leg flying front kick to offense head.

\noindent
D.  Land left foot forward, jab to offense face with left fist.

\noindent
E.  Right counter-punch.

\noindent
F.  Same as 1D.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO NIDAN 5.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the left of punch.  Step 45 degrees back and left with
left foot into side-kick preparatory position (right leg up ready to
kick).  Right hand open hand block offense punch (adjust the distance of the
step to make the kick distance in 5B come out right).  Defense chest is
now facing about 10:30, defense is looking (and about to kick) at 1:30.

\noindent
B.  Right leg flying side kick to offense head.

\noindent
C.  Recover side kick and right away right backfist to offense head.

\noindent
D.  Same as 1D.

\noindent
\ \hrulefill\ 

\noindent
\ 

\noindent
\centerline{\Large \bf KOBO SANDAN}

\noindent
Offense 1-4 is left down-block followed by right stepping-punch to face.
Offense 5 is left down-block followed by right stepping overhand attack
as for knife or chop coming downward.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SANDAN 1.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the left of punch.  Step with left foot forward and
left, to the outside of the punch, into horse stance.  Left hand open
hand block offense punch, right hand up knife-hand in front of face, palm
down preparatory for knife hand strike, right forearm parallel to
ground.

\noindent
(?? Does right foot step back also, as in KOBO SHODAN 3?? Is defense
facing 1:30 or 3:00??) 

\noindent
B.  Spin 180 degrees clockwise around left foot into horse stance.
Right knife hand strike offense neck.  Defense is now facing 9:00.  (Before
spinning, if necessary, first step back (toward 6:00) with left foot to
adjust distance so strike comes out at correct distance.)

\noindent
C.  Same as Kobo Shodan 5C.

\noindent
D.  Same as Kobo Shodan 5D.

\noindent
E.  Same as Kobo Shodan 5E.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SANDAN 2.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the left of punch and down.  Step out to left with
left foot, to the outside of the punch, into low front stance and punch
right hand to offense ribs.  Defense is now facing about 9:00 or 10:00, but
adjust angle of step out so that punch comes out at correct distance. 

\noindent
B.  Right backfist to offense groin.

\noindent
C.  Shift to horse stance, left hand grab offense right foot, swing to right
and up in a big swing and throw opponent.

\noindent
D.  Same as Kobo Shodan 1F.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SANDAN 3.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves back and to the right of punch.  Step counter-clockwise
back and around with left foot, rotating 135 degrees around your right
leg such that your left leg ends up behind and to the right of the right
foot.  Defense chest is now facing about 7:30, defense looking about
10:30 toward offense.  Bring right hand up and grab offense punching wrist
from below.

\noindent
(?? any particular stance in 3A ??  back stance??)

\noindent
B.  Step forward and left into horse stance with left foot, turning 180
degrees clockwise around right foot such that your left foot ends up
somewhat in front of its initial position.  Defense is now facing about
1:30.  Left fist punch offense right elbow from below, right hand turns over
offense  right wrist and holds offense right arm out straight for punch to elbow.

\noindent
C.  Raise offense right arm slightly, step through with left foot between
right hand and offense body under offense right arm, rotating 90 degrees clockwise
on right foot.  Shift into front stance.  Defense is now facing about
7:30. Opponent's right arm bends at elbow, bend offense wrist back toward offense
shoulder into elbow lock.  Tuck offense right elbow securely into right
shoulder or armpit, left hand grasps offense right wrist.

\noindent
(?? maybe facing 9:00 not 7:30 ??)

\noindent
D. Throw opponent by applying pressure forward and down on elbow lock.
(Possibly stepping forward with left foot?)

\noindent
E.  Same as Kobo Shodan 1F.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SANDAN 4.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to the right of punch.  Step forward with right leg into
horse stance turning 45 degrees counter-clockwise into opponent.  Left
hand grab offense right wrist.  Right hand knife-hand strike to offense neck.
Defense is now facing 10:30.

\noindent
B.  Right hand grab offense right shoulder.  Throw offense by pushing on offense right
shoulder, pulling offense right arm in and down and around to left waist
(pull right arm in tight to body, offense right wrist pinned to left hip)
while helping with right hand on offense right shoulder.  Left leg moves back
and around counter-clockwise to add momentum to the throw.  Defense keep
body low.

\noindent
(not sure about 4B.)

\noindent
C.  Side kick offense (which leg?) on ground.

\noindent
D.  Same as Kobo Shodan 1F.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO SANDAN 5.}

\noindent
(Note: offense is left down-block followed by right stepping overhand
attack as if for knife or chop coming downward.)

\noindent
A.  Body remains in line with attack.  Block attack with left hand
rising block while stepping into left front stance (adjust spacing as
appropriate --- may work better if defense steps forward with left foot
instead of stepping back with right foot).   Defense is facing 12:00.

\noindent
B.  Open left hand, grab offense right wrist.

\noindent
C.  Step with right foot forward and between your left leg and offense,
to in back of offense right leg, while grabbing offense right wrist with right
hand by reaching under and behind offense right arm.  Opponent's right arm
bends at elbow, bend offense wrist back toward offense shoulder into elbow lock.
Tuck offense right elbow into right shoulder or armpit.

\noindent
D.  Same as 3D.

\noindent
E.  Same as 3E.

\noindent
\ \hrulefill\ 

\noindent
\ 

\noindent
\centerline{\Large \bf KOBO YODAN}

\noindent
All offense is left down-block followed by right front kick.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO YODAN 1.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to left of kick.  Step back and left with left foot 45
degrees clockwise to right back stance.  Backfist with right hand to top
of offense foot.  (Strike offense foot on top of the broad flat area just inside
the toes, on the sensitive long thin bones.)  Defense is looking toward
offense at 1:30.

\noindent
B.  Grab the offense right shoulder with left hand.

\noindent
(?? Not sure about this ??  Not sure where to move ??)

\noindent
C.  Right hand tiger paw, push offense chin back off-balance.

\noindent
D.  Step behind offense right leg with your right leg, then throw offense.
Simultaneously sweep offense right leg (hook your right leg backward), push
offense head back more with right hand, pull the offense backward with left
hand.

\noindent
(?? Not sure about this ??)

\noindent
E.  Same as Kobo Shodan 1F.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO YODAN 2.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to left of kick.  Step forward and left with left leg,
rotating 45 degrees about right leg into horse stance outside of kick.
Scoop offense  kicking foot into right arm (catch in crook of right elbow).
Defense is facing 1:30.

\noindent
B.  Step up with right foot next to left, grab offense right shoulder with
left hand.  Sweep offense support leg (offense left leg) with left leg sweeping to
right, throw offense to left.  Continue to hold offense kicking foot.  It's
helpful to raise the offense leg as you throw/sweep.

\noindent
C.  Shift grasp to offense right foot, hold offense right leg up.  Step up to
offense if necessary to adjust distance.  Kick down to offense groin with
left leg.

\noindent
D.  Step between offense legs catching offense right knee in leg bar against right
thigh, grab offense right foot with both hands, break offense right knee.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO YODAN 3.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to right of kick.  Step forward with right leg and turn
body 45 degrees counter-clockwise into horse stance inside of kick.
Defense is now facing 10:30.  Scoop offense kicking foot into left arm
(catch in crook of left elbow).

\noindent
B.  Right hand grab offense right shoulder, step up with left foot next
to right.  Move right foot to the left and behind offense support leg
(offense left leg).  Sweep right foot back and to the right, throwing
offense.  Raise the offense right leg to assist during the throw.

\noindent
C.  Same as 2C, but turning counter-clockwise.  Kick with the right leg.

\noindent
D.  Same as 2D, but turning counter-clockwise.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO YODAN 4.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves back in line with kick.  Step back with right leg
rotating 90 degrees clockwise about left leg into horse stance.  Defense
chest is now facing 3:00, defense is looking at 12:00.  The offense  kicking
foot is directly in front of defense.  Catch bottom of offense right heel
with left hand coming up from below.

\noindent
B.  Step forward with right leg 180 degrees counter-clockwise about left
leg, in next to opponent.  Defense is now facing 9:00.  Right hand pushes
offense right knee to outside, left hand holds offense right foot in
close to body at waist.  Throw opponent by rotating offense right knee
with push from right hand.

\noindent
C.  Same as 3C.

\noindent
D.  Same as 3D.

\noindent
{\bf KOBO YODAN 5.}

\noindent
A.  Body moves to right of kick.  Step forward and in with right foot
close toward opponent into horse stance, rotating 45 degrees
counter-clockwise around left foot.  The right foot should be just
outside the offense stance (just to the right of the offense left foot).  Defense
is now facing about 10:30.  Left arm catches offense  kicking foot (offense  right
foot) in crook of left elbow, from below.  Right hand to left of offense neck
(grab offense right neck), forearm across offense  throat.

\noindent
B.  Move arms in a great rolling circle, like a windmill, up and to the
right, and roll/throw opponent.

\noindent
C.  Chase opponent as s/he rolls and counter punch to face.

\noindent

\end{document}
