QTimer Class
The QTimer class provides repetitive and single-shot timers. More...
| Header: | #include <QTimer> |
| qmake: | QT += core |
| Inherits: | QObject |
Properties
|
|
- 1 property inherited from QObject
Public Functions
| QTimer(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) | |
| ~QTimer() | |
| int | interval() const |
| bool | isActive() const |
| bool | isSingleShot() const |
| int | remainingTime() const |
| void | setInterval(int msec) |
| void | setSingleShot(bool singleShot) |
| void | setTimerType(Qt::TimerType atype) |
| int | timerId() const |
| Qt::TimerType | timerType() const |
- 31 public functions inherited from QObject
Public Slots
- 1 public slot inherited from QObject
Signals
| void | timeout() |
- 2 signals inherited from QObject
Static Public Members
| void | singleShot(int msec, const QObject *receiver, const char *member) |
| void | singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *receiver, const char *member) |
| void | singleShot(int msec, const QObject *receiver, PointerToMemberFunction method) |
| void | singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *receiver, PointerToMemberFunction method) |
| void | singleShot(int msec, Functor functor) |
| void | singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, Functor functor) |
| void | singleShot(int msec, const QObject *context, Functor functor) |
| void | singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *context, Functor functor) |
- 11 static public members inherited from QObject
Reimplemented Protected Functions
| virtual void | timerEvent(QTimerEvent *e) |
- 9 protected functions inherited from QObject
Detailed Description
The QTimer class provides repetitive and single-shot timers.
The QTimer class provides a high-level programming interface for timers. To use it, create a QTimer, connect its timeout() signal to the appropriate slots, and call start(). From then on, it will emit the timeout() signal at constant intervals.
Example for a one second (1000 millisecond) timer (from the Analog Clock example):
QTimer *timer = new QTimer(this);
connect(timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()));
timer->start(1000);
From then on, the update() slot is called every second.
You can set a timer to time out only once by calling setSingleShot(true). You can also use the static QTimer::singleShot() function to call a slot after a specified interval:
QTimer::singleShot(200, this, SLOT(updateCaption()));
In multithreaded applications, you can use QTimer in any thread that has an event loop. To start an event loop from a non-GUI thread, use QThread::exec(). Qt uses the timer's thread affinity to determine which thread will emit the timeout() signal. Because of this, you must start and stop the timer in its thread; it is not possible to start a timer from another thread.
As a special case, a QTimer with a timeout of 0 will time out as soon as all the events in the window system's event queue have been processed. This can be used to do heavy work while providing a snappy user interface:
QTimer *timer = new QTimer(this);
connect(timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(processOneThing()));
timer->start();
From then on, processOneThing() will be called repeatedly. It should be written in such a way that it always returns quickly (typically after processing one data item) so that Qt can deliver events to the user interface and stop the timer as soon as it has done all its work. This is the traditional way of implementing heavy work in GUI applications, but as multithreading is nowadays becoming available on more and more platforms, we expect that zero-millisecond QTimer objects will gradually be replaced by QThreads.
Accuracy and Timer Resolution
The accuracy of timers depends on the underlying operating system and hardware. Most platforms support a resolution of 1 millisecond, though the accuracy of the timer will not equal this resolution in many real-world situations.
The accuracy also depends on the timer type. For Qt::PreciseTimer, QTimer will try to keep the accurance at 1 millisecond. Precise timers will also never time out earlier than expected.
For Qt::CoarseTimer and Qt::VeryCoarseTimer types, QTimer may wake up earlier than expected, within the margins for those types: 5% of the interval for Qt::CoarseTimer and 500 ms for Qt::VeryCoarseTimer.
All timer types may time out later than expected if the system is busy or unable to provide the requested accuracy. In such a case of timeout overrun, Qt will emit activated() only once, even if multiple timeouts have expired, and then will resume the original interval.
Alternatives to QTimer
An alternative to using QTimer is to call QObject::startTimer() for your object and reimplement the QObject::timerEvent() event handler in your class (which must inherit QObject). The disadvantage is that timerEvent() does not support such high-level features as single-shot timers or signals.
Another alternative is QBasicTimer. It is typically less cumbersome than using QObject::startTimer() directly. See Timers for an overview of all three approaches.
Some operating systems limit the number of timers that may be used; Qt tries to work around these limitations.
See also QBasicTimer, QTimerEvent, QObject::timerEvent(), Timers, Analog Clock Example, and Wiggly Example.
Property Documentation
active : const bool
This boolean property is true if the timer is running; otherwise false.
This property was introduced in Qt 4.3.
Access functions:
| bool | isActive() const |
interval : int
This property holds the timeout interval in milliseconds.
The default value for this property is 0. A QTimer with a timeout interval of 0 will time out as soon as all the events in the window system's event queue have been processed.
Setting the interval of an active timer changes its timerId().
Access functions:
| int | interval() const |
| void | setInterval(int msec) |
See also singleShot.
remainingTime : const int
This property holds the remaining time in milliseconds.
Returns the timer's remaining value in milliseconds left until the timeout. If the timer is inactive, the returned value will be -1. If the timer is overdue, the returned value will be 0.
This property was introduced in Qt 5.0.
Access functions:
| int | remainingTime() const |
See also interval.
singleShot : bool
This property holds whether the timer is a single-shot timer.
A single-shot timer fires only once, non-single-shot timers fire every interval milliseconds.
Access functions:
| bool | isSingleShot() const |
| void | setSingleShot(bool singleShot) |
See also interval and singleShot().
timerType : Qt::TimerType
This property holds controls the accuracy of the timer.
The default value for this property is Qt::CoarseTimer.
Access functions:
| Qt::TimerType | timerType() const |
| void | setTimerType(Qt::TimerType atype) |
See also Qt::TimerType.
Member Function Documentation
QTimer::QTimer(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)
Constructs a timer with the given parent.
QTimer::~QTimer()
Destroys the timer.
bool QTimer::isActive() const
Returns true if the timer is running (pending); otherwise returns false.
Note: Getter function for property active.
[static] void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, const QObject *receiver, const char *member)
This static function calls a slot after a given time interval.
It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need to bother with a timerEvent or create a local QTimer object.
Example:
#include <QApplication> #include <QTimer> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); QTimer::singleShot(600000, &app, SLOT(quit())); ... return app.exec(); }
This sample program automatically terminates after 10 minutes (600,000 milliseconds).
The receiver is the receiving object and the member is the slot. The time interval is msec milliseconds.
Note: This function is reentrant
See also setSingleShot() and start().
[static] void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *receiver, const char *member)
This is an overloaded function.
This static function calls a slot after a given time interval.
It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need to bother with a timerEvent or create a local QTimer object.
The receiver is the receiving object and the member is the slot. The time interval is msec milliseconds. The timerType affects the accuracy of the timer.
Note: This function is reentrant
See also start().
[static] void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, const QObject *receiver, PointerToMemberFunction method)
This is an overloaded function.
This static function calls a member function of a QObject after a given time interval.
It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need to bother with a timerEvent or create a local QTimer object.
The receiver is the receiving object and the method is the member function. The time interval is msec milliseconds.
If receiver is destroyed before the interval occurs, the method will not be called. The function will be run in the thread of receiver. The receiver's thread must have a running Qt event loop.
Note: This function is reentrant
This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.
See also start().
[static] void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *receiver, PointerToMemberFunction method)
This is an overloaded function.
This static function calls a member function of a QObject after a given time interval.
It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need to bother with a timerEvent or create a local QTimer object.
The receiver is the receiving object and the method is the member function. The time interval is msec milliseconds. The timerType affects the accuracy of the timer.
If receiver is destroyed before the interval occurs, the method will not be called. The function will be run in the thread of receiver. The receiver's thread must have a running Qt event loop.
Note: This function is reentrant
This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.
See also start().
[static] void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Functor functor)
This is an overloaded function.
This static function calls functor after a given time interval.
It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need to bother with a timerEvent or create a local QTimer object.
The time interval is msec milliseconds.
Note: This function is reentrant
This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.
See also start().
[static] void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, Functor functor)
This is an overloaded function.
This static function calls functor after a given time interval.
It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need to bother with a timerEvent or create a local QTimer object.
The time interval is msec milliseconds. The timerType affects the accuracy of the timer.
Note: This function is reentrant
This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.
See also start().
[static] void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, const QObject *context, Functor functor)
This is an overloaded function.
This static function calls functor after a given time interval.
It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need to bother with a timerEvent or create a local QTimer object.
The time interval is msec milliseconds.
If context is destroyed before the interval occurs, the method will not be called. The function will be run in the thread of context. The context's thread must have a running Qt event loop.
Note: This function is reentrant
This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.
See also start().
[static] void QTimer::singleShot(int msec, Qt::TimerType timerType, const QObject *context, Functor functor)
This is an overloaded function.
This static function calls functor after a given time interval.
It is very convenient to use this function because you do not need to bother with a timerEvent or create a local QTimer object.
The time interval is msec milliseconds. The timerType affects the accuracy of the timer.
If context is destroyed before the interval occurs, the method will not be called. The function will be run in the thread of context. The context's thread must have a running Qt event loop.
Note: This function is reentrant
This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.
See also start().
[slot] void QTimer::start(int msec)
Starts or restarts the timer with a timeout interval of msec milliseconds.
If the timer is already running, it will be stopped and restarted.
If singleShot is true, the timer will be activated only once.
[slot] void QTimer::start()
This function overloads start().
Starts or restarts the timer with the timeout specified in interval.
If the timer is already running, it will be stopped and restarted.
If singleShot is true, the timer will be activated only once.
[slot] void QTimer::stop()
Stops the timer.
See also start().
[signal] void QTimer::timeout()
This signal is emitted when the timer times out.
Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.
See also interval, start(), and stop().
[virtual protected] void QTimer::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *e)
Reimplemented from QObject::timerEvent().
int QTimer::timerId() const
Returns the ID of the timer if the timer is running; otherwise returns -1.