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The Virtual Machine Instruction Set

Stack Instructions

Do nothing.

no change

Do nothing.

Pop top stack word

..., any => ...

Pop the top word from the stack.

Pop top two stack word

..., any2, any1 => ...

Pop the top two words from the stack.

Duplicate top stack word

..., any => ..., any, any

Duplicate the top word on the stack.

Duplicate top two stack word

..., any2, any1 => ..., any2, any1, any2, any1

Duplicate the top two words on the stack.

Duplicate top stack word and put two down

..., any2, any1 => ..., any1, any2, any1

Duplicate the top word on the stack and insert the copy two words down in the stack.

Duplicate top two stack words and put two down

..., any3, any2, any1 => ..., any2,, any1, any3, any2, any1

Duplicate the top two words on the stack and insert the copies two words down in the stack.

Duplicate top stack word and put three down.

..., any3, any2, any1 => ..., any1, any3, any2, any1

Duplicate the top word on the stack and insert the copy three words down in the stack.

Duplicate top two stack words and put three down

..., any4, any3, any2, any1 => ..., any2, any1, any4, any3, any2, any1

Duplicate the top two words on the stack and insert the copies three words down in the stack.

Swap top two stack words

..., any2, any1 => ..., any2, any1

Swap the top two elements on the stack.

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