ordinary multibyte characters are copied unchanged to the output

conversion specifications are begun with % and consist of

• optional assignment supression character
• optional field width -- specifies how long the input field is; input field is a string of non-whitespace characters, extending to next whitespace character or end of field width
• optional length modifier

  	  h    short
  	 l,L   long
  	 

• conversion specifier

  	   d      int *, decimal integer
  	   i      int *, integer in octal (leading 0) or hexadecimal
  		  (leading 0x or 0X)
  	   o      int *, octal integer
  	   x      int *, hexadecimal integer
  	   u      unsigned int *, unsigned decimal integer
  	   c      char *, next input characters (default 1), whitespace
  		  is not skipped (to get next non-whitespace character,
  		  use %1s)
  	   s      char *, character string, writes string to argument
  		  and adds '\0' at the end
  	 e,f,g    float *, floating-point number (sign, decimal point, and
  		  exponent optional)
  	   %      literal '%', no assignment made