MIT Scheme Reference

Scheme is the UnCommon Lisp. This Info file is the programmer reference document for the MIT implementation of Scheme. It describes the facilities available for developing programs in MIT Scheme, and the "public" parts of the implementation.

Acknowledgements
1. Overview
2. Special Forms
3. Equivalence Predicates
4. Numbers
5. Characters
6. Strings
7. Lists
8. Vectors
9. Bit Strings
10. Miscellaneous Datatypes
11. Associations
12. Procedures
13. Environments
14. Input/Output
15. Operating-System Interface
16. Error System
17. Graphics
18. Win32 Package Reference
GNU Free Documentation License
Binding Index
Concept Index

 -- The Detailed Node Listing ---

Overview

1.1 Notational Conventions
1.2 Scheme Concepts
1.3 Lexical Conventions
1.4 Expressions

Notational Conventions

1.1.1 Errors
1.1.2 Examples
1.1.3 Entry Format

Scheme Concepts

1.2.1 Variable Bindings
1.2.2 Environment Concepts
1.2.3 Initial and Current Environments
1.2.4 Static Scoping
1.2.5 True and False
1.2.6 External Representations
1.2.7 Disjointness of Types
1.2.8 Storage Model

Lexical Conventions

1.3.1 Whitespace
1.3.2 Delimiters
1.3.3 Identifiers
1.3.4 Uppercase and Lowercase
1.3.5 Naming Conventions
1.3.6 Comments
1.3.7 Additional Notations

Expressions

1.4.1 Literal Expressions
1.4.2 Variable References
1.4.3 Special Form Syntax
1.4.4 Procedure Call Syntax

Special Forms

2.1 Lambda Expressions
2.2 Lexical Binding
2.3 Dynamic Binding
2.4 Definitions
2.5 Assignments
2.6 Quoting
2.7 Conditionals
2.8 Sequencing
2.9 Iteration
2.10 Structure Definitions
2.11 Macros

Definitions

2.4.1 Top-Level Definitions
2.4.2 Internal Definitions

Macros

2.11.1 Binding Constructs for Syntactic Keywords
2.11.2 Pattern Language
2.11.3 Syntactic Closures
2.11.4 Explicit Renaming

Syntactic Closures

2.11.3.1 Syntax Terminology
2.11.3.2 Transformer Definition
2.11.3.3 Identifiers

Numbers

4.1 Numerical types
4.2 Exactness
4.3 Implementation restrictions
4.4 Syntax of numerical constants
4.5 Numerical operations
4.6 Numerical input and output
4.7 Fixnum and Flonum Operations
4.8 Random Numbers

Fixnum and Flonum Operations

4.7.1 Fixnum Operations
4.7.2 Flonum Operations

Characters

5.1 External Representation of Characters
5.2 Comparison of Characters
5.3 Miscellaneous Character Operations
5.4 Internal Representation of Characters
5.5 ISO-8859-1 Characters
5.6 Character Sets
5.7 Unicode

Strings

6.1 Construction of Strings
6.2 Selecting String Components
6.3 Comparison of Strings
6.4 Alphabetic Case in Strings
6.5 Cutting and Pasting Strings
6.6 Searching Strings
6.7 Matching Strings
6.8 Regular Expressions
6.9 Modification of Strings
6.10 Variable-Length Strings
6.11 Byte Vectors

Regular Expressions

6.8.1 Regular-expression procedures
6.8.2 REXP abstraction

Lists

7.1 Pairs
7.2 Construction of Lists
7.3 Selecting List Components
7.4 Cutting and Pasting Lists
7.5 Filtering Lists
7.6 Searching Lists
7.7 Mapping of Lists
7.8 Reduction of Lists
7.9 Miscellaneous List Operations

Vectors

8.1 Construction of Vectors
8.2 Selecting Vector Components
8.3 Cutting Vectors
8.4 Modifying Vectors

Bit Strings

9.1 Construction of Bit Strings
9.2 Selecting Bit String Components
9.3 Cutting and Pasting Bit Strings
9.4 Bitwise Operations on Bit Strings
9.5 Modification of Bit Strings
9.6 Integer Conversions of Bit Strings

Miscellaneous Datatypes

10.1 Booleans
10.2 Symbols
10.3 Cells
10.4 Records
10.5 Promises
10.6 Streams
10.7 Weak Pairs

Associations

11.1 Association Lists
11.2 1D Tables
11.3 The Association Table
11.4 Hash Tables
11.5 Object Hashing
11.6 Red-Black Trees
11.7 Weight-Balanced Trees

Hash Tables

11.4.1 Construction of Hash Tables
11.4.2 Basic Hash Table Operations
11.4.3 Resizing of Hash Tables
11.4.4 Address Hashing
11.4.5 Low-Level Hash Table Operations

Weight-Balanced Trees

11.7.1 Construction of Weight-Balanced Trees
11.7.2 Basic Operations on Weight-Balanced Trees
11.7.3 Advanced Operations on Weight-Balanced Trees
11.7.4 Indexing Operations on Weight-Balanced Trees

Procedures

12.1 Procedure Operations
12.2 Primitive Procedures
12.3 Continuations
12.4 Application Hooks

Environments

13.1 Environment Operations
13.2 Environment Variables
13.3 REPL Environment
13.4 Top-level Environments

Input/Output

14.1 Ports
14.2 File Ports
14.3 String Ports
14.4 Input Procedures
14.5 Output Procedures
14.6 Format
14.7 Custom Output
14.8 Prompting
14.9 Port Primitives
14.10 Parser Buffers
14.11 Parser Language
14.12 XML Parser

Port Primitives

14.9.1 Port Types
14.9.2 Constructors and Accessors for Ports
14.9.3 Input Port Operations
14.9.4 Output Port Operations
14.9.5 Blocking Mode
14.9.6 Terminal Mode

Parser Language

14.11.1 *Matcher
14.11.2 *Parser
14.11.3 Parser-language Macros

Operating-System Interface

15.1 Pathnames
15.2 Working Directory
15.3 File Manipulation
15.4 Directory Reader
15.5 Date and Time
15.6 Machine Time
15.7 Subprocesses
15.8 TCP Sockets
15.9 Miscellaneous OS Facilities

Pathnames

15.1.1 Filenames and Pathnames
15.1.2 Components of Pathnames
15.1.3 Operations on Pathnames
15.1.4 Miscellaneous Pathname Procedures

Date and Time

15.5.1 Universal Time
15.5.2 Decoded Time
15.5.3 File Time
15.5.4 Time-Format Conversion
15.5.5 External Representation of Time

Subprocesses

15.7.1 Subprocess Procedures
15.7.2 Subprocess Conditions
15.7.3 Subprocess Options

Error System

16.1 Condition Signalling
16.2 Error Messages
16.3 Condition Handling
16.4 Restarts
16.5 Condition Instances
16.6 Condition Types
16.7 Condition-Type Taxonomy

Restarts

16.4.1 Establishing Restart Code
16.4.2 Invoking Standard Restart Code
16.4.3 Finding and Invoking General Restart Code
16.4.4 The Named Restart Abstraction

Condition Instances

16.5.1 Generating Operations on Conditions
16.5.2 Condition Abstraction
16.5.3 Simple Operations on Condition Instances

Graphics

17.1 Opening and Closing of Graphics Devices
17.2 Coordinates for Graphics
17.3 Drawing Graphics
17.4 Characteristics of Graphics Output
17.5 Buffering of Graphics Output
17.6 Clipping of Graphics Output
17.7 Custom Graphics Operations
17.8 Images
17.9 X Graphics		Graphics on the X Window System
17.10 Win32 Graphics		Graphics on Microsoft Windows and Windows NT
17.11 OS/2 Graphics		Graphics on IBM OS/2

X Graphics

17.9.1 X Graphics Type
17.9.2 Utilities for X Graphics
17.9.3 Custom Operations on X Graphics Devices

Win32 Graphics

17.10.1 Win32 Graphics Type
17.10.2 Custom Operations for Win32 Graphics		Custom Operations for Win32 Graphics Devices

OS/2 Graphics

17.11.1 OS/2 Graphics Type
17.11.2 Color Operations for OS/2 Graphics
17.11.3 Window Operations for OS/2 Graphics
17.11.4 Event Operations for OS/2 Graphics
17.11.5 Miscellaneous Operations for OS/2 Graphics

Win32 Package Reference

18.1 Overview
18.2 Foreign Function Interface
18.3 Device Independent Bitmap Utilities

Foreign Function Interface

18.2.1 Windows Types
18.2.2 Windows Foreign Procedures
18.2.3 Win32 API names and procedures

Device Independent Bitmap Utilities

18.3.1 DIB procedures
18.3.2 Other parts of the DIB Utilities implementation